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Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging methode——A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2021年第5期12卷 356-367页

作者： iván palacios orejuela César Leiva González Xavier Buenano Guerra Elena Chicaiza Mora Theofilos Toulkeridis Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE SangolquíEcuador Universidad Politécnica de Madrid MadridSpain

The determination of vertical component plays a fundamental role in the initial phase of engineering applications. However, its acquisition is technically and economically demanding, mainly due to the precise heights relative to a reference surface, such as the mean sea level. The Cokriging technique is a necessary input for the calculation of the vertical component of the geodetic control points measured by GnSS, and it requires less auxiliary data and uses complementary available variables for the calculation.Therefore, the main goal is to use Cokriging to establish a geoid undulation prediction model for the rural area of the canton of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Ordinary, Residual and Universal Cokriging and Kriging techniques were used to compare their results and select the best for achieving accuracy. The validation of the application techniques yielded that Universal Cokriging was the most accurate with an RMSE of 8 cm and RSR of 2 cm, obtained just with 66 samples(20% of the dataset). Furthermore, considering the comparison with other regional geoid undulation models, the proposed model increased the accuracy of the results by a ratio of 9.68 and 6.96 in relation to EGM96 and EGM08, respectively.

关键词： Universal Cokriging Kriging Mean sea level GnSS

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Serum levels of chemokines in adolescents with major depression treated with fluoxetine

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第8期10卷 175-186页

作者： Francisco Rafael de la Peña Carlos Cruz-Fuentes Lino palacios Manuel iván Girón-Pérez Emilio Medina-Rivero Maria Dolores Ponce-Regalado Samantha Alvarez-Herrera Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez Enrique Becerril-Villanueva JoséLuis Maldonado-García María C Jiménez-Martínez Lenin Pavón Adolescent Clinic Clinical ServicesNational Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Department of Psychiatric Genetics Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Universidad Autónoma de nayarit Laboratorio de InmunotoxicologíaBoulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/nCd de la Cultura Amado NervoTepic 63000Mexico Centro nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C.Laboratorio nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad nayarit Calle Tres s/n.Cd IndustrialTepic 63000NayaritMexico Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalUnidad Profesional Lázaro CárdenasMexico City 11340Mexico Departamento de Ciencias de Salud Centro Universitario de los AltosUniversidad de Guadalajara Av Rafael Casillas Aceves No.1200Tepatitlán de MorelosJalisco47610Mexico Laboratory of Psychoimmunology National Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Department of Immunology and Research Unit Institute of Ophthalmology“Conde de Valenciana Foundation”Mexico City 06800Mexico Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico City 04510Mexico

BACKGROUnD Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels.AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume.METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs.RESULTS In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(Pnes decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(Pn 0 wk and 4 wk.In the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(Pnts experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(Pnd 8 wk(PnCLUSIOn Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS score.The high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.

关键词： Adolescents Major depression Chemokine Fluoxetine Interferon gammainduced protein-10

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