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Targeting harmful effects of non-excitatory amino acids as an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2454-2463页

作者： Victoria Jiménez Carretero irisÁlvarez-Merz Jorge Hernández-Campano Sergei A.Kirov Jesús M.Hernández-Guijo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic School of MedicineUniv.Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research(IRYCIS) Neurobiology-Research ServiceHospital Ramón y CajalMadridSpain Institute of Neurobiology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine&Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is ***,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely *** release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the *** findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma *** amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during *** is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ***,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain *** these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.

关键词： cell swelling N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor non-excitatory amino acids stroke synaptic transmission

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1741-1748页

作者： iris Tischoff Andrea Tannapfel Institute of Pathology Ruhr-University of BochumBürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1Bochum44789Germany

As for many other tumors,development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)must be understood as a multistep process with accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulatory genes,leading to activation of oncogenes and inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes(TSG).In the last decades,in addition to genetic alterations,epigenetic inactivation of(tumor suppressor) genes by promoter hypermet hylation has been recognized as an important and alternative mechanism in *** HCC,aberrant methylation of promoter sequences occurs not only in advanced tumors, it has been also observed in premalignant conditions just as chronic viral hepatitis B or C and cirrhotic liver. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma focusing DNA methylation.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma DNA methylation Histone modification Tumor suppressor genes

Numerical Noise Prediction in Fluid Machinery

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第3期14卷 230-235,248页

作者： iris PANTLE Franco MAGAGNATO Martin GABI Department of Fluid Machinery University of Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe Department of Fluid Machinery University of Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe Department of Fluid Machinery University of Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe

Numerical methods successively became important in the design and optimization of fluid machinery. However, as noise emission is considered, one can hardly find standardized prediction methods combining flow and acoustical optimization. Several numerical field methods for sound calculations have been developed. Due to the complexity of the considered flow, approaches must be chosen to avoid exhaustive computing. In this contribution the noise of a simple propeller is investigated. The configurations of the calculations comply with an existing experimental setup chosen for evaluation. The used in-house CFD solver SPARC contains an acoustic module based on Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings Acoustic Analogy. From the flow results of the time dependent Large Eddy Simulation the time dependent acoustic sources are extracted and given to the acoustic module where relevant sound pressure levels are calculated. The difficulties, which arise while proceeding from open to closed rotors and from gas to liquid are discussed.

关键词： numerical noise prediction fluid machinery computational aero-acoustics large eddy simulation

A barrier to metal movement: Synchrotron study of iron plaque on roots of wetland plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 1-3页

作者： iris Koch Michelle M.Nearing Royal Military College of Canada

A wetland with attractive plants hosting birds and other wildlife is an esthetically pleasing prospect that is gaining popularity as a way of stabilizing or remediating metalcontaminated soils and sediment（Weber and ... 详细信息

关键词： Wetland plants Metal contamination Urban brownfield sites X-ray microtomography and microfluorescence Copper Iron Lead Zinc

Impact of tourism on the vigilance behavior of the Cyprus rock agama(Laudakia cypriaca)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 577-583页

作者： Artur GOLAWSKI iris CHARALAMBIDOU Sylwia GOLAWSKA Faculty of Sciences Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesSiedlcePolandand Department of Life Sciences School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus

Escape behavior is a common antipredator strategy among wild ***,we investigated the effect of four factors on the vigilance behavior of the endemic Cyprus rock agama(Laudakia cypriaca).Flight initiation distance(FID,the minimum distance to which an observer can approach a lizard before it flees)was measured in relation to the type of location(tourist *** area),the observer’s starting distance,air temperature,and substrate *** collected data for 39 agamas in tourist areas and 34 of these lizards in nontourist *** a whole,the mean starting distance was 10.5 m and the FID was 3.6 *** average substrate temperature was 34.0℃ and the average air temperature 29.6℃.Only the type of area affected the agamas’escape decisions with FID being 1.8 m shorter in tourist areas than in nontourist areas(2.7 m vs.4.5 m).This is probably due to the habituation of lizards to the presence of humans in the former *** study shows that tourism strongly affects the behavior of lizards,which may have consequences for the functioning of the *** can increase the safety of lizards by creating a human shield to deter *** the tourist season is over,lizards may become more vulnerable to predators.

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance flight initiation distance lizards tourism vigilance behavior

Uptake and transformation of arsenic during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus campestris

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 140-149页

作者： Michelle M.Nearing iris Koch Kenneth J.Reimer Environmental Sciences Group Royal Military College of Canada

Fruiting bodies from the Agaricus genus have been found to contain non-toxic arsenobetaine（AB） as a major compound. It is unknown whether AB is formed during the vegetative or reproductive life stages of the fungus, or by the surrounding microbial community, but AB＇s structural similarity to glycine betaine has led to the hypothesis that AB may be adventitiously accumulated as an osmolyte. To investigate the potential formation of AB during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus species, growth substrate and fungi were collected during the commercial growth of Agaricus bisporus and analyzed for arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS. AB was found to be the major arsenic compound in the fungus at the earliest growth stage of fruiting（the primordium）. The growth substrate mainly contained arsenate（As（V））. The distribution of arsenic in an A. bisporus primordium grown on As（V） treated substrate, and in a mature Agaricus campestris fruiting body collected from arsenic contaminated mine tailings, was mapped using two dimensional XAS imaging. The primordium and stalk of the mature fruiting body were both found to be growing around pockets of substrate material containing higher As concentrations, and AB was found exclusively in the fungal tissues. In the mature A. campestris the highest proportion of AB was found in the cap, supporting the AB as an osmolyte hypothesis. The results have allowed us to pinpoint the fungus life stage at which AB formation takes place,namely reproduction, which provides a direction for further research.

关键词： Arsenobetaine Arsenic Agaricus Fungi HPLC-ICP-MS XAS imaging

Population-level performance of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh in dense monocultures

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 241-246页

作者： Susanna Vain iris Gielen Jaan Liira Kristjan Zobel Department of Botany University of Tartu40 Lai St.51005 TartuEstonia Hugo Treffner Gymnasium 12 Munga St.51007 TartuEstonia

Aims Very little is known about the performance of non-agricultural plant species in monocultures,even though nearly all agricultural species have experienced the transition from multi-species environments to dense monospecific stands during the breeding *** the light of recent work that highlighted the possibility that the weedy species Arabidopsis thaliana can offer novel insight into crop breeding,we aimed to test the effect of sowing density on group and individual performance in different photoperiod environments in *** We studied the performance of *** Cvi-0 *** choice of Cvi-0 was based on a preliminary experiment in which plants of Cvi-0 ecotype exhibited high competitive *** densities used were 17.6,8.8,4.4,2.2 and 1.1 cm^(2) per plant and photoperiod environments 12 or 16 h of day *** Findings In this experiment,populations attained constant total seed yield for all *** interaction effect occurred,as at high sowing density and at longer day length plants produced heavier seeds,whereas at shorter day length seed weight was negatively related to plant *** results shed light on different strategies that annual plants can adopt when they face intense intraspecific competition,and could help to offer new perspectives for breeding crops with enhanced group performance.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana constant final yield intraspecific competition monoculture photoperiod

Flare-up of ulcerative colitis after systemic corticosteroids: A strong case for Strongyloides

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第27期14卷 4413-4415页

作者： Shomron Ben-Horin iris Barshack Yehuda Chowers Meir Mouallem Department of Gastroenterology Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Pathology Institute Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Department of Medicine E Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University

Super-imposed infection with intestinal organisms can mimic a flare-up of underlying disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report a case of patient with long standing ulcerative colitis (UC), who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea and low- grade fever after receiving systemic corticosteroids for an unrelated disorder. Despite a negative stool examination, a peripheral eosinophilia reappeared upon tapering down of a corticosteroid dose. Subsequently, duodenal biopsies showed evidence for Strongyloides, presumably acquired 20 years ago when the patient was residing in Brazil. The patient fully recovered following anti-helmintic therapy. This case underscores the importance of considering Strongyloides in the work-up of flaring-up IBD patients, even if a history of residing or traveling to endemic areas is in the distant past.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Infection Parasites Eosinophilia Strongyloides