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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第3期11卷 151-168页

作者： Lea ATANASOVA irina S.druzhinina Research Area of Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Institute of Chemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology A-1060 ViennaAustria

Conidial fungi or molds and mildews are widely used in modern biotechnology as producers of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites,industrially important enzymes,chemicals and *** are also important pathogens of animals including humans and agricultural *** various applications and extremely versatile natural phenotypes have led to the constantly growing list of complete genomes which are now *** genomics and proteomics widely exploit the genomic information to study the cell-wide impact of altered genes on the phenotype of an organism and its *** allows for global analysis of the information flow from DNA to RNA to protein,but it is usually not sufficient for the description of the global phenotype of an *** recently,Phenotype MicroArray (PM) technology has been introduced as a tool to characterize the metabolism of a (wild) fungal strain or a *** this article,we review the background of PM applications for fungi and the methodic requirements to obtain reliable *** also report examples of the versatility of this tool.

关键词： Biolog Phenotype MicroArray Mitosporic fungi Carbon metabolism Trichoderma Aspergillus Biotechnology

Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea:from aggregate species to species clusters?

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第2期6卷 100-112页

作者： druzhinina irina KUBICEK Christian P. Institute of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Engineering Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Getreidemarkt 9/E1665 A-1060 Vienna Austria Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Getreidemarkt 9/E1665 A-1060 Vienna Austria

Trichoderma/Hypocrea is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised humans. Species identification, while essential in view of the controversial properties of taxa ofthis genus, has been problematic by traditional methods. Here we will present a critical survey of the various identification methods in use. In addition,we will present an update on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the 88 taxa (which occur as 14 holomorphs, 49 teleomorphs and 25 anamorphs in nature) of Trichoderma/Hypocrea that have been confirmed by a combination of morphological, physiological and genetic approaches.

关键词： TrichodermalHypocrea Genus Molecular taxonomy-phylogeny

In honor of John Bissett:authoritative guidelines on molecular identification of Trichoderma

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第2期107卷 1-69页

作者： Feng Cai irina S.druzhinina Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Fungal Genomics Laboratory(FungiG) Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Institute of Chemical Environmentaland Bioscience Engineering(ICEBE)TU WienViennaAustria International Subcommission on Taxonomy of Trichoderma(ICTT) ICTFIUMSNanjingChina

Modern taxonomy has developed towards the establishment of global authoritative lists of species that assume the standard-ized principles of species recognition,at least in a given taxonomic ***,in fungi,species delimitation is fre-quently subjective because it depends on the choice of a species concept and the criteria selected by a *** to it,identification of fungal species is expected to be accurate and precise because it should predict the properties that are required for applications or that are relevant in *** industrial and plant-beneficial fungi from the genus Tricho-derma(Hypocreales)offer a suitable model to address this collision between species delimitation and species identification.A few decades ago,Trichoderma diversity was limited to a few dozen *** introduction of molecular evolutionary methods resulted in the exponential expansion of Trichoderma taxonomy,with up to 50 new species recognized per ***,we have reviewed the genus-wide taxonomy of Trichoderma and compiled a complete inventory of all Trichoderma species and DNA barcoding material deposited in public databases(the inventory is available at the website of the Interna-tional Subcommission on Taxonomy of Trichoderma *** oderm ***).Among the 375 species with valid names as of July 2020,361(96%)have been cultivated in vitro and DNA ***,we have developed a protocol for molecular identification of Trichoderma that requires analysis of the three DNA barcodes(ITS,tef1,and rpb2),and it is supported by online tools that are available on *** *** then used all the whole-genome sequenced(WGS)Trichoderma strains that are available in public databases to provide versatile practical examples of molecular identification,reveal short-comings,and discuss possible *** on the Trichoderma example,this study shows why the identification of a fungal species is an intricate and laborious task that requires a background

关键词： Diversity DNA barcoding Hypocreales GCPSR Species concept Taxonomy Whole-genome sequencing

Fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma:from barcodes to biodiversity

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 753-763页

作者： Christian P.KUBICEK Monika KOMON-ZELAZOWSKA irina S.druzhinina Institute of Chemical Engineering Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Vienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/E1665A-1060 ViennaAustria Institute of Chemical Engineering Research Area Gene Technology and Applied BiochemistryVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/E1665A-1060 ViennaAustria

Hypocrea/Trichoderma is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immuno- compromised humans and animals, while others can cause damage to cultivated mushroom. With the recent advent of a reliable, BarCode-aided identification system for all known taxa of Trichoderma and Hypocrea, it became now possible to study some of the biological fundamentals of the diversity in this fungal genus in more detail. In this article, we will therefore review recent progress in (1) the understanding of the geographic distribution of individual taxa; (2) mechanisms of speciation leading to development of mushroom diseases and facultative human mycoses; and (3) the possible correlation of specific traits of secondary metabolism and molecular phylogeny.

关键词： Hypocrea/Trichoderma Biogeography Biodiversity Facultative human opportunists Peptaibols Mushroom pathogens

The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma:a revision with new species

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第4期55卷 77-108页

作者： Gary J.Samuels Adnan Ismaiel Temesgen B.Mulaw George Szakacs irina S.druzhinina Christian P.Kubicek Walter M.Jaklitsch United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSystematic Mycology&Microbiology LaboratoryB-010a10300 Baltimore AveBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Center for Environmental Science Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD 21201USA Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science Budapest University of Technology and Economics(BUTE)1111 BudapestGellért ter 4Hungary Vienna University of Technology Institute of Chemical EngineeringGetreidemarkt 9/1661060 WienAustria Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Faculty Centre of BiodiversityUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030 ViennaAustria

The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is *** new species are described(***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***).The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic *** parareesei and *** are redescribed based on new collections or additional *** teleomorphs are reported for *** and *** described species are annotated.

关键词： Hypocrea Hypocreaceae Hypocreales Endophyte Medical mycology Revision Systematics Taxonomy Soil fungi Biogeography

Interaction Between the Ginger Soft Rot Pathogen Pythium myriotylum and the Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum

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Interaction Between the Ginger Soft Rot Pathogen Pythium myr...

Insights into the broad-host range plant pathogen Pythium myriotylum（Oomycota）and biocontrol of soft-rot disease of ginger

中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： Paul Daly Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh ZHOU Dongmei ZHANG Jinfeng CHEN Siqiao DENG Sheng irina druzhinina WEI Lihui Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization Fungal Genomics GroupNanjing Agricultural University School of Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University

The use of natural antagonistic microorganisms, such asPythium oligandrum, is a promising environmentally friendly approach to biologically control Pythium soft-rot disease of ginger(Zingiber officinale) caused by Pythium myriotylum.A critical part to improve the efficiency of biocontrol applications is to understand both the mechanisms of action of ***, and the mechanisms by which *** *** antagonism involves hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases and proteases, and recently we uncovered a role for *** — produced volatile organic compounds in antagonism of *** effects of these mechanisms are obvious from major morphological and cytological damage to *** of the response of *** to *** proteases appears to involve upregulation of protease ***, in response to *** volatile compounds,*** initially showed a strong upregulation of putative detoxification-related genes that was not maintained at later ***, the responses of *** to *** suggest ways to reduce the ability of *** to defend against and counter-antagonise ***( e.g., by targeting *** protease inhibitors or detoxification genes), and thus improve the efficiency of ***-mediated ginger disease control.

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Insights into the broad-host range plant pathogen Pythium my...

Forecasting the number of species of asexually reproducing fungi(Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)

中国植物病理学会2021年学术年会

作者： PAUL Daly ZHOU Dongmei SHEN Danyu ZHANG Qimeng CHEN Siqiao XUE Taiqiang CHEN Yifan Jamie McGowan David Fitzpatrick DENG Sheng LI Jingjing irina druzhinina WEI Lihui Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization Fungal Genomics GroupNanjing Agricultural University School of Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Genome Evolution Laboratory Maynooth UniversityCo.Kildare

Pythium myriotylum is a major pathogen infecting ginger（Zingiber officinale） rhizomes in China with symptoms of Pythium soft rot（PSR） *** is an important crop with global production estimated at approximately three million metric tonnes with about 20% of this production in *** genome of a relatively highly virulent *** strain isolated from an infected ginger rhizome was *** genome encodes one of the largest repertoires of pathogenesis-related genesamongst Pythium species,and the expansion in these genes appears to be due to tandem *** the putative effectors,a subset of the NEP1-like toxin protein（NLP） effectors was highly upregulated during the infection of ginger leaves,and can induce necrosis in *** *** oomycete biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum as well as Trichoderma *** control PSR of ginger caused by ***-transcriptomic analysis of the interaction between *** and highlighted potential defensive responses of *** such as the upregulation of protease inhibitors and *** genome highlights the potential of the large repertoire of pathogenesis-related genes to contribute to the broad host range of ***,and biocontrol by *** of PSR of ginger is a promising strategy.

关键词： PSR Pythium myriotylum Pythium oligandrum Genome

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 463-490页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Alan J.L.Phillips Diana Santos Pereira Dong-Qin Dai AndréAptroot Josiane S.Monteiro irina S.druzhinina Feng Cai Xinlei Fan Laura Selbmann Claudia Coleine Rafael F.Castañeda-Ruiz Martin Kukwa Adam Flakus Patricia Oliveira Fiuza Paul M.Kirk Kunhiraman C.Rajesh Kumar Ilesha S.leperuma Arachchi Nakarin Suwannarach Li-Zhou Tang Teun Boekhout Chen Shuhui Tan R.P.Prabath K.Jayasinghe Marco Thines Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Section of Genetics Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social CareNo:393/3Lily AvenueOff Robert Gunawardane MawathaBattaramulla 10120Sri Lanka Faculdade de Ciências Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)Universidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Laboratório de Botânica/Liquenologia Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAvenida Costa e Silva S/NBairro UniversitárioCampo GrandeMS CEP 79070-900Brazil Coordination of Botany Museu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémPA 66077830Brazil Fungal Genomics Laboratory(FungiG) College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityWeigang 1Nanjing 210095JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of TusciaViterboItaly Italian National Antarctic Museum(MNA) Mycological SectionGenoaItaly Alejandro de Humboldt’(INIFAT) Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en AgriculturaTropicalSantiago de Las VegasHavanaCuba Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Faculty of BiologyUniversity of GdańskWita Stwosza 5980-308 GdańskPoland W.Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of SciencesLubicz 4631-512 KrakowPoland Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte(UFRN) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e EvoluçãoCentro de BiociênciasCampus UniversitárioAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Lagoa NovaNatalRN 59078-970Brazil Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis Jodrell LaboratoryRoyal Botanic GardensKewRichmond TW93DSSurreyUK National Fungal Culture Collection of India(NFCCI) Biodiversity and Palaeobiology GroupMACS Agharkar Research InstituteG.G.

Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notorious plant and animal *** addition,they have a key role in food production,biotechnology and *** without or rare sexual reproduction are distinguished based on their sporulating structures and conidiomata in traditional morphology-based *** number,variation and diversity of asexually reproducing taxa are insufficiently known,even though fungi capable of asexual reproduction may provide an untapped,rich biological resource for future ***,ca.30,000 asexual species belonging to ca.3800 genera have been reported(including 1388 coelomycetous and 2265 hyphomycetous genera).Recent reports(2017–2020)reiterate that the number of asexually producing fungi is higher than the number of frequently sexually-reproducing *** the advent of molecular tools and the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system for pleomorphic fungi,priority criteria were established and revisited in the latest outline of fungi and fungus-like ***,species numbers and taxonomic boundaries of pleomorphic taxa and their synanamorphs or synasexual morphs have yet to be *** number of species of speciose genera(***,Aspergillus,Cercospora,Fusarium,Phoma and Pseudocercospora),cryptic species,species of pleomorphic genera,less studied life modes(such as lichenicolous taxa,taxa from extreme environments)and species from biodiversity-rich areas still need evaluation to achieve more reliable estimates of their *** paper discusses the current knowledge on the matter,with diversity estimates,and potential obstacles in several chapters on(1)speciose genera;(2)pleomorphic genera;(3)cryptic species;(4)well-studied but insufficiently resolved taxa,*** inhabiting species,marine fungi,(5)less studied life modes,e.g.

关键词： Cryptic species DNA sequences Morphology Pleomorphism Speciose genera Species identificat

Bayesian inference towards the resolution of molecular evolution: application to the “Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato” clade

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2004年第4期30卷 458-458页

作者： druzhinina I S Kubicek C P Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Institute of Chemical Engineering TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/1665 A-1060 Wien AustriaResearch Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Institute of Chemical Engineering TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/1665 A-1060 Wien Austria

The Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species aggregate contains a group of taxa (H. lixii /T. harzianum, T. aggressivum, T. tomentosum, T. cerinum, T. velutinum, H. tawa) of which some (e.g. T. harzianum) are important for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, whereas others are aggressive pathogens of Agaricus spp. and Pleurotus spp. in mushroom farms (T. aggressivum), or opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised mammals including humans (T. harzianum). We characterized the evolutionary properties of three genomic regions in Hypocrea/Trichoderma: the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and 2 of rDNA, the large intron of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1a), and a portion of the large exon of the endochitinase 42 gene (ech42), selected the best model which describes the evolution of every fragment, tested the molecular clock hypothesis and made an estimation of the usability of the combined three fragments data matrix for the phylogenetic analysis of the genus as a whole as well as on the level of the holomorphic H. lixii/T. harzianum species clade and separate clonal lineages. To this end, we applied Bayesian phylogenetic inferences to 124 sequences of ITS1 and 2 and of the large tef1a intron, and to 64 ech42 gene sequences to resolve the evolution of H. lixii/T. harzianum with respect to the position of other taxa with closely related phenotypes. The resulting phylogram clearly identified T. aggressivum, T. velutinum, H. tawa, T. cerinum and T. tomentosum as phylogenetic species, and in addition identified three new unknown phylogenetic species as members of this clade. The clear distinction between T. tomentosum and T. cerinum was not recognized in all trees, but was supported by multivariate analysis of phenotype micro arrays. In contrast, H. lixii/T. harzianum did not form a single phylogenetic species in this study, as its monophyly was not supported in any analysis. Strains morphologically identified as H. lixii or T. harzi

关键词：分子进化进化枝贝叶斯定理 rDNA 木霉属真菌

The zinc transporter ZIPT-7.1 regulates sperm activation in nematodes

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The zinc transporter ZIPT-7.1 regulates sperm activation in ...