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Towards an Eco-Efficient Development Strategy that minimises the Risks Associated with the Location of Gas Stations in Human Settlements: A Fuzzy PROmETHEE method

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第1期10卷 119-137页

作者： Samuel Batambock innocent ndoh m.ue Dieudonne Bitondo Laboratoire de Recherche Energie Matériaux Modélisation et Méthode (E3M) Douala Cameroon Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique de Douala (ENSPD) Université de Douala Douala Cameroon

Evaluating real world situations in risky environments based on various qualitative/quantitative criteria in order to suggest a strategy/policy among available options is one of the critical challenges in incident management. Such is the case when considering an eco-efficient development strategy that can minimize the risk associated with the location of gas stations in human settlements. Taking the Douala city of Cameroon as an example, four actions were evaluated, including the options of relocating the gas stations, putting in place of emergency response plan in gas stations, and relocation of households subject to a group of four criteria. Data were collected via personal communication with decision-makers using a five-point Likert scale. The market values of buildings subject to expropriation were estimated based on order No. 0082/Y. 15.1/mNUH/D of 20 November 1987 of the ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Cameroon. The financial costs incurred in establishing a gas station were an average value obtained from a sample of 80 gas stations randomly selected among those whose locations do not comply with existing regulations. These amounts were obtained from their financial records, while the value of putting in place an emergency action plan was obtained from the current market value of the equipment required. The algorithm of PROmETHEE under the usual criterion function was implemented. The results suggested that putting in place an emergency response plan could minimize relocation costs, maximize profits/welfare, and maximize environmental quality, and minimize social impacts, and was therefore considered as the most preferred alternative. Sensitivity analyses of results further confirmed that implementation of emergency response plan is the most preferred alternative.

关键词： Eco-Efficient Development Strategy PROmETHEE Criteria Alternatives

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mapping the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Route for Biodiversity Conservation Planning and monitoring:Implication for Ecosystem Health

Mapping the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Route for Biodiversity Co...

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2007中国科协年会

作者： ndoh m.ue innocent Institute of Ecology & Enviromental Science China University of Greoscience Wuhan 430074HubeiChina

Wherever a road passes development follows,and whsnever development follows,ecosystems are either threatened,or *** Chad-Cameroon pipeline,which is expected to serve for over thirty years,is no *** cuts across Cameroon’s tropical rainforest,which serves as home to the indigenous pygmy communities,and as a haven for certain rare plant and wildlife species,thus destroying and posing lots of threats to environmental characteristics/*** overlaying maps of the project area’s environmental components in GIS software,new land suitability maps and the value of environmental effects on physical, biological,social or economic environment of the current land cover,land use and forest biomuss can be *** maps are expected to reveal the environmental characteristics within the project area boundaries;analyze the trends in it,identify the factors that are causing them,reveal alternative paths to solving existing threats,the implications/consequences of decisions for conservation prioritization and planning,and for improved socioeconomic situation of the affected areas under investigation.

关键词： Environmental components Conservation planning and monitoring Land suitability maps Ecosystem health Socioeconomics Geospatial information

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GIS-Based multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for the Sustainable management of the Nkong Zem Pipe-Borne Water Network: West Region of Cameroon

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2019年第6期11卷 727-746页

作者： Elvis Kah Ngounnoun Tenkeu Therry ndoh m.ue innocent School of Geology and mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Access to potable water is a serious problem that plagues most communities in 3rd World countries. Governments to this effect have developed texts governing the water sector that often encourage local participation. Thus, in pursuance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set up after 2015 following the failure to achieve the mDGs by the UN, many countries still do not attain the set objectives today. GICABAF (A Common Initiative Group) in 2012 financed the installation of pipe-borne water network in Sa’ah Batsengl’a locality in Nkong Zem Council of West Cameroon. But the problem observed in its management is that no database was put in place to ease its management which cannot guarantee sustainability. This study proposes a computerised database to manage the water network. To conduct this study, a six months internship was carried out with GICAPBAF where GPS was used to track all the pipes and locate other phenomena. Then a set questionnaire was administered to subscribers and managers in order to understand the functioning of the network so as to propose the GIS-AWS. These data collected were then treated and analysed in a GIS software (mapInfo). The generated database was then coupled to a flow simulation model in a distribution network (Epanet) which gave rise to GIS-Epanet. This was realised through the use of plugin GHydraulics of QGis and the mapBasic language of mapInfo. This will enable present and future managers of the project to master the network thereby facilitating the detection of any malfunctioning for prompt reaction. This simply summarises the putting in place of GIS Applied to Water Supply (GIS-AWS).

关键词： model GIS GIS-AWS Epanet Sustainable management Nkong Zem West Cameroon

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Combined methods of Remote Sensing and Fieldwork in Geological and mineral Exploration in the mballe Locality, Adamawa Region of Cameroon

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Natural Resources 2020年第4期11卷 184-203页

作者： Elvis Kah ndoh m.ue innocent Zanga mani Gilles School of Geology and mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Cameroon Meiganga

much of Cameroon’s sub-surface wealth is still to be discovered and valorised. In the quest to step up the exploration of these non-renewable natural resources, many techniques are being developed amongst which we have Remote sensing. To boost mineral exploration in Cameroon, this study applied Remote sensing techniques in the mballe area in order to establish the geological and mineral wealth on thematic maps. This exploration was characterised by the treatment of Landsat satellite 8 images?coupled with intensive fieldwork. With each phase having a specific objective, results of the two activities were compiled for analysis. It was found out that of the eight rock samples collected from the field (amphibole gneiss, quartzite, schist, gneiss, granite, granodiorite, syenite and laterite), they were mainly of metamorphic and plutonic origins. These rocks project to the surface in different forms and the local population uses them in different ways. Their fractures constitute the main paths through which the hydrographic network follows. The treated satellite image showed that gold concentrated in areas where clay and laterite are found especially in the south of the mballe area. Furthermore, fieldwork also proved that this mineral concentrated at river meanders and confluences. Such a study can be applied in any locality of the country in order to boost mineral exploitation that will contribute to the GDP as the government has embarked on attaining an emerging nation by 2035.

关键词： Geological Exploration minerals Landsat GDP mballe Cameroon

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Automobile Crash Investigation Based on Vehicle System Related Causes: Systematic Literature Review

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第2期10卷 139-157页

作者： Awa Terence Achiri innocent ndoh m.ue Ayissi merlin Azeh Gerard Laboratoire de Recherche Energie Matériaux Modélisation et Méthode (E3M) Douala Cameroon Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique de Douala (ENSPD) Université de Douala Douala Cameroon

Automobile accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Every year, over 1.24 million people are killed in traffic accidents. Even though automobiles are designed to help people, they have been used to kill them in large numbers. Automobile accident research has primarily focused on past tragedies to develop and implement policies to combat this pandemic. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the different methods used to investigate the vehicle system-related cause factors of road traffic accidents. Police report reports have served as a foundation for providing historical facts about the causes of automobile accidents. It has been observed that police reports have limitations when it comes to reporting the involvement of vehicle systems in causing a traffic accident. The majority of the research was conducted on articles that investigated vehicle system risk factors using statistical data. Following articles that used statistical data to investigate vehicle system risk factors, the inclusion criteria were chosen. Articles on traffic accidents published in Cameroon were included on the condition that they studied at least one traffic accident risk factor. Two hundred twenty-five distinct records were identified, and 155 full texts were screened for inclusion, resulting in the inclusion of 25 studies in the review. According to the findings, failure to break the braking system, tyre puncture, poor driving, speeding, and overtaking are the leading causes of automobile crash reports reported by police. The majority of the study’s conclusions lamented that accusing vehicle systems was based on assumptions and the reporter’s judgment. It was determined that the use of stringent vetting procedures to investigate vehicle systems is the cause of a traffic accident. As a result, stakeholders will require accurate facts from a traffic crash investigation.

关键词： Automobile Crash Vehicle System Cameroon Traffic Accidents Traffic Injuries

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A Systematic Review of Excessive Speed monitoring and Control System for Accident Prevention on Cameroon Highways

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第1期10卷 28-39页

作者： Azeh Gerald innocent ndoh m.ue Ayissi Zacharie merlin Awa Terence Achiri Laboratoire de Recherche Energie Matériaux Modélisation et Méthodes (E3M) Douala Cameroon Ecole National Supérieure Polytechnique de Douala (ENSPD) Université de Douala Douala Cameroon

Road safety is still an important issue with road accidents among the leading causes of death accounting for more than 1.2 million fatalities and 50 million injuries globally per year. Of these casualties, speeding is a substantial contributing factor. Nowadays, speed reduction is mainly achieved through speed law enforcement measures. The review is aimed at examining the different enforcement approaches used to control and monitor excessive speeds on highways at large and particularly in Cameroon. A systematic search was performed in Science Direct, Elsevier, google scholar, scientific research, and Springer, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Pubmed databases. Furthermore, references of selected articles were reviewed to maximize the rate of articles found. The details of the research articles were generated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analysis (PRISmA) flow chart. The results show that of 658 retried articles, duplicates of 458 were excluded and 200 were screened. A total of 61 and 40 articles were screened from abstract and full pdf text respectively. Finally, 15 relevant studies were included in the study. The review revealed that the included articles on speed enforcement on the highway were limited to sanctioning defaulters for fine payments.

关键词： Excessive Speed Speed Enforcement Billing and Payment Violated Vehicle

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Empirical Evidence of Natural Shocks, Risk Perceptions and Resilience from Cameroon

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第12期2卷 1344-1355页

作者： Roland Azibo Balgah innocent ndoh m.ue Gertrud Buchenrieder moses Tita mogho Njoya Faculty of Sciences University of Bamenda P.O. Box 39 Bamenda Cameroon Post doctoral research fellow P.O. Box 5044 Nkwen Bamenda NWR Cameroon Institute of Agricultural and Nutrition Sciences Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (IAEW) Halle (Saale) 06099 Germany Faculty of Industrial Engineering University of Douala BP 2701 Douala Cameroon

Invariably, it is the poorest of the poor who are mostly affected by perverse disasters, policies and laws. A major concern in disaster research is to explore the relationship between shock experiences and victims＇ perceptions of risk, as well as their possible effect on victims＇ behavior for resilience and adaptation. We explore this relationship on victimized households of the 1986 Lake Nyos disaster, employing a quasi-experimental design. matching was done with non-affected households. Both groups affected and non-affected households were of adequate size, and subject to the same questionnaire. Selection of （470） test and matching households was purposely limited to nine of the ten towns accommodating both survivors and non survivors of the examined disaster. A list constructed with traditional rulers in each village allowed for random sampling of non victims for comparative analysis. We then compare households affected by the disaster with those who were not. The results reveal differentiated perceptions of risk and management behavior contingent on whether households experienced the shock or not. However, solidarity and reciprocity remained extremely high and not significantly different amongst both household types, suggesting resilience of endogenous, informal risk response mechanisms to natural shocks. The article concludes that analyzing risk perceptions can help explain why some individuals, households or communities may be resilient to shocks and others not. We argue for a combination of subjective perceptions and objective shock analysis, especially if the analyst hopes to influence policy.

关键词： Natural shocks risk perceptions resilience Lake Nyos Cameroon.

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Inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria influenced corrosion on hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane)coatings

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2020年第17期52卷 198-206页

作者： innocent O.Arukalam C.N.Njoku Lihui Yang Baorong Hou Ying Li Corrosion and Protection Division Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Shenyang National Laboratory for materials Science Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering Federal University of TechnologyP.M.B.1526 Owerri Nigeria Key Laboratory of marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Open Studio for marine Corrosion and Protection Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Advanced Functional materials/Corrosion Research Group Africa Centre of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical Systems(ACE-FUELS)Federal University of Technology Owerri(FUTO)Nigeria

Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)has been pointed out as one of the causative agents of microbial induced corrosion in the marine *** address this problem,novel strategies are being experimented as against the earlier methods which have been banned due to their toxic effects on useful aquatic ***,the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-toxic perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane(PFDTS)on resistance of hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane)/phosphoric acid-treated zinc oxide(PDmS/PA-treated ZnO)coatings to SRB-induced biofouling and *** surface features of the coatings before and after exposure to SRB/NaCl solution were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEm).Wettability of the coatings before and after exposure was also *** interaction of SRB with the coatings was investigated by FTIR *** resistance performance of the modified coatings against SRB-induced corrosion was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The EIS measurements revealed that 0.20 g PFDTS-based coating displayed highest corrosion resistance with impedance modulus of 6.301×10^10 after 15 d of exposure to SRB/NaCl *** results were corroborated by surface and chemical interaction analyses,and thus,indicate that 0.20 g PFDTSmodified PDmS/PA-treated ZnO coating has potentials for excellent SRB-induced corrosion resistance and anti-biofouling performance.

关键词： Corrosion Hydrophobic coating Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Sulfate-reducing bacteria

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Lignin-based carbon fibers: Formation, modification and potential applications

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第4期7卷 578-605页

作者： Shichao Wang Jixing Bai mugaanire Tendo innocent Qianqian Wang Hengxue Xiang Jianguo Tang meifang Zhu Institute of Hybrid materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China State Key Laboratory for modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China

As an aromatic polymer in nature, lignin has recently attracted gross attention because of its advantages of high carbon content, low cost and bio-renewability. However, most lignin is directly burnt for power generation to satisfy the energy demand of the pulp mills. As a result, only a handful of isolated lignin is used as a raw material. Thus, increasing value addition on lignin to expand its scope of applications is currently a challenge demanding immediate attention. many efforts have been made in the valorization of lignin, including the preparation of precursors for carbon fibers. However, its complex structure and diversity significantly restrict the spinnability of lignin. In this review, we provide elaborate knowledge on the preparation of lignin-based carbon fibers ranging from the relationships among chemical structures, formation conditions and properties of fibers, to their potential applications. Specifically, control procedures for different spinning methods of lignin, including melt spinning, solution spinning and electrospinning, together with stabilization and carbonization are deeply discussed to provide an overall understanding towards the formation of lignin-based carbon fibers. We also offer perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future development of lignin-based carbon fibers.

关键词： Lignin-based carbon fiber melt spinning Solution spinning Electrospinning

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Nauclea latifolia aqueous leaf extract eliminates hepatic and cerebral Plasmodium berghei parasite in experimental mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 538-543页

作者： innocent Onyesom Ejovi Osioma Precious Chiamaka Okereke Department of medical Biochemistry Delta State University African Research Laboratories Otorho Agbon (Isiokolo)Ethiope East Delta State Nigeria

Objective: To assess the effects of hot water leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation values and parasite levels in hepatic and brain tissue of experimental mice(BALB/c) infected with Plasmodium berghei(P. berghei) ***: Forty nine mice were divided into seven groups(n = 7) and used for the study. Group A(control) were given 0.2 m L/kg phosphate buffer saline; Group B mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with phosphate buffer saline. Groups C and D mice were also infected but treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of leaf extract respectively. Groups E and F mice were not infected, but received 200 and 300 mg/kg of leaf extract respectively. Group G mice were infected and treated with chloroquine(5 mg/kg). Liver and brain tissues of mice were prepared for both biochemical assay and microscopic examination. Results: Results showed that P. berghei malaria infection induced oxidative stress in both liver and brain tissues as evidenced by the significant(P mutase, reduced glutathione and catalase. These reductions perhaps caused compromise in membrane integrity as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation product malondialdhyde. malaria parasites were also identified in these tissues. However, N. latifolia treatment eliminated the parasites in tissues and protected them from oxidative damage even better than chloroquine treatment did, whose anti-malarial potency also cleared tissue parasites. The measurement of protection by N. latifolia against damage was strengthened by the insignificant micro structural ***: The bioactive phytochemical(s) in N. latifolia should be structured and the mechanism(s) of its antimalarial tendency should be further investigated.

关键词： Nuclea latifolia Plasmodium berghei Oxidative damage Cerebral malaria Antioxidative status

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