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Socioecological drivers facilitating biodiversity conservation in traditional farming landscapes

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第9期1卷 8-17页

作者： ine dorresteijn Jacqueline Loos Jan Hanspach Joern Fischer Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana University LuneburgScharnhorststraße 121335 LuneburgGermany

Traditional farming landscapes have evolved as tightly coupled socioecological systems that support high ***,land-use change severely threatens the high biodiversity of these *** nature conservation in such landscapes requires a thorough understanding of the key drivers underpinning *** empirical research on mammals,birds,butterflies,and plants in a traditional cultural landscape in Romania,we revealed seven hypothesized drivers facilitating biodiversity *** proportions of three main land-use types support the landscape species pool,most likely through habitat connectivity and frequent spillover between land-use *** complementation and supplementation provide additional habitat for species outside their core *** of woody vegetation cover and gradients in land-cover heterogeneity provide mosaic landscapes with wide ranges of *** land-use practices underpin landscape heterogeneity,traditional land-use elements such as wood pastures,and human-carnivore ***-down predator control may limit herbivore ***,cultural ties between humans and nature have a central influence on people’s values and sustainable use of natural *** approaches should aim to maintain or restore these socioecological drivers by targeting the heterogeneous character of the forest-farmland mosaic at large scales through"broad and shallow"conservation *** large-scale measures should be complemented with"deep and narrow"conservation measures addressing specific land-use types,threats,or *** both cases,conservation measures should integrate the entire socioecological system,by recognizing and strengthening important links between people and the environment.

关键词： countryside biogeography coupled human and natural systems cultural landscapes human–environment systems landscape ecology resilience Romania Special Feature:Ecosystem Management in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe Transylvania

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Functional diversity and trait composition of butterfly and bird communities in farmlands of Central Romania

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第10期1卷 17-25页

作者： Jan Hanspach Jacqueline Loos ine dorresteijn Henrik vonWehrden Cosmin Ioan Moga Alin David Leuphana University Faculty of SustainabilityScharnhorststrasse 121335 LueneburgGermany Leuphana University Center for MethodsScharnhorststrasse 121335 LueneburgGermany Educational-Ecological Association Ecotransilvania Tabacarilor 11A545400 SighisoaraRomania Department of Taxonomy and Ecology Babes-Bolyai UniversityClinicilor Strada 5-7400006 Cluj-NapocaRomania

Cultural landscapes all over the world harbor species communities that are taxonomically and functionally *** Eastern Europe,but also in many other regions of the world,the conservation of this farmland biodiversity is threatened by land use intensification and *** order to counteract the negative effects of land use change in such landscapes,a thorough understanding of the functional relationships between species and their environment is *** this study,we investigated the relationship of functional traits of butterfly and bird communities and environmental conditions in 120 sites in traditional farmlands of southern Transylvania,***,we compared taxonomic diversity(i.e.,Shannon diversity)with functional diversity(i.e.,functional dispersion),and second,we linked species traits to environmental variables by performing RLQ *** traits indicating reproduction,movement,and feeding behavior related with environmental variables describing heterogeneity,amount of woody vegetation,and topography at three different spatial *** found positive relationships between taxonomic and functional diversity,as well as strong linkages between species traits and environmental conditions for both ***,butterfly composition was most strongly influenced by land use type and life-history *** composition was most strongly related to the amount of woody vegetation and nesting and foraging *** conclude that maintaining the typical features of traditional farming landscapes,especially a small-scale heterogeneity in arable land and gradients of woody vegetation cover,would be desirable in order to sustain a high functional diversity in southern Transylvania in the future.

关键词： agricultural intensification bird communities butterfly communities farmland heterogeneity land abandonment low-intensive agriculture RLQ analysis Transylvania,Romania

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