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Body-Shaping Membrane to Regenerate Breast Fat by Elastic Structural Holding

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 165-180页

作者： Hye-Seon Kim Jeongeun Park Hyun-Su Ha Sewoom Baek Chan hee lee Kyubae lee Suji Park Jueun Kim Se Won Yi Hak-Joon Sung Department of Medical Engineering Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea TMD LAB Co.Ltd. 6th Floor31Gwangnaru-ro 8-gilSeongdong-guSeoul 04799Republic of Korea

Tissue regeneration requires structural holding and movement support using tissue-type-specific aids such as bone casts,skin bandages,and joint protectors.Currently,an unmet need exists in aiding breast fat regeneration as the breast moves following continuous body motion by exposing the breast fat to dynamic stresses.Here,the concept of elastic structural holding is applied to develop a shape-fitting moldable membrane for breast fat regeneration(“adipoconductive”)after surgical defects are made.The membrane has the following key characteristics:(a)It contains a panel of honeycomb structures,thereby efficiently handling motion stress through the entire membrane;(b)a strut is added into each honeycomb in a direction perpendicular to gravity,thereby suppressing the deformation and stress concentration upon lying and standing;and(c)thermo-responsive moldable elastomers are used to support structural holding by suppressing large deviations of movement that occur sporadically.The elastomer became moldable upon a temperature shift above T_(m).The structure can then be fixed as the temperature decreases.As a result,the membrane promotes adipogenesis by activating mechanotransduction in a fat miniature model with pre-adipocyte spheroids under continuous shaking in vitro and in a subcutaneous implant placed on the motion-prone back areas of rodents in vivo.

关键词： thereby shaking Elastic

Methane Emission from Rice Fields:Necessity for Molecular Approach for Mitigation

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 159-178页

作者： Sujeevan RAJENDRAN Hyeonseo PARK Jiyoung KIM Soon Ju PARK Dongjin SHIN Jong-hee lee Young Hun SONG Nam-Chon PAEK Chul Min KIM Department of Horticulture Industry Wonkwang UniversityIksan 54538Korea Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Southern Area Crop Science National Institute of Crop ScienceMiryang 50424Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Anthropogenic methane emissions are a leading cause of the increase in global averagetemperatures,often referred to as global warming.Flooded soils play a significant role in methaneproduction,where the anaerobic conditions promote the production of methane by methanogenicmicroorganisms.Rice fields contribute a considerable portion of agricultural methane emissions,as riceplants provide both factors that enhance and limit methane production.Rice plants harbor both methaneproducingand methane-oxidizing microorganisms.Exudates from rice roots provide source for methaneproduction,while oxygen delivered from the root aerenchyma enhances methane oxidation.Studies haveshown that the diversity of these microorganisms depends on rice cultivars with some genes characterizedas harboring specific groups of microorganisms related to methane emissions.However,there is still aneed for research to determine the balance between methane production and oxidation,as rice plantspossess the ability to regulate net methane production.Various agronomical practices,such as fertilizerand water management,have been employed to mitigate methane emissions.Nevertheless,studiescorrelating agronomic and chemical management of methane with productivity are limited.Moreover,evidences for breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties are scattered largely due to the absence ofcoordinated breeding programs.Research has indicated that phenotypic characteristics,such as rootbiomass,shoot architecture,and aerenchyma,are highly correlated with methane emissions.This reviewdiscusses available studies that involve the correlation between plant characteristics and methaneemissions.It emphasizes the necessity and importance of breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties inaddition to existing agronomic,biological,and chemical practices.The review also delves into the idealphenotypic and physiological characteristics of low-methane-emitting rice and potential breeding techniques,drawing from studies conducted with diverse varieties,mutants,and transgenic p

关键词： methane emission rice breeding aerenchyma greenhouse gas radial oxygen loss

Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy

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Bone Research 2021年第2期9卷 143-152页

作者： Ji-Won lee In-hee lee Tadahiro Iimura Sek Won Kong Department of Nephrology Transplant Research ProgramBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115USA Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8586Japan Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Tissue-resident macrophages are highly specialized to their tissue-specific microenvironments,activated by various inflammatory signals and modulated by genetic and environmental factors.Osteoclasts and microglia are distinct tissue-resident cells of the macrophage lineage in bone and brain that are responsible for pathological changes in osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease(AD),respectively.Osteoporosis is more frequently observed in individuals with AD compared to the prevalence in general population.Diagnosis of AD is often delayed until underlying pathophysiological changes progress and cause irreversible damages in structure and function of brain.As such earlier diagnosis and intervention of individuals at higher risk would be indispensable to modify clinical courses.Pleiotropy is the phenomenon that a genetic variant affects multiple traits and the genetic correlation between two traits could suggest a shared molecular mechanism.In this review,we discuss that the Pyk2-mediated actin polymerization pathway in osteoclasts and microglia in bone and brain,respectively,is the horizontal pleiotropic mediator of shared risk factors for osteoporosis and AD.

关键词： diagnosis osteoporosis osteoclast

Clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for gastric cancer in the era of immunology

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第7期9卷 293-299页

作者： Byung Woog Kang Jong Gwang Kim in hee lee Han Ik Bae An Na Seo Department of Hematology/Oncology Kyungpook National University Hospital Kyungpook National University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Kyungpook National University Hospital Kyungpook National University School of Medicine

Immunotherapy has begun to revolutionize cancer treatment, by introducing therapies that target the host immune system instead of the tumor, therapies that possess unique adverse event profiles, and therapies that may cure certain types of cancer. The immune microenvironment of tumors is emerging as the most important means of understanding the relationship between a patient' immune system and their cancer, informing prognosis, and guiding immunotherapy, such as an antibody blockade of immune checkpoints. For some solid tumors, simple quantitation of lymphocyte infiltration would seem to have prognostic significance, suggesting that lymphocyte infiltration is not passive but may actively promote or inhibit tumor growth. For gastric cancers, several studies have provided strong evidence that immune cells contribute to determining prognosis. However, the exact role of immune cells in gastric cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this review focuses on the clinical significance of immune cells, especially tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in gastric cancer.

关键词： Gastric cancer Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes Immunotherapy

Comparative analyses of the venom components in the salivary gland transcriptomes and saliva proteomes of some heteropteran insects

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 411-429页

作者： Kyungjae Andrew Yoon Woo-Jin Kim Seungki lee hee-Sun Yang Byoung-hee lee Si Hyeock lee Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea EntoCode Co. SeoulKorea National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research ComplexIncheonKorea Department of Agricultural Biology Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea

Salivary gland-specific transcriptomes of nine heteropteran insects with distinct feeding strategies (predaceous, hematophagous, and phytophagous) were analyzed and annotated to compare and identify the venom components as well as their expression profiles. The transcriptional abundance of venom genes was verified via quantitative real-time PCR. Hierarchical clustering of 30 representative differentially expressed venom genes from the nine heteropteran species revealed unique groups of salivary gland-specific genes depending on their feeding strategy. The commonly transcribed genes included a paralytic neurotoxin (arginine kinase), digestive enzymes (cathepsin and serine protease), an anti-inflammatory protein (cystatin), hexamerin, and an odorant binding protein. Both predaceous and hematophagous (bed bug) heteropteran species showed relatively higher transcription levels of genes encoding proteins involved in proteolysis and cytolysis, whereas phytophagous heteropterans exhibited little or no expression of these genes, but had a high expression of vitellogenin, a multifunctional allergen. Saliva proteomes from four representative species were also analyzed. All venom proteins identified via saliva proteome analysis were annotated using salivary gland transcriptome data. The proteomic expression profiles of venom proteins were in good agreement with the salivary gland-specific transcriptomic profiles. Our results indicate that profiling of the salivary gland transcriptome provides important information on the composition and evolutionary features of venoms depending on their feeding strategy.

关键词： hematophagous heteroptera phytophagous predaceous proteome analysis salivary gland-specific venom transcriptome analysis

2D material inorganic liquid crystals for tunable deep UV light modulation

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 62-63页

作者： Young hee lee Department of Energy Science and Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics Institute for Basic Science Sungkyunkwan University

Modulation of light refers to the modulation of electromagnetic radiation in the optical region including visible light as well as ultraviolet and infrared radiation,in which the amplitude (and therefore the intensity),phase,frequency or polarization of the radiated oscillations can be changed [1].Optical modulator devices are widely used in industry,as represented by liquid crystal optical modulators having an annual global market worth of over US$100 billion.Currently,

关键词： EXFOLIATION

Enhancing ammonia production rates from electrochemical nitrogen reduction by engineering three-phase boundary with phosphorus-activated Cu catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第9期84卷 394-401页

作者： Jeehye Kim Cho hee lee Yong Hyun Moon Min hee lee Eun Hyup Kim Sun hee Choi Youn Jeong Jang Jae Sung lee School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Electrochemical N_(2) reduction reaction(eNRR) over Cu-based catalysts suffers from an intrinsically low activity of Cu for activation of stable N_(2) molecules and the limited supply of N_(2) to the catalyst due to its low solubility in aqueous electrolytes.Herein,we propose phosphorus-activated Cu electrocatalysts to generate electron-deficient Cu sites on the catalyst surface to promote the adsorption of N_(2) molecules.The eNRR system is further modified using a gas diffusion electrode(GDE) coated with polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) to form an effective three-phase boundary of liquid water-gas N_(2)-solid catalyst to facilitate easy access of N_(2) to the catalytic sites.As a result,the new catalyst in the flow-type cell records a Faradaic efficiency of 13.15% and an NH_(3) production rate of 7.69 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2) at-0.2 V_(RHE),which represent 3.56 and 59.2 times increases from those obtained with a pristine Cu electrode in a typical electrolytic cell.This work represents a successful demonstration of dual modification strategies;catalyst modification and N_(2) supplying system engineering,and the results would provide a useful platform for further developments of electrocatalysts and reaction systems.

关键词： Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction Ammonia production Phosphorous modified copper electrodes Gas diffusion electrodes Three-phase boundary PTFE coating

Difference in extrusion temperature dependences of microstructure and mechanical properties between extruded AZ61 and AZ91 alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第5期11卷 1683-1696页

作者： Dong hee lee Gyo Myeong lee Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

The effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure and tensile properties of extruded AZ61 and AZ91 alloys are investigated by subjecting them to hot extrusion at 300 and 400℃.Although the average grain size of the extruded AZ61 alloy slightly increases from 9.5 to 12.6μm with increasing extrusion temperature,its resultant microstructural variation is insignificant.In contrast,the average grain size of the extruded AZ91 alloy significantly increases from 5.7 to 22.5μm with increasing extrusion temperature,and the type of Mg17Al12 precipitates formed in it changes from fine dynamic precipitates with a spherical shape to coarse static precipitates with a lamellar structure.As the extrusion temperature increases,the tensile yield strength of the extruded AZ61 alloy increases from 183 to 197 MPa while that of the extruded AZ91 alloy decreases from 232 to 224 MPa.The tensile elongations of the extruded AZ61 and AZ91 alloys decrease with increasing extrusion temperature,but the degree of decrease is significant in the latter alloy.These different extrusion temperature dependences of the tensile properties of the extruded AZ61 and AZ91 alloys are discussed in terms of their microstructural characteristics,strengthening mechanisms,and crack initiation sites.

关键词： Mg-Al-Zn alloys Extrusion temperature Precipitation Strengthening mechanism Tensile properties

Case mistaken for leukemia after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第33期10卷 12268-12277页

作者： Seul Bi lee Chi Young Park Sang-Gon Park hee Jeong lee Department of Internal Medicine Hemato-oncologyChosun University HospitalGwangju 501-717South Korea

BACKGROUND Following the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),unlike other vaccines,COVID-19 vaccines were developed and commercialized in a relatively short period of time.The large-scale administration of this vaccine in a short time-period led to various unexpected side effects,including severe cytopenia and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome.Despite many reports on adverse reactions,vaccination was necessary to prevent the spread of COVID-19;thus,it is essential to understand and discuss various cases of adverse reactions after vaccination.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old woman was administered the second dose of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.After vaccination she experienced fever,myalgia,and weakness.Antibiotics were subsequently administered for several days,but there was no improvement in the symptoms.The patient showed severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis.Thoracic and abdominopelvic computed tomography showed no infection related findings,but splenomegaly and cirrhotic liver features were observed.A large number of immature cells were observed in the peripheral blood smear;thus,bone marrow examination was performed for acute leukemia.However,there were no abnormalities.The patient recovered after administration of hepatotoxins and transfusion treatment for cytopenia and was diagnosed with an adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccination.CONCLUSION Adverse reactions of vaccination could be mistaken for hematologic malignancies including leukemia.We report a patient with leukocytosis following COVID-19 vaccination.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA Leukocytosis Adverse reaction Case report