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Application of Trichoderma harzianum in the control of basal stem rot of oil palms

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2004年第4期30卷 391-391页

作者： Abdullah F ilias G N M Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

The palm, elaeis guineensis, has its origins in Africa but is planted on a commercial basis in several countries. Statistics for 2002 showed that in the lead for land mass under oil palm cultivation is Indonesia, at 3,769,000. ha, followed by Malaysia at 3,376,000. ha; however, the world’s leading producer of palm oil is still Malaysia, since the 1970’s. Both countries are predicted to produce 82.4% of the world’s palm oil production by the year 2005. However, the palm is susceptible to basal stem rot, a devastating disease which results in direct loss of field stands and to which no effective chemical control is yet available. Caused by Ganoderma boninense, infected palms appear symptomless, at the first sign of disease, at least 50% of the internal trunk tissue stem would have actually rotted. This study investigated the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as a biological control agent, using 6-month old oil palm seedlings as models and the experiment performed in a greenhouse at 29- 30 ℃. ambient conditions. The plants were artificially infected with G. boninense and a conidial suspension of 1×109-9×109 spores/mL was applied as a soil drench at 1L/plant every 2 weeks for 20 weeks. The parameters examined were efficacy of the biocontrol agent and the effect of Trichoderma- incorporated mulch in addition to the soil drench. efficacy was assessed in terms disease severity index (DSI) where a higher percentage indicates a higher severity. Results showed that infection first sets in on untreated plants at week 12 and got worse progressively. The completely untreated plants were all infected and the DSI at 20 weeks after infection (wa.i.) was 92.5%. Plants given only a Trichoderma -infused food base supplement without conidial suspension gave a DSI of 70% whereas those given a conidial soil drench without supplemental food base gave a DSI of 85% at 20 w.a.i. Infected plants given a conidial treatment together with a food base supplement gave a DSI of 5%

关键词：油棕榈茎腐病生物防治病害木霉素

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The electricity Market Structure in Greece and the Paradox of Renewable energy Sources

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Journal of Power and energy engineering 2019年第4期7卷 1-26页

作者： ilias G. Doulos Nikolas M. Katsoulakos Dimitris C. Kaliampakos Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center National Technical University of Athens Greece School of Mining and Metallurgical engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

The european Union, in an effort to boost the use of Renewable energy Sources (ReS) in power generation, applies supportive tools consisting in financial motivation either as grants or as subsidies. According to welfare economics, a subsidy should reflect the external benefits;otherwise a distortion of competition takes place. The most widespread method to calculate externalities is the avoided cost approach, despite the fact that it encounters equally all the ReS units leading to technological neutrality. In the present article, the avoided cost approach with the objective social justification of ReS subsidies/feed in tariffs (FITs) in the case of Greece, for the year 2014, is applied. The results show a high gap between the current FITs and the suggested ones amounting to approximately 40%. This uncomfortable outcome indicates that, at least in the case of Greece, either the level of the current guaranteed tariffs is not socially justified, or the CO2 value derived from the european carbon market does not reflect the real social cost, or that the avoided cost method, alone, is not adequate to explain the level of subsidies. In light of the foregoing, the need for the development of a concrete and integrated methodology for calculating all ReS externalities emerges.

关键词： Renewable energy Feed in Tariff Avoided Cost Welfare economics Pricing externalities

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Catalyzing Singlet Fission by Transition Metals:Second versus Third Row effects

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第9期1卷 555-564页

作者： Yuxuan Hou ilias Papadopoulos Yifan Bo Anna-Sophie Wollny Michael J.Ferguson Lukas A.Mai Rik R.Tykwinski Dirk M.Guldi Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2G2Canada Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy&Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials(ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringCenter for Molecular Systems(CMS)Kyushu University744 Moto-okaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

The synthesis and characterization of platinum(II)and palladium(II)complexes bearing two(dimers Pt(L_(pc))_(2)Cl_(2)and Pd(L_(pc))_(2)Cl_(2)),one(monomers Pt(L_(pc))(L_(ref))Cl_(2)and Pd(L_(pc))(L_(ref))-Cl_(2)),or no(reference compounds Pt(L_(ref))_(2)Cl_(2)and Pd(L_(ref))_(2)Cl_(2))pentacene-based pyridyl ligands are *** properties of the dimers are probed by means of steady-state and time-resolved transient absorption measurements in compar-ison to the monomer and model *** results document that despite enhanced spin−orbit coupling from the presence of heavy atoms,intramolecular singlet fission(iSF)is not challenged by intersystem *** thus yields correlated triplet pairs and even uncorrelated triplet excited states upon ***,significant separation of the two pentacenyl groups facilitates decoupling of the two ***,the mechanism of iSF is altered depending on the respective metal center,that is,Pt(II)versus Pd(II).The dimer based on Pt(II),Pt(L_(pc))2Cl_(2),exhibits a direct pathway for the iSF and forms a correlated triplet pair with singlet−quintet spin-mixing within 10 ns in variable *** the other hand,the dimer based on Pd(II),Pd(L_(pc))_(2)Cl_(2),leads to charge transfer mixing during the population of the correlated triplet pair that is dependent on solvent ***,Pd(L_(pc))_(2)Cl_(2)gives rise to a stable equilibrium between singlet and quintet correlated triplet pairs with lifetimes of up to 170 *** differences in the size and polarizability,when contrasting platinum(II)with palladium(II),are the most likely rationale for the underlying trends.

关键词： metal complexes singlet fission pentacene dimers ultrafast spectroscopy electronic coupling

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Using AC Conductivity Measurements to Study the Influence of Mechanical Stress on the Strength of Geomaterials

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 61-65页

作者： ilias Stavrakas Kostantinos Moutzouris Kostantinos Ninos Nikos Mitritsakis Zacharias Agioutantis Dimos Triantis Department of electronics Technological Educational Institute of Athens Athens Greece Department of Mineral Resources engineering Technical University of Crete Chania Greece

The Dielectric Spectroscopy technique is a tool that can be used to provide information regarding the physical and chemical properties of materials. In this work Dielectric Spectroscopy (DS) measurements were conducted on marble specimens that were previously subjected to uniaxial compressive stress up to fracture in order to investigate the influence of the mechanical stress on the dielectric properties of the specimens. Specifically, the ac conductivity (σac) was measured when an ac electric field in the frequency range 1 kHz - 1 MHz was applied upon dry and saturated specimens which were subjected successively to higher levels of mechanical stress. The experimental results indicate that there are systematic variations in the values of the ac conductivity after each stress application at a higher stress level. Such variations become more intense at higher stress values and can be used to indicate the upcoming fracture since significant increase of conductivity is recorded when microcracks formations appear and propagate in the sample bulk.

关键词： AC Conductivity Measurements Marble Mechanical Load

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2015年第1期5卷 31-40页

作者： Maria Kazaki ilias Georgalas Alexandros Damanakis Georgios Labiris Sergios Taliantzis Chryssanthi Koutsandrea Dimitris Papaconstantinou Department of Glaucoma University of Athens Athens Greece Department of Ophthalmology University of Alexandroupolis Alexandroupolis Greece

Purpose: To evaluate the quality of life related to vision (QoL) in patients with ocular hypertension under treatment. Methods: The study included two groups. The first one consisted of 60 ocular hypertension patients under topical hypotensive medications and the second one of 60 healthy persons. The Greek language version of the National eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NeI VFQ-25) was completed by all patients. Results: The median scores of the total score and also for almost all the NeI VFQ-25 subscales were significantly decreased for the first group of ocular hypertension patients (OHT) under topical therapy. Females presented higher QoL than that of males. The patients who used one medication presented higher QoL than that of the patients who used more than one. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the intraocular pressure (IOP) were significantly correlated with QoL. The index of the visual fields, pattern standard deviation (PSD), was significantly related to the quality of life of OHT. The age, the cup to disk ratio and the central corneal thickness had also significant correlations with subscales of the QoL. Conclusions: The quality of life OHT patients under topical treatment is significantly decreased than healthy persons. Male sex and the number of medications affect QoL more. BCVA and IOP represent the clinical findings that best correlate with several subscales of QoL. PSD is a significant index that correlates well with the quality of life of OHT patients.

关键词： Intraocular Pressure Ocular Hypertension Quality of Life VFQ-25

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Nondestructive Testing electrical Methods for Sensing Damages in Cement Mortar Beams

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 50-55页

作者： Charalampos Stergiopoulos ilias Stavrakas George Hloupis Antonios Kyriazopoulos Dimos Triantis Cimon Anastasiadis John Stonham Department of electronics Technological Educational Institute of Athens Athens Greece School of engineering and Design Brunel University Brunel United Kingdom

This paper discusses the experimental results of concurrently measured electrical and Acoustic emissions in order to evaluate the mechanical health status of cement mortar beams subjected to three-point bending mechanical tests. In particular, the electrical Resistance and the electrical Current emissions are recorded concurrent with Acoustic emissions and the experimental results are discussed under the concept of crack initiation and propagation processes. For the first time, the electrodes that are used for conducting the measurements are placed in the bulk of the specimen, near the tensile zone, during its preparation. The damage evolution is examined by monitoring the fractional change of the electrical Resistance and the variation of the electrical Current in combination with the Acoustic emission recordings.

关键词： Non-Destructive Testing electrical Resistance Acoustic and electrical Current emissions Cement

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Arrhythmic risk stratification in ischemic,non-ischemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:A two-step multifactorial,electrophysiology study inclusive approach

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第3期14卷 139-151页

作者： Petros Arsenos Konstantinos A Gatzoulis Dimitrios Tsiachris Polychronis Dilaveris Skevos Sideris ilias Sotiropoulos Stefanos Archontakis Christos-Konstantinos Antoniou Athanasios Kordalis Ioannis Skiadas Konstantinos Toutouzas Charalambos Vlachopoulos Dimitrios Tousoulis Konstantinos Tsioufis First Department of Cardiology National and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippokration HospitalAthens 11527AttikaGreece Athens Heart Center Athens Medical CenterAthens 15125AttikaGreece Department of Cardiology Hippokration HospitalAthens 11527AttikaGreece Fifth Department of Cardiology Hygeia HospitalMarousi 15123AttikaGreece

Annual arrhythmic sudden cardiac death ranges from 0.6%to 4%in ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM),1%to 2%in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy(NICM),and 1%in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Towards a more effective arrhythmic risk stratification(ARS)we hereby present a two-step ARS with the usage of seven non-invasive risk factors:Late potentials presence(≥2/3 positive criteria),premature ventricular contractions(≥30/h),non-sustained ventricular tachycardia(≥1episode/24 h),abnormal heart rate turbulence(onset≥0%and slope≤2.5 ms)and reduced deceleration capacity(≤4.5 ms),abnormal T wave alternans(≥65μV),decreased heart rate variability(SDNNed QT_(c)interval(>440 ms in males and>450 ms in females)which reflect the arrhythmogenic mechanisms for the selection of the intermediate arrhythmic risk patients in the first *** the second step,these intermediate-risk patients undergo a programmed ventricular stimulation(PVS)for the detection of inducible,truly high-risk ICM and NICM patients,who will benefit from an implantable cardioverter *** HCM patients,we also suggest the incorporation of the PVS either for the low HCM Risk-score patients or for the patients with one traditional risk factor in order to improve the inadequate sensitivity of the former and the low specificity of the latter.

关键词： Arrhythmic sudden cardiac death Risk stratification Non-invasive risk factors electrophysiology study Two-step approach Arrhythmias in cardiomyopathy

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在低碳烯烃或芳烃协同作用下在H—ZSM-5上调节甲醇转化制烯烃的选择性

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甲醇生产与应用技术 2012年第5期 27-33,66页

作者： Samia ilias Aditya Bhan 明尼苏达大学化工与材料科学系美国

在H—ZSM-5催化二甲醚（DMe）转化制烯烃选择性的系统性调整是通过共进料少量的^13C-丙烯和^13C-甲苯（4kPa）及12^C—DMe（70kPa）在（20．8—22．7C％）、548K等转化条件下进行的。随着共进料中甲苯（O-4kPa）的增加，乙烯（14．5—18... 详细信息

在H—ZSM-5催化二甲醚（DMe）转化制烯烃选择性的系统性调整是通过共进料少量的^13C-丙烯和^13C-甲苯（4kPa）及12^C—DMe（70kPa）在（20．8—22．7C％）、548K等转化条件下进行的。随着共进料中甲苯（O-4kPa）的增加，乙烯（14．5—18c％）和芳烃族化合物（7．1—33．7C％）的选择性增加而C4-C7脂肪烃（42．8-16．9C％）的选择性下降。同样的趋势在较低的转化条件（4．6—5．1C％）548K条件下和更高的温度（623K）时也被观察到，这说明烯烃与芳烃的比率可以在该研究条件下作为调节烯烃基和芳烃基碳池量的参数。^13-丙烯和坦C—DMe共同反应显示出C5-C7个碳原子的烯烃只能由甲基化反应生成，丁烯是由芳烃裂解或者甲基化反应生成。含有至少有-个^12C的高体积分数丙烯（55．1％）说明大部分丙烯是烯烃裂解产物，在芳烃基循环占优势的条件下（增加共进料中的甲苯量），乙烯和丙烯都只含有大约10％的^13^C原子，说明当烯烃基循环被压制时，这些轻烯烃主要来源于芳烃基循环。甲苯中^13C的含量在产物中相对于^13C甲苯的进入量是不变的，说明甲苯不是作为主要产物生成。另外，至少9．8％的对二甲苯，1，2，4-三甲苯，1，2，4，5-四甲苯的同位素异位体全部都是有^12C标记的，少于2％的甲苯和邻二甲苯的同位素异位体是有心C标记的，这说明本项研究的条件下，环合反应发生主要是为C8＋脂肪烃形成对二甲苯和更大分子的芳烃。因为生成烯烃循环和芳香烃循环并不是彼此孤立的，理解这两种循环之间的交换是控制在H—ZSM-5上进行甲醇制烯烃反应的选择性中非常重要的-步。

关键词： ZSM-5 低碳烯烃甲醇转化芳烃协同作用甲基化反应对二甲苯裂解产物

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Network meta-analyses: Methodological prerequisites and clinical usefulness

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World Journal of Methodology 2022年第3期12卷 92-98页

作者： Savvas ilias Christofilos Konstantinos Tsikopoulos Alexios Tsikopoulos Dimitrios Kitridis Konstantinos Sidiropoulos Panagiotis Nikolaos Stoikos Venu Kavarthapu Department of Genetics Evolutionand EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineFaculty of Health Sciences Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124Greece Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery AHEPA University General HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 57010Greece Department of Orthopaedics Aristotle University of ThessalonikiSchool of MedicineGeorge Papanikolaou Hospital ThessalonikiThessaloniki 57010Greece Department of Orthopedics General Hospital of SerresSerres 62100Greece Department of Medicine University of ThessalyLarissa 41500Greece Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom

It is an undeniable fact that systematic reviews play a crucial role in informing clinical practice;however,conventional head-to-head meta-analyses do have *** particular,studies can only be compared in a pair-wise fashion,and conclusions can only be drawn in the light of direct *** contrast,network meta-analyses can not only compare multiple interventions but also utilize indirect evidence which increases their *** top of that,they can also rank competing *** this mini-review,we have aimed to elaborate on the principles and techniques governing network meta-analyses to achieve a methodologically sound synthesis,thus enabling safe conclusions to be drawn in clinical *** have emphasized the prerequisites of a well-conducted Network Meta-Analysis(NMA),the value of selecting appropriate outcomes according to guidelines for transparent reporting,and the clarity achieved via sophisticated graphical *** is more,we have addressed the importance of incorporating the level of evidence into the results and interpreting the findings according to validated appraisal systems(i.e.,the Grade of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and evaluation system-GRADe).Lastly,we have addressed the possibility of planning future research via ***,we can conclude that NMAs could be of great value to clinical practice.

关键词： Network meta-analysis Quality of evidence evidence-based medicine Systematic reviews

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城市中心历史街区更新——以希腊雅典交通影响事前评价为例

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城市交通 2015年第5期13卷 85-95页

作者： Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou Matthew G.Karlaftis ilias Gkotsis eleni Vlahogianni Antony Stathopoulos 耿雪雅典国家技术大学交通规划与工程系希腊雅典10682 中国城市规划设计研究院北京100037

现代城市地区城市更新项目通常与交通系统结构和运营的重要变化相结合。采用事前评价方法从城市范围层面探讨希腊雅典中心区一条主要干路改造为步行街项目的交通影响。通过构建几种情景,展现项目实施后的交通状况。研究结果显示,尽管短... 详细信息

现代城市地区城市更新项目通常与交通系统结构和运营的重要变化相结合。采用事前评价方法从城市范围层面探讨希腊雅典中心区一条主要干路改造为步行街项目的交通影响。通过构建几种情景,展现项目实施后的交通状况。研究结果显示,尽管短期交通状况会恶化,但项目带来的潜在交通消散将显著改善中心区交通和环境状况。

关键词：事前评价步行街交通消散城市更新

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