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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第3期11卷 252-262页

作者： Matthew Igwe Nwali Joseph Agboeze Vitus Okwuchukwu Obi Arinze C. Ikeotuonye ikechukwu ogwudu ugadu Emmanuel Ajuluchukwu Ugwa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal Medical Center Birnin Kudu Nigeria

Background: Cervical ripening is prerequisite of successful induction of labor. Vaginal misoprostol and Foley’s catheter placement have been widely used for this purpose but the data are not always sufficient. We attempted to determine which (misoprostol versus Foley’s catheter) is more effective/safer in Nigerian setting. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed at Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria, involving 135 term pregnant women requiring cervical ripening and labor induction. Participants were randomly allocated to misoprostol versus catheter group. The following were recorded/measured/analyzed: Bishop’s score, age, parity, body mass index, gestational age, labor duration, indication, oxytocin use, mode of delivery, and Apgar score. Chi square test and t test were used where appropriate. Results: At 24 hours, all of misoprostol group were either in labor, had ripe cervix, or had delivered, whereas 35.4% of catheter group had still unripe cervix (x2 = 29.856, P = 0.0001). Misoprostol group was less likely to require oxytocin infusion (x2 = 52.600,

Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Fagara zanthoxyloides root-bark ethyl acetate fraction:in-vitro enzyme inhibition and GC-MS analysis

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Life Research 2025年第1期8卷 32-43页

作者： Christian Amah Parker Joshua ikechukwu Okoro Favour Iyidiegwu Chibuike Brendan Linus Nsude Ugochukwu Nweke Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural and Applied SciencesState University of Medical and Applied SciencesNsukka 412111Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry College of Health SciencesDavid Umahi Federal University of Health SciencesUburueUburu 491105Nigeria Department of Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Applied SciencesSpiritan University NneochiNneato RoadLeru 441111Nigeria Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Applied SciencesState University of Medical and Applied Sciences Igbo-EnoNsukka 412111Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine University of UyoUyo 520003Nigeria

The application of therapeutic herbs in treatment of common infections and diseases has gained popularity in developing nations due to its cost-effectiveness and purported lower side effects compared to synthetic *** zanthoxyloides Lam also known as Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides,is an indigenous plant used widely as chewing stick for tooth cleaning in West *** root-bark macerations,decoctions or infusions are the most valuable organs widely taken to treat malaria and diabetes by local populations,traditional healers and local pharmaceutical *** alternative,more efficient,safer,and less expensive anti-diabetic natural products from plants has received great attention,hence this research delved into the inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of *** root-bark(EAFFZRB)on in-vitroα-amylase andα-glucosidase *** biochemical methods were used to extract and assess the in-vitro antioxidant such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl(DPPH),total antioxidant capacity(TAC)and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power(FRAP).The sample was combined at different concentrations(10,20,40,80,160,320,and 640μl/dl).Theα-amylase,andα-glucosidase activities of EAFFZRB sample was combined at different concentrations(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1.0 mg/mL).The phyto-constituents in EAFFZRB were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)*** plant fraction showed a significant(P<0.05)increase in the inhibition ofα-amylase IC50=0.726 andα-glucosidase IC50=0.877 at varying concentrations,comparable to the reference drug Acarbose IC50=0.728 and IC50=0.852 *** demonstrated significant(P<0.05)inhibition at different concentrations on DPPH(66.55±1.57),TAC(0.47±0.17)and FRAP(3.64±0.14),similar to the effect of the standard ascorbic *** GC-MS analysis of EAFFZRB revealed a total of 12 volatile organic compounds such as;Phenol-3-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl,2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide,2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)py

关键词： Fagara zanthoxyloides α-amylase andα-glucosidase anti-oxidant GC-MS

Vitamin D3 supplementation influences ovarian histomorphometry and follicular development in prepubertal albino rats

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2020年第6期9卷 291-297页

作者： Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu ikechukwu Reginald Obidike Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshire AL97TAUnited Kingdom

Objective:To evaluate the development of ovarian follicles in female albino rats following vitamin D3 ***:Eighteen prepubertal female albino rats,aged 3-4 weeks,weighing(70.25±9.16)g,were assigned to three groups(n=6 in each group).Group A was treated with 5.00 mL/kg of distilled water and served as the control group,group B was treated with 0.025 mg/kg of vitamin D3 dissolved in distilled water,and group C was treated with 0.125 mg/kg of vitamin D3 dissolved in distilled *** treatments were administered orally,twice weekly for 28 *** and ovaries were harvested under *** vitamin D3 levels were determined by using spectrophotometric *** were processed for histology and every10th hematoxylin and eosin stained-section was selected for *** number of follicles at each developmental stage was ***:Both 0.025 mg/kg and 0.125 mg/kg of vitamin D3 significantly increased serum concentrations of vitamin D3 and calcium(P0.05).The control group had fewer growing follicles(primary,secondary and antral follicles)and more non-growing follicles(primordial and atretic follicles)when compared with the vitamin D3-supplemented groups(P<0.05).Vitamin D3 at 0.025 mg/kg significantly increased antral follicles and corpora lutea counts(P<0.05).Vitamin D3 at 0.125 mg/kg significantly increased total,primordial and atretic follicles counts(P<0.05),but significantly decreased primary,secondary,antral follicles count,ovarian weight,relative ovarian weight,and ovarian surface area when compared with the control group and rats treated with 0.025 mg/kg of vitamin D3(P<0.05).Conclusions:Vitamin D3 supplementation at 0.025 mg/kg can enhance optimal ovarian follicle recruitment and development in female rats.

关键词： Folliculogenesis Histomorphometry Ovary Rats Vitamin D3

Tribological behavior of N-doped ZnO thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition under lubricated contacts

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Friction 2017年第4期5卷 402-413页

作者： Bolutife OLOFINJANA Uchenna Sydney MBAMARA Oyelayo AJAYI Cinta LORENZO-MARTIN Eusebius ikechukwu OBIAJUUWA Ezekiel Oladele Bolarinwa AJAYI Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005NigeriaTribology SectionEnergy System DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA Department of Physics Federal University of TechnologyOwerriNigeria Tribology Section Energy System DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA Center for Energy Research and Development Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria

N-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on 304L stainless steel through the pyrolysis of zinc acetate and ammonium acetate in different ratios at a temperature of 420 ℃ using metal organic chemical vapor *** and structural analyzes of the films were performed by using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and X-ray *** frictional behavior of the thin films and 304L stainless steel substrate was evaluated using a ball-on-flat configuration with reciprocating sliding under marginally lubricated and fully flooded *** alloy (2017) was used as ball counterface,while basestock synthetic polyalfaolefin oil (PAO10) without additives was used as *** flat and ball counterface surfaces were examined to assess the wear dimension and failure *** marginally lubricated condition,N-doped ZnO thin films provided significant reduction in friction,whereas the films have minimal or no effect in friction under fully flooded condition.N-doped ZnO thin films showed a significant effect in protecting the ball counterface as wear volume was reduced compared with that of the substrate under the marginally lubricated *** the fully flooded condition,with the exception of one of the films,the wear volume of the N-doped ZnO thin films ball reduced compared with that of the *** all the ball counterfaces for N-doped ZnO thin films under both conditions,wear occurred through abrasive mechanism of various degrees or mild ***,superfluous lubrication of N-doped ZnO thin films is not necessary to reduce friction and wear.

关键词： ZnO film metal organic chemical vapor deposition friction wear optical microscopy

The Effects of Road and Other Pavement Materials on Urban Heat Island (A Case Study of Port Harcourt City)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第4期6卷 328-340页

作者： Elenwo Ephraim ikechukwu Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of Social Science University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

Urban centers are consistently exhibiting higher temperature than its surrounding suburban rural areas. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures such as road materials and pavement materials and other anthropogenic heat sources are the main causes of Urban Heat Island (UHI). The sources of data for this research included primary and secondary sources. Other techniques employed for data collection were direct measurement and readings on the road and pavement materials. The research found out that, there was consistency in rising temperature at different time of the day by the different road and pavement materials. Asphalt has the greatest effect of increasing the urban temperature four degrees higher, followed by concrete, three degree rise in temperature, and earth (ordinary ground) by two degree rise and vegetation (grass) by one degree rise in temperature. The overall effect on the residents of the study area ranges from increase in hotness of the day;44.6% respondents agrees;while 34.3% says it affects the ambient air quality of the area, and other effects such as increased ground level ozone, suffocation, sleeplessness and restlessness as a result of excessive high temperature especially at night are identified in this paper. The research recommends the review or redesigning of the entire Port Harcourt city Master Plan to make provision for creation of more green areas rather than pavements and concreted areas to reduce the effects of (UHI) and ultimately improve the comfort and living conditions of the people in a the garden city Port Harcourt.

关键词： Effects Road and Pavement Materials Urban Heat Island Residents Port Harcourt

Study of Natural Radioactivity of Groundwater in Sango-Ilorin, Nigeria

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2012年第8期2卷 289-295页

作者： Levi ikechukwu Nwankwo Department of Physics University of llorin P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria

Gamma spectrometric method was used to determine the natural radioactivity of the groundwater obtained from hand dug wells in Sango-Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. The purpose of the study is to ascertain whether the groundwater radioactivity level in the area that was previously used as a waste dumpsite and farmland poses any significant health hazard to the populace. The main radionuclides analysed in the samples were 226Ra and 22SRa （progenies of 218Su and 232Th respectively）, and the naturally occurring 40K. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides range from 0.02 to 7.35 Bql1 for 226Ra with a mean of 4.04 ± 0.18 Bql-1, 0.009 to 3.98 Bql-1 for 22SRa having a mean of 0.77 - 0.09 Bql-1. 40K concentration ranges from 0.45 to 30.14 Bq1-1 and has a mean of 4.81 ± 0.62 Bql1. The derived Annual Effective Dose received by the population as a result of the ingestion of 40K is estimated to range from 0 to 0.01 mSvy-1 with an average of 0.01 and standard deviation of 0.02 mSvyl; 226Ra ranged from 0 to 0.8 mSvy-1 with an average of 0.41 and standard deviation of 0.23 mSvy-1 and 228Ra ranged from 0 to 1 mSvy-1 with an average of 0.2 and standard deviation of 0.31 mSvy-1. The results show that the calculated average annual effective dose/ingestion dose for some of the wells are above WHO recommended level of 0.1 mSvylfor drinking water but falls within the tolerable level of 1 mSv/yr to the general public for prolonged exposure as recommended by ICRP. Therefore, it is suggested that detailed radiological monitoring be conducted in the area.

关键词： Radioactivity groundwater gamma ray spectrometer Nigeria health hazard.

Socio-Economic Impacts of Flooding on the Residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis in Rivers State, Nigeria

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Elenwo Ephraim ikechukwu Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of Social Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Floods are naturally occurring phenomena that are part of the physical and biological process which have shaped our nation’s landscape. It occurs in Nigeria environment when there is heavy rain fall for prolonged period of time. The data collection for this research was by use of primary and secondary information;questionnaire was administered by face to face interviews and key informant surveys. Analytical technique was the univariate statistical methods. The results revealed that there is clear evidence of damages to properties and that there are hazards and risks faced by these households as shown in Tables 1-4 respectively. Table 3 specifically shows the financial losses incurred annually by residents to the tune 5 million naira and above. However, the continued hazards and risks as a result of flood incidence have affected their overall income which hitherto is found within (N20000.00 - N25000.00) about 22.8% of the respondents fall in this income bracket. Furthermore, the research also revealed that about 30% say the flood has affected their income, while 29.4% say their buildings are affected. Also about 37.8% of respondents say that the flood incidence occurs all through the rainy season. The research recommends an aggressive review of the Port Harcourt Master Plan and the implementation of the development control tools in the 1992 Urban and Regional Planning Law.

关键词： Socio-Economic Impact Flooding Port Harcourt

Assessment of the Activities of Scavengers in Obio/Akpor Local Government, Rivers State, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第3期6卷 272-280页

作者： Elenwo Ephraim ikechukwu Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of Social Science University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

This study was carried out based on consistent observations on the activities of scavengers of scrap metal in Obio/Akpor local government Rivers State. The study was carried out to ascertain the profitability of scrap metal scavenging and how scrap metal waste can generate wealth to the public and the government. The study made use of primary and secondary data with the former being the main focus. The data were analyzed using the simple percentage, while the hypothesis was tested by means of the chi-square. The study findings revealed that there was a relationship between waste and wealth in relation to scrap metal scavenging. The researches therefore make the following recommendations;that scavengers should form co-operatives so that they can pull their efforts and resources together and bargain collectively. Government and nongovernmental organization should enlighten them through seminars, workshops, etc., on how to carry out their activities in an environmentally safe manner. The state government should encourage scavenging by enacting a law to back the profession and make it attractive for the teaming youths to venture into.

关键词： Assessment Activities Scavengers Obio/Akpor

Conceptual Issues in the Qualification of Intelligent Buildings

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2019年第2期8卷 52-63页

作者： Ogwu ikechukwu Okonkwo Moses College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan University Xiangtan China Faculty of Environmental Science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The reality of global warming must have been settled by now while the incidence of same has in very recent times adopted unprecedented dimensions. The global community continues to look for ways to combat the impact of climate change and technology is looked upon to deliver the innovations that would ensure a better tomorrow today. Rapid advancement of Information Technology (IT), is now transforming the way we create and interact with the built environment with the notion of Intelligent Buildings (IBs) underscoring its main features. However, these IBs utilize systems that require energy, and fossil fuels are currently the world’s primary energy sources;they can also irreparably harm the environment, exacerbating climate change. What then is the true essence of IBs? This paper, through review of existing literature, attempts to explore some issues associated with the conceptualization of IBs, highlighting how they are similar with other notional options that deliver the same benefits but without the needed IT systems or the energy required in running them. It also discusses the need to focus on less energy demanding and management approaches at design or occupancy of buildings as a way to reduce the demand and thus consumption of fossil fuels across the world.

关键词： Technology Climate Change Energy Energy Efficiency Building Energy Assessment HVAC Facade Systems Passive Design Smart Materials Intelligent Buildings

Crude Extracts of <i>Senna alata</i>(L.) Roxb. Mimics Plant Growth Hormones in Promotion of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in <i>Celosia argentea</i>L.

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1918-1925页

作者： ikechukwu O. Agbagwa Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt Nigeria

The efficacy of crude extracts of Senna alata in the improvement of vegetative and reproductive growth in Celosia aregentea was investigated. Fresh leaves of S. alata were blended with a homogenizer in 1 litre of distilled water. The resultant green paste was filtered under suction. Different concentrations (75%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 12%, 10%, and 5%) were prepared from the 100% crude extract. Seeds of C. argentea were presoaked in these different concentrations including a control (0%) and planted out after 24 hours. Results obtained showed that seedling height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf area ratio were promoted and enhanced by presoaking seeds in the extract. At the end of the experimental period (six weeks), seedling height in 75% and 100% treatments were 109 ± 16.12 cm and 117 ± 19.32 cm, leaf area 128 ± 17.91 cm2 and 125 ± 18.12 cm2, dry weight 7.48 kg and 7.0 kg respectively. Seedlings raised from seeds presoaked in water (control) however, flowered earlier (8 weeks) than the treatments (10 weeks in 75% and 100%). Presoaking seeds of C. argentea in crude extracts of S. alata before planting is recommended for optimum production of the leafy vegetable. The procedure is cheap and easily implementable by resource-poor farmers who are the main growers of C. argentea.

关键词： Celosia argentea Hormones Plant Extract Senna alata Vegetable