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Financial Losses Associated with Bovine Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in Carchi-Ecuador

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 205-216页

作者： marcelo ibarra Martin Campos Christian ibarra Urgilés Gladys Danny Huera Milena Gutiérrez Andrea Chamorro Luis Núñez Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales. Carrera Agropecuaria. Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi (UPEC). Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria Tulcán Ecuador. Doctorando de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi (UPEC). Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria Tulcán Ecuador Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales Carrera Agropecuaria Tulcán Ecuador Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi Maestrante Centro de Postgrado Tulcán Ecuador Facultad de Comercio Internacional Administración y Economía Empresarial Carrera de Comercio Exterior Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi Tulcán Ecuador Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales Carrera de Enfermería Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi Carchi Ecuador Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria One Health Research Group Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA) Quito Ecuador

Brucellosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, which has a great economic impact due to the productive and reproductive losses that it causes, in addition to the serious public health problem. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic losses, through financial analysis, caused by bovine brucellosis in the province of Carchi, over a one-year period. A random sampling was used to determine the prevalence in the study area, where 2976 animals were considered, and the Rose Bengal (RB) test was used as a screening test and the Fluorescence Polarized Assay (FPA) as a confirmatory test, obtaining a prevalence of 8.2% (244/2976). In addition, parameters associated to the losses caused by brucellosis in cattle were determined by literature review. To estimate costs, field information was collected through a survey of a total of 100 randomly selected farmers. The loss estimated due to calves lost as a result of abortions and neonatal death was USD. 79170.00. The loss due to death of 4 cows as a result of metritis was estimated at USD. 5000.00. The cost of examination and treatment of aborted cows was USD. 20100.00. The losses due to reduction in milk production from aborted and non-aborted seropositive cows were estimated at USD. 158114.21. The financial losses due to brucellosis in province of Carchi were estimated at USD. 262384.21.

关键词： Bovine Brucellosis Economic Losses Carchi-Ecuador

Determining a Diagnostic Cut-Off on Fluorescence Polarization Assay(FPA)for Bovine Brucellosis in Carchi,Ecuador

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 425-432页

作者： ibarra marcelo Benavides Hernan Salgado Ruth Gutierrez Milena Garcia Judith Pena Julio Herrera David Mina Jorge Campos Martin Puga Byron Agricultural Career Carchi State Polytechnic UniversityTulcánEcuador School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Central University of EcuadorQuitoEcuador

Serology is the foundation of any brucellosis control and eradication program worldwide, thus it is important to define accuracy diagnostics assays and cut-off of those assays, due to variations from country to country and even among specific areas in the country. The variation of cutoff values depended on: prevalence of disease, vaccination status, animal management, and control and eradication programs. Therefore, a cut-off for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis through fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in Carchi—Ecuador was determined. The survey has been carried out in Carchi province of Ecuador, who is considered a province of high prevalence of brucellosis and the vaccination status is unknown due to the lack of registers. Sera samples (n = 200) were obtained from individual cows from randomly selected herds. Blood sera were tested through Fluoresce Polarization Assay (FPA) and competitive enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (cELISA) as confirmatory test, and then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done. The sensitivity and specificity values of FPA were 88.7% and 92.50% respectively using a cut-off of 89.90 mP. Moreover, the area under the curve showed that 92.2% is the probability accuracy of the test. The advantage of the FPA is that it is a test with good characteristics of sensitivity and specificity as well as a simple and quick test.

关键词： Brucella Diagnosis Fluorescence Polarization Sensitivity Specificity

Evaluation of the Use of Gamma Radiation for Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn(Zea mays)Used in the Production of Feed for Broiler Chickens

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2018年第1期7卷 21-33页

作者： Marco Sinche Serra Marco Burbano Pulles Freddy Torres Mayanquer Martin Campos Vallejo marcelo ibarra Rosero Jorge Mina Ortega Luis Nunez Naranjo National Polytechnic School Department of Nuclear SciencesQuitoEcuador Food Engineering Career Carchi State Polytechnic UniversityTulcánEcuador Agricultural Career Carchi State Polytechnic UniversityTulcánEcuador Department of Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Corn is one of the main grasses used to produce human or animal food. One of the main problems with the use of corn is the presence of mycotoxins, where aflatoxin B1 is one of the most harmful for human and animal health. Chemical methods such as the addition of antifungals and sequestrants are used to control this contaminant in food;however, these methods can leave dangerous residues. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of irradiation with gamma rays on corn for the control of aflatoxin B1. For this purpose, three treatments were compared: treatment 1, application of gamma radiation, treatment 2, application of antifungal and treatment 3, combination of gamma radiation and application of antifungal. Corn without exposure to any control of aflatoxin was used as a witness group. Irradiation doses of 2, 6 and 10 kGy were tested, and the dose of 6 kGy was selected as the best since it lowered aflatoxin B1 more effectively. The corn analyzed in this study was stored during 45 days at 23°C, and every 15 days. We determined the concentration of aflatoxin B1, presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms and insects, and we evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of the grain. Then, the treatments were compared and treatment 1, only irradiation with gamma rays, proved to be significantly more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and the total inhibition of the survival of the insects during the 45 days of storage which allowed better preservation of the protein. All treatments controlled the growing of pathogenic microorganisms as Salmonella and Enterobacteriacea, and kept the humidity of the grain in values lower than 13%. The cost production of a bag of 40 kg of feed was also estimated in USD 22.56;which is1.80% greater than the cost corresponding to the conventional process that uses mycotoxin sequestrants.

关键词： Zea mays Aflatoxin Gamma Radiation Poultry Feed

A Case Report: Emergency Management of a Pregnant Trauma Patient—An Anesthesiologist’s Perspective and Role

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 25-39页

作者： Kalpana Tyagaraj Candice ibarra Kimberly Moy Nina Luksanapol Gianna Torre Raymond Powers Anuj Bapodra Maimonides Medical Center New York USA

Trauma is the leading cause of death for all women of childbearing age. Motor vehicle accidents account for almost two-thirds of all maternal non-obstetric, trauma-related deaths, while falls and domestic violence comprise a large percentage of the rest. The leading causes of obstetric trauma are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and gunshots, and ensuing injuries are classified as blunt abdominal trauma, pelvic fractures, or penetrating trauma . The causes are different with different life styles and different socio-economic and cultural background. Pregnant trauma victims tend to be younger, less severely injured, and more likely African American or of Hispanic descent compared with nonpregnant victims of trauma. Drugs and alcohol are a factor in about 20 percent of maternal trauma. With pregnancy comes the challenge and responsibility of caring for two patients at once, the mother and the fetus. In general, providing optimal maternal care is the best strategy to optimize fetal survival. Decision-making including the condition of the mother, gestational age, status of the fetus, and interventions are based on these key factors. Many providers are involved in the care of the pregnant patient: at the trauma scene, in the emergency department, and in the operating room. The anesthesiologist plays a key role in the care and management of the pregnant trauma patient. All anesthesiologists have ample training in obstetric anesthesia during their residency and frequently cover obstetric units in hospitals where pregnant patients are cared for. On the other hand, most nonobstetric physicians have little obstetric exposure and may be uncomfortable caring for the pregnant patient because of unfamiliarity with the physiologic changes of pregnancy or the evaluation of fetal well-being. This is not only a source of stress for other trauma providers, but can put maternal well-being at risk. Non-obstetric physicians may hesitate to order necessary diagnostic and therapeu

关键词： Obstetric Anesthesiology Ob Trauma Maternal and Fetal Resuscitation

Efficacy of 1% Permethrin and 2% Permethrin Combined with 1% Piperonyl Butoxide against Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in Naturally Infested Dogs

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第7期15卷 237-247页

作者： Andrea Márquez-Aguado Froylán ibarra-Velarde Joaquín Ambia-Medina Rosa Arias-García Departamento de Parasitologa Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Mexico City Mxico Laboratorios Salud Animal S.A de C.V. Mexico City Mxico

The aim of the present study was to compare the ixodicide efficacy of 1% permethrin applied as a shampoo-bath in single treatment and a combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder in a single treatment against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, in naturally infested dogs. Eighteen adult cross-mixed dogs, harboring to at least 20 ticks/animal, were selected on pre-treatment live tick counts. On day 0, the dogs were then divided in 3 groups of 6 animals each, for treatment: Group 1 (G1) received 1% permethrin applied as shampoo-bath (approximately 10 ml/kg bw), according to label instructions. G2 was treated with 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder, and rubbed as massage on the body, as recommended by the producer. G3 served as a non-treated control. After the treatment, the dogs were checked out for live ticks counting on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. The ixodicide efficacy was assessed based on the percentage reductions of ticks on the days analyzed post-treatment, with respect to the untreated control. Results showed that permethrin alone removed ticks on 81%, 93.1% and 89.6% for days 1, 7 and 14, respectively. The combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide exerted a better efficacy of 98.8, 97.7 and 97.0%, respectively. It is concluded that this combined formulation was highly effective at rapidly repelling and killing Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks on naturally infected dogs, showing a significant effect on days 1, 7 and 14 after tick exposure. The sustained high and quick level of efficacy of this combination may well interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks. It is concluded that the sustained high level of efficacy of the permethrin + piperonyl butoxide combination may well exert an additive effect and could interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks.

关键词： Efficacy Permethrin Permethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide Riphicephalus sanguineus Dogs

From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-Flores Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González José Paz-ibarra Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru Department of Endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru Internal Medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia Internal Medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine *** liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis *** its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently *** article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver *** review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 *** cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary *** optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,*** can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging *** options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes *** standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine *** transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio Jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-Vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos Susan Luciana Puelles-Leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-Leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez Luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga Jose Paz-ibarra Universidad Cientifica del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

A review of the current state of biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass using thermochemical conversion routes

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1523-1535页

作者： Paola ibarra-Gonzalez Ben-Guang Rong Department of Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and Environmental Technology University of Southern Denmark

The rapid increase in energy demand,the extensive use of fossil fuels and the urgent need to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions have raised concerns in the transportation *** renewable and sustainable sources have become the ultimate solution to overcome the expected depletion of fossil *** conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid(BtL)transportation fuels seems to be a promising path and presents advantages over first generation biofuels and fossil ***,development of BtL systems is critical to increase the potential of this resource in a sustainable and economic *** of lignocellulosic BtL transportation fuels,such as,gasoline,diesel and jet fuel can be accomplished through various thermochemical processes and processing *** major steps for the production of BtL fuels involve feedstock selection,physical pretreatment,production of bio-oil,upgrading of bio-oil to transportation fuels and recovery of value-added *** present work is aiming to give a comprehensive review of the current process technologies following these major steps and the current scenarios of biomass to liquid facilities for the production of biofuels.

关键词： Biofuels Lignocellulosic biomass Process route Thermochemical conversion Upgrading Separation

Real-World Evidence in Localized Pancreatic: Coping with Uncertainty in Unselected Populations

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第4期15卷 164-178页

作者： María I. Pamies Ramón Diana ibarra Anguita Paula Rodríguez Payá Alvaro Muñoz Abad David Sánchez García María Valero Revert Beatriz Grau Mirete Mariano Martínez Marín Alicia Calero Amaro Lorena Rodríguez Cazalla Javier Gallego Plazas Medical Oncology Department Elche University Hospital Elche (Alicante) Spain General Surgery Department Elche University Hospital Elche (Alicante) Spain General Surgery Department Vega Baja Hospital Orihuela (Alicante) Spain

Background: Localized pancreatic cancer, including resectable (R), borderline resectable (BR) and locally advanced unresectable disease (LAU), is considered in clinical guidelines for diverse treatment options based on clinical trials in selected populations. Hence, exploring with real world evidence (RWE) clinicians’ preferences for treatment options and their results seems pertinent. Methods: In a set of consecutive patients with localized pancreatic cancer assisted in a third level hospital from January 2013 to December 2022, medical records, symptoms, diagnostic process, distribution between subtypes, and treatment plans, with safety and efficacy results, were assessed. Results: A total of 152 patients with localized disease were included (43.4% R, 21.0% BR, 33.6% LAU). The population characteristics exemplified differences between daily practice and clinical trials. Tumor location and symptoms were as expected. Treatment plan was conditioned by PS or comorbidities in 23.0% of patients. In patients with R disease, surgery followed by different adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) regimes was the antineoplastic treatment of choice (64.8%) with efficacy results (OS 37.5 months;95% CI 18.4 - 56.7), in the range of contemporary standards. The common use of neoadjuvant CT for BR disease (94.4%), with surgery in 50% of them, and its results (OS 30.8 months;95% CI 10.5 - 51.2) reflected current controversies of treatment recommendations and evolution in this scenario. Paliative CT with or without radiotherapy was the standard specific treatment in LAU disease (95.1%) with survival results (PFS: 10.8 months;95% CI 8.8 - 12.7. OS: 20.3 months;95% CI 13.5 - 27.2) that justify the distinct character and the specific study of this entity. Conclusion: RWE for localized pancreatic cancer aroused from the analysis of this population confirms the distinct nature of patients assisted in daily practice, as well as mirrors the complexity of decision making in clinical assumptions in which a

关键词： Real-World Evidence Localized Pancreatic Cancer