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FATiGUE LiVEs FOR iNDUCTiON HARDENED sHAFTs MATERiALs ACCORDiNG TO THE ENViRONMENTAL TEMPERATUREs

Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2005年第5期18卷 585-593页

作者： D.G. Lee K.C. Jang J.M. Kuk i.s. kim Korea i.s.itute of industrial Technology Gwangju 506-824 Korea Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mokpo National University Mokpo 534-729 Korea

Rotary bending fatigue tests were carried out with two kinds of materials, s43C and s50C, using the front engine and front drive shaft （FF shaft） of vehicle. The specimens were induction hardened about 1.0mm depth from the specimen surface, and the hardness value on the surface was about HRC56-60. The tested environment temperatures were -30, 25 and 80℃ in order to look over effect of the induction hardening and the environmental temperatures on the fatigue characteristi.s. The fatigue limit of induction hardened specimens increased more about 45% than non-hardened specimens showing that the endurances of s43C and s50C were 98.1 and 107.9MPa in non-hardened samples, 147.1 and 156.9MPa in hardened samplesrespectably. The maximum tensile and compressive stress on the small circular defect was about ＋250 and -450MPa respectively when circular defect is situated on top and bottom. The fatigue life increased 80, 25 and -30℃ in order regardless of hardening. in comparison of the fatigue lives on the basis of tested result at 25℃, the fatigue lives of non-hardened specimens decreased about 35%, but that of hardened specimens decreased about only 5% at 80℃ more than at 25℃. And fatigue life of non-hardened and hardened specimens were about 110% and 120% higher at -30℃ than that of 25℃. Based on the result of stress distribution near the defect, the tensile and compressive stress repeatedly generated by load direction were the largest on the small circular defect due to the stress concentration.

关键词： induction hardening fatigue test front engine and front drive shaft,fatigue crack fatigue life fatigue life ratio

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FUZZY REGREssiON MODEL TO PREDiCT THE BEAD GEOMETRY iN THE ROBOTiC WELDiNG PROCEss

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2007年第6期20卷 391-397页

作者： B.s. sung i.s. kim Y. Xue H.H. kim Y.H. Cha Department of Material Engineering Chosun University 375 Seosul-Dong Dong-GuGwangju 501-759 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Mokpo National University 61 Dorim-riChungkye-Myun Muan-Gun Jconnam 534-729 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Chosun University 375 Seosul-Dong Dong-GuGwangju 501-759 Korea

Recently, there has been a rapid development in computer technology, which has in turn led to develop the fully robotic welding system using artificial intelligence （Ai） technology. However, the robotic welding system has not been achieved due to difficulti.s.of the mathematical model and sensor technologi.s. The possibiliti.s.of the fuzzy regression method to predict the bead geometry, such as bead width, bead height, bead penetration and bead area in the robotic GMA （gas metal arc） welding process is presented. The approach, a well-known method to deal with the problems with a high degree of fuzziness, is used to build the relationship between four process variables and the four quality characteristi.s. respectively. Using these models, the proper prediction of the process variables for obtaining the optimal bead geometry can be determined.

关键词： robotic arc welding bead geometry fuzzy regression modelwelding quality

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superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding i.s.deformation mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.Jeong s.W.Lee W.J.kim Department of Materials science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy superplasticity severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

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inclusive quasielastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with energy density functional nuclear models

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Chinese Physi.s.C 2024年第8期48卷 153-158页

作者： K.s.kim soonchul Choi Hana Gil Chang Ho Hyun school of liberal arts and science korea aerospace universitygoyang 10540korea Center for exotic nuclear studies institute for basic sciencedaejeon 34126korea Center for extreme nuclear matters korea universityseoul 02841korea Department of physi.s.education daegu universitygyeongsan 38453korea

in this study,we calculated the inclusive charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering from ^(40)Ar in the quasielastic *** explore the effect of uncertainti.s.stemming from the nuclear structure,we used the Ki.s.Korea-i.s.Daegu-sKKU)nuclear energy density functional and skyrme force models,namely sLy4,ski3,and *** models were selected to have distinct behavior in terms of the density dependence of the symmetry energy and the effective mass of the *** the charged-current neutrino scattering,the single-and double-differential cross sections were calculated for various *** cross sections are reported as a function of the incident neutrino *** theoretical cross sections were compared with experimental data,and the roles of the effective mass and symmetry energy were investigated in terms of charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering.

关键词： energy density functional neutrino-nucleus scattering symmetry energy effective mass of the nucleon

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Dragonfly interaction Algorithm for Optimization of Queuing Delay in industrial Wireless Networks

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 447-485页

作者： sanjay Bhardwaj Da-Hye kim Dong-seong kim Department of iT Convergence Engineering ICT Convergence Research CenterKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiSouth Korea

in industrial wireless networks,data transmitted from source to destination are highly *** often leads to the queuing of the data,and poor management of the queued data results in excessive delays,increased energy consumption,and packet ***,a nature-i.s.ired-based Dragonfly interaction Optimization Algorithm(DMOA)is proposed for optimization of the queue delay in industrial wireless *** term“interaction”herein used is the characterization of the“flying movement”of the dragonfly towards damselfli.s.female dragonfli.s.for *** a result,interaction is represented as the flow of transmitted data packets,or traffic,from the source to the base *** includes each and every feature of dragonfly movement as well as awareness of the rival dragonfli.s.predators,and damselfli.s.for the desired optimization of the queue *** features are juxtaposed as noise and interference,which are further used in the calculation of industrial wireless metri.s.latency,error rate(reliability),throughput,energy efficiency,and fairness for the optimization of the queue *** analysis,convergence analysis,the Wilcoxon test,the Friedman test,and the classical as well as the 2014 iEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation(CEC)on the benchmark functions are also used for the evaluation of DMOA in terms of i.s.robustness and *** results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm for both classical and benchmarking functions of the iEEE CEC ***,the accuracy and efficacy of DMOA were demonstrated by means of the convergence rate,Wilcoxon testing,and ***,fairness using Jain’s index in queue delay optimization in terms of throughput and latency,along with computational complexity,is also evaluated and compared with other *** results show that DMOA exceeds other bio-i.s.ired optimization algorithms in terms of fairness in queue delay management and average packet *** proposed a

关键词： Dragonfly Damselfly interaction Queuing delay Optimization industrial wireless networks

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Ag-GsT/HfO_(x)-based unidirectional threshold switching selector with low leakage current and threshold voltage distribution for high-density cross-point arrays

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 280-288页

作者： Kyoung-Joung Yoo Dae-Yun Kang Nahyun kim Ho-Jin Lee Ta-Hyeong kim Taeho kim Tae Geun kim school of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

The use of electrochemical-metallization-based volatile threshold switching selectors in cross-point arrays has been widely explored owing to their high on-off rati.s.and simple ***,these devices are unsuitable for cross-point architectures because of the difficulty in controlling the random filament formation that results in large fluctuations in the threshold voltage during *** this study,we investigated the unidirectional threshold transition characteristi.s.associated with an Ag/GsT/HfO_(x)/Pt-based bilayer selector and demonstrated the occurrence of a low leakage current(istribution of the threshold voltage(Δ0.11 V).The bilayer structure could control the filament formation in the intermediate state through the i.s.rtion of an HfO_(x) tunneling *** stacking a bilayer selector with NiO_(x)based resistive random-access memory,the leakage and programming currents of the device could be significantly *** the crossbar array configuration,we performed equivalent circuit analysis of a one-selector oneresistor(1s1R) devices and estimated the optimal array size to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed *** maximum acceptable crossbar array size of the 1s1R device with the Ag/GsT/HfO_(x)/Pt/Ti/NiO_(x)/Pt structure was 5.29×10^(14)(N^(2),N=2.3×10^(7)).

关键词： selector device Tunneling barrier Threshold switching sputtering 1s1R Cross-point array

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CFD-based hull optimization in calm water using adaptive grid deformation method

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 241-262页

作者： shuguang Wang Yonghwan kim Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea

This paper presents an adaptive grid deformation technique for optimizing ship hull forms using computational fluid dynami.s.CFD).The proposed method enables accurate and smooth updates of the hull surface and 3-D CFD gri.s.in response to design *** technique incorporates a two-level point-transformation approach to move the grid points by a few design ***,generic B-splines are utilized to transform grid points according to the displacements of the control points within a defined control *** ensures surface modification accuracy and smoothness,similar to those provided by non-uniform rational ***,radial basis functions are used to interpolate the movements of the control points with a limited set of design *** developed method effectively maintai.s.the mesh quality and simulation *** applying this method to surface and grid adaptation,a regression model is proposed in the form of a second-order polynomial to represent the relationship between the geometric parameters and design *** polynomial is then used to introduce geometric ***,a radial basis function surrogate model for the calm-water resistance is constructed to approximate the objective *** enhanced optimization framework is proposed for CFD–based hull optimization and applied to KVLCC2 to validate i.s.feasibility and efficiency.

关键词： Hull-form optimization adaptive grid deformation ship resistance OpenFOAM radial basis function(RBF)surrogate model

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systematic security Guideline Framework through intelligently Automated Vulnerability Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3867-3889页

作者： Dahyeon kim Namgi kim Junho Ahn Computer information Technology Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of Ai Computer science and Engineering Kyonggi UniversitySuwon16227Korea

This research ai.s.to propose a practical framework designed for the automatic analysis of a product’s comprehensive functionality and security vulnerabiliti.s.generating applicable guidelines based on real-world *** existing analysis of software security vulnerabiliti.s.often focuses on specific features or *** partial and arbitrary analysis of the security vulnerabiliti.s.makes it challenging to comprehend the overall security vulnerabiliti.s.of the *** key novelty li.s.in overcoming the constraints of partial *** proposed framework utilizes data from various sources to create a comprehensive functionality profile,facilitating the derivation of real-world security *** guidelines are dynamically generated by associating functional security vulnerabiliti.s.with the latest Common Vulnerabiliti.s.and Exposure(CVE)and Common Vulnerability scoring system(CVss)scores,resulting in automated guidelines tailored to each *** guidelines are not only practical but also applicable in real-world software,allowing for prioritized security *** proposed framework is applied to virtual private network(VPN)software,wherein a validated Level 2 data flow diagram is generated using the spoofing,Tampering,Repudiation,information Disclosure,Denial of service,and Elevation of privilege(sTRiDE)technique with references to various papers and examples from related *** analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 121 *** successful implementation and validation demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in generating customized guidelines for entire systems,subsystems,and selected modules.

关键词： Framework automation vulnerability analysis security guidelines

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Postmortem ^(7)Li NMR analysis for assessing the reversibility of lithium metal electrodes in lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 430-440页

作者： Jaewon Baek sunha kim Hee-Tak kim Oc Hee Han Department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering KAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Metropolitan seoul Center Korea Basic Science InstituteSeoul 03759Republic of Korea Graduate school of Analytical science&Technology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

Despite the proficiency of lithium(Li)-7 NMR spectroscopy in delineating the physical and chemical states of Li metal electrodes,challenges in specimen preparation and interpretation impede i.s.*** this study,we conducted a comprehensive postmortem analysis utilizing ^(7)Li NMR,employing a stan-dard magic angle spinning probe to examine protective-layer coated Li metal electrodes and LiAg alloy electrodes agai.s. bare Li metal electrodes within Li metal batteri.s.LMBs).Our investigation explores the effects of sample burrs,alignment with the magnetic field,the existence of liquid electrolytes,and precycling on the ^(7)Li NMR *** contrasting NMR spectra before and after cycling,we identi-fied alterations in Li^(0) and Li^(+) signals attributable to the degradation of the Li metal *** NMR analyses decisively demonstrate the efficacy of the protective layer in mitigating dendrite and solid elec-trolyte interphase ***,we noted that Li*ions near the Li metal surface exhibit magnetic susceptibility anisotropy,revealing a novel approach to studying diamagnetic speci.s.on Li metal elec-trodes in *** study provides valuable i.s.ghts and practical guidelines for characterizing distinct lithium states within LMBs.

关键词： NMR spectroscopy Lithium-7 Lithium metal battery Electrolyte Electrode-protective layer solid electrolyte interface Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy Lithium-metal NMR signal Diamagnetic^(7)Li NMR signal

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A comprehensive review on the resynthesis of ternary cathode active materials from the leachate of Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 446-463,I0010页

作者： Dongwoo kim Hyeoncheol Joo Chanmin kim seoa kim Wan-Yi kim sangwoo Han Joongkil Park soyeon Park Heechul Jung sanghyuk Park Kyungjung Kwon Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea LiB Recycling Research Group LIB Materials R&D CenterPOSCO HoldingsPohang 37859Republic of Korea Department of Future Energy Convergence Seoul National University of Science&Technology232 Gongreung-roNowon-guSeoul 01811Republic of Korea Autonomous intelligent Unmanned Flying Vehicles i.s.itute Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

This review highlights the importance of recovering valuable metals from spent Li-ion battery(LiB)cathodes through the resynthesis of cathode active materials(CAMs).The resynthesis process of CAMs,a promising recycling method that directly produces CAM precursors from LiB leachate,is *** process encompasses six key steps,including pretreatment,leaching,purification,adjustment of metal concentrations,precursor synthesis,and *** review also investigates the potential introduction of impurity elements during CAM resynthesis and provides tolerance levels for these impuriti.s.based on thorough reference ***,it addresses challenges related to the commercialization of the resynthesis ***,this review represents the fi.s. comprehensive assessment of CAM resynthesis,including the systematic evaluation of 12 impurity elements(Fe,Li,Al,Cu,C,P,F,Na,Cl,s,Mg,and Zn).Overall,this comprehensive review is poised to support the commercial development of resynthesized CAMs by offering valuable guidelines for managing impuriti.s.and streamlining the purification process.

关键词： Li-ion battery Recycling Resynthesis Leachate impurity

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