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Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola M.Johannessen tor i.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Soci.ty BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). this was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. in general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic Minimum ice Climate

Coarse to Fine: the Role of Severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing titanium-Based Medical implants - A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlović Bojan i Međo ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko R Djokić Faculty of technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča institute of Nuclear Sci-ences-National institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia innovation Centre of the Faculty of technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

this paper describes severe plastic deformation(SPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD process,a solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPt)process,as one of the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is accepted as a method to obtain materials with desired characteri.tics,an overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based biomaterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPt process parameters,primarily hydrostatic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteri.tics(modulus of elasticity,microhardness,and tensile properties),corrosion resi.tance,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based biomaterials.A review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the SPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resi.tance,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants are something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an i.tegrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel teus van Laar Nico i.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility di.turbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must i.tegrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the i.tegration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory i.tegration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory i.tegration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory i.tegration processes and cross-modal i.teractions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory i.tersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this i.tegrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory i.tegration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

Apolipoprotein A-i binding protein-medi.ted neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury i.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hami.ton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

the role of botulinum toxin in the management of nonneurogenic overactive bladder in children:Highlights for clinical practice.A systematic review

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Current Urology 2024年第1期18卷 1-6页

作者： José A.Câncio Martins Bissaia Barreto Maria i.táboas Simões Gongalo Gomes Engenheiro Joana i.Ferreira Matos Joana A.Rodrigues Leal Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e VougaSanta Maria da FeiraPortugal

Overactive bladder(OAB)is the most common voiding dysfunction in children;however,nonneurogenic or idiopathic OAB remains poorly ***-line treatment includes conservative measures;however,as many patients are refractory,have adverse effects,or are contraindicated for anticholinergics,new options must be *** review covers the use of i.travesical botulinum toxin(BoNt)for idiopathic OAB treatment in children,emphasizing its efficacy,safety,differences between toxins,doses,and injection *** results were promising,with all 8 studies reporting good *** authors used BoNt type A(BoNt-A),either onabotulinum or abobotulinum toxin *** rates were variable,with full-response percentages of 32%-60%.As proven by the full-response rates of 50%,repeated injections are as safe and effective as first *** a few cases of urinary tract infection,transient urinary retention,and hematuria have been reported,with no major local or systemic adverse *** these limitations,evidence encourages and supports BoNt-A use as a safe and effective treatment modality for refractory idiopathic OAB in pedi.tric set-tings,regardless of dosage and target *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first systematic review of the use of i.travesical BoNt-A for idiopathic OAB treatment in children.

关键词： Botulinum toxin idiopathic detrusor overactivity idiopathic overactive bladder Nonneurogenic detrusor overactivity Nonneurogenic overactive bladder

transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.iMRAN t.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

this paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. the influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteri.tics. to depi.t the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteri.tics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).the effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature di.tributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the vari.tions in skin fri.tion, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmi.t number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmi.t number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid oscillating curved stretchable sheet gyrotactic microorganism Cattaneo-Chri.tov heat and mass flux chemical reaction analytical solution O368

Structural,electronic,optical,and magnetic properties of Co-doped Cu2O

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第2期26卷 387-391页

作者： i Djabri.t Rezkallah F Chemam Laboratoire de la Physique Appliquee et theorique Departement des Sciences de la matiere Universite Laarbi tebessi tebessa Algeri

We investigate the magnetic properties of Co-doped Cu_2O. We studied first the electronic and structural properties of Cu_2O using the optimization of the lattice constant which is 4.18 . the calculated gap is found between 0.825 eV and1.5 eV, these values are in good agreement with the experimental results. the Co atoms are inserted in Cu_2O by means of the density functional theory（DFt） using LSDA, LSDA ＋U, and LSDA ＋ MBJ approximations in the WiEN2 k code, based on the supercell model by setting up 12, 24, and 48 atoms in（1×1 × 2）,（1 × 2 × 2）, and（2 × 2×2） supercells respectively with one or two copper atoms being replaced by cobalt atoms. the energy difference between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling of the spins located on the substitute Co has been calculated in order to obtain better insight i.to the magnetic exchange coupling for this particular compound. the studied compound exhibits stable i.teger magnetic moments of 2 μBand 4 μBwhen it is doped with 2 atoms of Co. Optical properties have also been worked out. the results obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of the magnetic effect in Cu_2O.

关键词： Cu2O electronic structure magnetic properties optical properties

Optical properties of cobalt xanthate films on different substrates

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i.ternational Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第7期21卷 736-740页

作者： i.A.Kariper t.zpozan Education Faculty Erciyes University Chemi.try Department Science FacultyErciyes University

Cobalt isopropyl xanthate thin films （CXtFs） were deposited via chemical bath deposition onto different substrates：commercial glass （CG）, indium tin oxide （itO）, and poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMM）. isopropyl xanthate was synthesized according to a method described in the literature. the cobalt nitrate and isopropyl xanthate were mixed in a beaker, which allowed the thin films to be deposited via a simple ion-ion mechanism. the transmission, reflectivity, refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical conductivity were investigated for various thin films coated onto different substrates. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical properties of the thin films. the lowest value of the transmission and the highest value of the refractive index were observed for the thin films deposited onto PMM. the structure of the cobalt xanthate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FtiR） spectroscopy, which was measured using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 400 spectrometer. the stretching vibration of the Co-S bonds was observed at 359 cm^-1 in the FtiR spectrum of the CXtFs.

关键词： thin films cobalt compounds xanthates chemical deposition optical properties

Prognostic impact of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： Macarena teja María i Garrido Abrahams Ocanto Felipe Counago Department of Radi.tion Oncology GenesisCare-San Francisco de Asís University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radi.tion Oncology GenesisCare-Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalMadrid 28010Spain National Director GenesisCare SpainMadrid 28043Spain Department of Medicine School of MedicineHealth and SportEuropean University of MadridMadrid 28670Spain

Pancreatic cancer is usually associ.ted with a poor *** is the main curative treatment but pancreatic operations are aggressive and new tools that help clinicians to predi.t surgical and prognostic outcomes are *** et al recently published a retrospective,single centre cohort study evaluating the impact of seven nutritional and inflammatory markers in pancreatic cancer surgical patients:the albumin-to-globulin ratio,prognostic nutritional index(PNi),systemic immune-inflammation index(Sii),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),nutritional risk index,and the geri.tric nutritional risk index.A significant correlation was found between the PNi,Sii,NLR,and PLR and a hospital discharge of less than 15 *** a univariable analysis,PNi,Sii,NLR and PLR were significantly related to recurrence-free survival and,in a multivariable analysis PNi was associ.ted with overall *** meta-analyses corroborate the results in terms of prognosis but individual studies are discordant on their ***,the cut-off values for these markers vary significantly between studies and there are no clinical trials comparing them to identify the most relevant *** are limitations when implementing nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers i.to clinical practice and further studies are needed in order to answer these questions.

关键词： inflammatory biomarkers Nutritional biomarkers Pancreatic cancer Prognosis Surgical complications