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individual differences in transcranial electrical stimulation current density

The journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第6期27卷 495-508页

作者： Michael j Russell Theodore Goodman Ronald Pierson Shane Shepherd Qiang Wang bennett Groshong David F Wiley Aaken Research institute Inc. Sutter Center for Psychiatry Brain image Analysis LLC Radiological Associates of Sacramento Inc. Stratovan Corp.

Transcranial electrical stimulation （TCES） is effective in treating many conditions, but it has not been possible to accurately forecast current density within the complex anatomy of a given subject＇s head. We sought to predict and verify TCES current densities and determine the variability of these current distributions in patient-specific models based on magnetic resonance imaging （MRi） data. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment estimated conductivity from MRis and compared the current density results against actual measurements from the scalp surface of 3 subjects. in the second experiment, virtual electrodes were placed on the scalps of 18 subjects to model simulated current densities with 2 mA of virtually applied stimulation. This procedure was repeated for 4 electrode locations. Current densities were then calculated for 75 brain regions. Comparison of modeled and measured external current in experiment 1 yielded a correlation of r = .93. in experiment 2, modeled individual differences were greatest near the electrodes （ten-fold differences were common）, but simulated current was found in all regions of the brain. Sites that were distant from the electrodes （e.g. hypothalamus） typically showed two- fold individual differences. MRi-based modeling can effectively predict current densities in individual brains. Significant variation occurs between subjects with the same applied electrode configuration. individualized MRi- based modeling should be considered in place of the 10-20 system when accurate TCES is needed.

关键词： Ri modeling current density transcranial-stimulation tDCS

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investigation of the Holding Capability of the Dielectrophoretic Gate and Sorter System for Biodetection

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Open journal of Applied Biosensor 2013年第2期2卷 65-75页

作者： Hongjun Song Ziliang Cai Dawn j. bennett CFD Research Corporation Huntsville USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Science Mathematics and Technology Division Burlington County Community College 500 College Circle Mt Laurel USA

The dielectrophoretic gate and sorter system has been widely applied for preconcentrating and sorting of bioparticles for biodetection. in such systems, the dielectrophoretic force is generated by applying an AC electric field on the three dimensional electrode systems (containing a pair of electrodes on the top and bottom of the channel). Particles are held and sorted by balancing the DEP force with the hydrodynamic drag force. The holding capability is very important for such systems because it determines the preconcentration and sorting efficiency. in this paper, we investigate the holding capability of a simple dielectrophoretic gate system. initially, a three dimensional numerical scheme was introduced to estimate the holding capability and was further validated by comparing with experimental results. Second, we systematically investigated the effects of the phase difference between the top and bottom electrodes;the height and width of the channel, and the relative position and size of top and bottom electrodes. The results demonstrated that the maximum holding capability is reached when the phase difference between the top and bottom electrodes is around 180o. The results also show that the holding capability varied with the size and relative position of electrodes on the top and bottom, and the maximum holding capability is obtained when the top and bottom electrodes had the same size and the centers of both electrodes overlapped.

关键词： Biodetection Dielectrophoresis Microfludic System Particle Separation

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Nonlinear optical performance of few-layer molybdenum diselenide as a slow-saturable absorber

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Photonics Research 2018年第7期6卷 674-680页

作者： GAOZHONG WANG GUANGXiNG LiANG AiDAN A.BAKER-MURRAY KANGPENG WANG jiNG jiNG WANG XiAOYAN ZHANG DANiEL bennett jiNG-TiNG LUO jUN WANG PiNG FAN WERNER j.BLAU Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications College of Physics and Energy Shenzhen University School of Physics and the Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) Trinity College Dublin Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are considered promising materials for next-generation photonics and nano-optical devices. Although many previous reports have shown saturable absorption of molybdenum diselenide(Mo Se2), these nonlinear optical(NLO) properties of Mo Se2 were measured in separate works and under different conditions with their hot-carrier relaxations. Here, we conducted a series of coherent studies on the NLO properties of few-layer Mo Se2 via open-aperture Z-scan and degenerate pump-probe techniques. These measurements were taken to test the materials' capabilities as a slow-saturable absorber. A slowabsorber model was employed to analyze the NLO measurements, and the results show that the NLO modulation depth was modeled to be 7.4% and 15.1% for the linear absorption coefficients of 5.22 cm-1 and 6.51 cm-1,respectively. The corresponding saturated intensities were modeled to be 39.37 MW∕cm2 and 234.75 MW∕cm2,respectively. The excitation carrier recovery time of few-layer Mo Se2 was measured by degenerate pump-probe techniques to be ～220 ps. These nonlinear optical performances make it a promising slow-saturable absorber for passive mode locking in femtosecond lasers.

关键词：金属双卤纳米技术发展现状通讯技术

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Resident accuracy in locating the common femoral vein in normal weight vs. obese patients

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Open journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2013年第3期3卷 105-108页

作者： Leigh Patterson jeremy j. bennett Kori Brewer Department of Emergency Medicine East Carolina University Greenville USA

Objectives: Ultrasound guidance increases the success of internal jugular central venous catheter (CVC) placement. The common femoral vein (CFV) is considered an easier site and physicians frequently place CFV CVCs using anatomical landmark guidance. No research has demonstrated the effect of patient weight on placement of a femoral CVC. The authors hypothesized that resident physicians could determine by anatomical landmarks the insertion site of a femoral CVC in normal and overweight adults. Methods: investigators consented adult patients in the Emergency Department to serve as study models. Patients were grouped by BMi: Normal (BMi (BMi > 25). PGYi-iii Emergency Medicine residents who volunteered to participate were included. Residents inspected and palpated the inguinal regions on a patient and marked the patient’s skin directly over the CFV. A faculty member assessed success using a 10 MHz linear probe (Sonosite Micro Maxx) centered over the mark. The attempt was successful if the mark was directly over the CFV and unsuccessful if distal, lateral, or medial to the CFV. Results: Nineteen residents (6 PGYi, 7 PGY ii, and 6 PGYiii) assessed 17 patients. There were 43 attempts on Normal patients and 57 attempts on Overweight patients. The success rate on Normal patients was 74% and on Overweight patients was 42% (p = 0.0021). Conclusion: Residents were more successful in correctly identifying the CFV by anatomical landmarks in Normal patients. Training year had no effect on success. Ultrasound guidance may increase the success rate of placing a femoral CVC in patients with BMi > 25.

关键词： Ultrasound Central Venous Access Obesity

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SAR of tricyclic sulfones as γ-secretase inhibitors

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第11期54卷 1688-1701页

作者： COLE David ASBEROM Ted BARA Tom bennett Chad BURNETT Duane A. CLADER john DOMALSKi Martin GREENLEE William j. HYDE Lynn jOSiEN Hubert McBRiAR Mark McKiTTRiCK Brian PiSSARNiTSKi Dmitri RAjAGOPALAN Murali SASiKUMAR Thavalakulamgara Merck Research Laboratories 2015 Galloping Hill RoadKenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA

Novel tricyclic sulfones as γ-secretase inhibitors have been reported by this laboratory for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Compounds in this series have comparable or better in vitro activities and in vivo efficacies than sulfonamide analogues re- ported previously by this laboratory. Based on the previously reported tricyclic sulfone scaffold, additional SAR studies of C ring were carried out. Various C-ring structures including cyclohexane, pyran, and piperidine were tolerated. Additionally, the 7- and 8- positions of the C-ring were identified as the best sites to introduce substituent for modulating the pharmacokinetic properties of compounds from this series.

关键词：酶抑制剂三环特区分泌阿尔茨海默氏症砜磺胺类药物动力学性质

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Understanding the Properties of Silicon Solar Cells Aluminium Contact Layers and its Effect on Mechanical Stability

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第2期4卷 118-127页

作者： V. A. Popovich M. P. F. H. L. van Maris M. janssen i. j. bennett i. M. Richardson Department of Materials Science & Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands Solar Energy PV Module Technology Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands Petten The Netherlands.

As the thickness of silicon solar wafer and solar cells becomes thinner, the cells are subjected to high stress due to the thermal coefficient mismatch induced by metallization process. Handling and bowing problems associated with thinner wafers become increasingly important, as these can lead to cells cracking and thus to high yield losses. The goal of this work to provide experimental understanding of Al rear side microstructure development and mechanical properties as well as correlate the obtained results with fracture behaviour of the cell. it is shown that the aluminium back contact has a complex microstructure, consisting of five main components: 1) the back surface field layer;2) a eutectic layer;3) spherical (3 - 5 μm) hypereutectic Al-Si particles surrounded by a thin aluminium oxide layer (200 nm);4) a bis- muth-silicate glass matrix;and 5) pores (14 vol%). it was concluded that the eutectic layer thickness and waviness depends on Al particle size, amount of Al paste and textured surface roughness of silicon wafers. The Young’s modulus of the Al-Si particles is estimated by nano-indentation and the overall Young’s modulus is estimated on the basis of bowing measurements and found to be ~43 GPa. it was found, that there is a relation between aluminium paste composition, eutectic layer thickness, mechanical strength and bowing of solar cells. Three main parameters were found to affect the mechanical strength of mc-silicon solar cells with an aluminium contact layer, namely the eutectic layer thickness and uniformity, the Al layer thickness (which results from the Al particle size and its distribution), and the amount of porosity and the bismuth glass fraction.

关键词： Al Back Contact Fracture Strength Bowing Young’s Modulus Silicon Solar Cell

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Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第1期1卷 81-99页

作者： William M.Twardek ian G.Cowx Nicolas W.R.Lapointe Craig Paukert T.Douglas Beard Elena M.bennett David Browne Andrew K.Carlson Keith D.Clarke Zeb Hogan Kai Lorenzen Abigail j.Lynch Peter B.Mcintyre Paulo Pompeu Mark Rogers Alexis Sakas William W.Taylor Taylor D.Ward Zeenatul Basher Steven j.Cooke Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental StudiesCarleton University1125 Colonel By DrOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Fisheries institute at the University of Hull Cottingham RdHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Canadian Wildlife Federation 350 Michael Cowpland DrKanataONK2M 2W1Canada U.S.Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211United States U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center12201 Sunrise Valley DriveMS-516RestonVA20192United States McGill School of Environment McGill University845 Sherbrooke St WMontrealQuebec H3A 0G4Canada Princeton Environmental institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityM30 Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544United States Ecological Sciences Section Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans CanadaCanadaPO Box/CP 5667St.John'sNewfoundland and LabradorA1C 5X1Canada University of Nevada Reno.4505 S Maryland PkwyLas VegasNV89154United States Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of Florida7922 NW 71st StreetGainesvilleFL32653United States Department of Natural Resources Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853United States Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de LavrasAquenta SolLavrasState of Minas Gerais37200-900Brazil U.S.Geological Survey Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research UnitTennessee tech UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States The Nature Conservancy 6375 Riverside DriveSuite 100DublinOH43017United States Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and WildlifeEast LansingMI48823United States

Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater *** that we have entered the Anthropocene,there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a‘sustainable’Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish *** elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes(i.e.,‘bright spots’)is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers,intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems,and re-license existing *** approach this from a pragmatic perspective:for the foreseeable future,hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable *** offer support for moving toward a more‘sustainable’Anthropocene,we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting,design,construction,operation,and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland *** each phase,we offer positive examples(or what might be considered‘bright spots’)pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses,acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and(or)societal detriment by all *** findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basinscale planning,infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish,construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage,operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions,and compensation that is lasting,effective,inclusive,and locally *** from these‘bright spots’may require engagement of diverse stakeholders,professionals,and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site,river,or even ***,environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions

关键词： Migration Dams Salmon Hydroelectric Flow Socioecological Fish passage Barriers Ecosystems

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Efficacy of super-pulsed 905 nm Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the management of Traumatic Brain injury (TBi): A case study

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World journal of Neuroscience 2012年第4期2卷 231-233页

作者： William Stephan Louis j. Banas Matthew bennett Huseyin Tunceroglu bennett Health and Wellness New York USA University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences New York USA William Stephan M.D. Limited Liability Company (LLC) New York USA

Traumatic brain injury is a major health concern worldwide with massive financial and social impact. Conventional treatments primarily focus on the prevention of further damage to the brain parenchyma, while failing to address the already existent symptoms. Previous clinical studies have shown that Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) can significantly reduce pain and induce temporary vasodilation in capillaries, which the authors hypothesize can be used to improve the quality of life in TBi patients by treating their current symptoms, which are predominately migraine-like headaches. This case report illustrates the use of LLLT in the treatment of a patient with a TBi and the great clinical success achieved in the reduction of pain, as measured by VAS—achievable within five treatments of 10 minutes in duration.

关键词： Traumatic Brain injury Low Level Laser Therapy LLLT Chronic Migraines Headaches

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iNCOMMENSURATE PHASES iN CHARGEDENSiTY WAVE SYSTEMS

INCOMMENSURATE PHASES IN CHARGEDENSITY WAVE SYSTEMS

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Sixteenth Congress of the international Union of Crystallography

作者： j.C bennett F.W.Boswell Dept of Physics University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada T6G 1K7 Dept of Physics University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada N2L 3G1

＜正＞Charge-density waves（CDW）,a coupled modulation of the conduction electron density and crystal lautice,have been reported in a iarge number of structurally anisotropic *** CDW modulations,which are in general incommensurate with the periodicity of the undistorted lauice,occur in materials encompassing a wide range of chemical and physical ***,in spite of lids diversity,

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Application of the New Gene Gm6 Against Rice GallMidge in Resistance Breeding Through PCR-BasedMarker Aided Selection

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第8期2卷 875-880页

作者： LiHong XiEZhen-wen ZHOUShao-chuan S.K.Katiyar S.Constantino j.bennett HUANGBing-chao XiAOHan-xiang LULi-hua ZHANGYang RiceResearchinstitute GuangdongAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesCruangzhou510640P.R.China indiraGandiAgriculturalUniversity MadhyaPradesh492012India DivisionofPlantBreeding GeneticandBiochemistryInternationalRiceResearchInstituteP.0Box3127MCPOMakatiCity1271Philippines PlantProtectionResearchinstitute GuangdongAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesGuangzhou510640P.R.China

The research results of marker aided selection(MAS)for resistant varieties and lines against rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason successfully in 1999 - 2002 were reported in the present paper. The molecular markers linked to the gene Gm6 against rice gall midge were used to select and breed the resistant varieties and lines. The RAPD marker OPM06 was used to verify the existence actually of gene Gm6 in ten developed varieties resistant to gall midge such as Duokang1, Duokang2, Kangwen2, Kangwen3, Kang-wen5, Duokangzaozhan, Kangwenqinzhan, which were derived from Daqiuqi. For resistance breeding through PCRbased marker aided selection(MAS), the polymorphisms in the resistant and susceptible parents were i-dentified by RG476/Alu i and RG476/Sca i respectively. The RAPD marker OPM06(1.4 kb)was used to i-dentify 15 new resistance lines from F3 lines of Fengyinzhan1/Daqiuqi in 1999. 21 and 7 resistance lines were selected from F4 and F6 lines of KWQZ/Gui99(restored line of hybrid rice)using RG476/Alu i in 2000-2001 respectively. The Gm6 gene was transferred into the restored line of hybrid rice. in 2001 - 2002, RG214/ Hha i and G214/Sca i were used for selecting 11 and 5 resistance lines from F3 lines of KWQZ/iR56 and AXZ/KWQZ successfully. The application of the resistance gene through PCR-based marker aided selection is a new and effective approach in resistance breeding.

关键词： Rice Rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason insect resistance gene Gm6 Marker aided selection(MAS)

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