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Reliability-based design in rock engineering: Application of Bayesian regression methods to rock strength data

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 612-627页

作者： Nezam Bozorgzadeh John P.harrison Department of Civil Engineering GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s-RMC(Royal Military College of Canada)KingstonCanada Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Reliability-based design (RBD) is being adopted by geotechnical design codes worldwide, and it is therefore necessary that rock engineering practice evolves to embrace RBD. This paper examines the Hoek-Brown (H-B) strength criterion within the RBD framework, and presents three distinct analyses using a Bayesian approach. Firstly, a compilation of intact compressive strength test data for six rock types is used to examine uncertainty and variability in the estimated H-B parameters m and σc, and corresponding predicted axial strength. The results suggest that within- and between-rock type variabilities are so large that these parameters need to be determined from rock testing campaigns, rather than reference values being used. The second analysis uses an extensive set of compressive and tensile (both direct and indirect) strength data for a granodiorite, together with a new Bayesian regression model, to develop joint probability distributions of m and σc suitable for use in RBD. This analysis also shows how compressive and indirect tensile strength data may be robustly used to fit an H-B criterion. The third analysis uses the granodiorite data to investigate the important matter of developing characteristic strength criteria. Using definitions from Eurocode 7, a formal Bayesian interpretation of characteristic strength is proposed and used to analyse strength data to generate a characteristic criterion. These criteria are presented in terms of characteristic parameters mk and σck, the values of which are shown to depend on the testing regime used to obtain the strength data. The paper confirms that careful use of appropriate Bayesian statistical analysis allows the H-B criterion to be brought within the framework of RBD. it also reveals that testing guidelines such as the international Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (iSRM) suggested methods will require modification in order to support RBD. importantly, the need to fully understand the implications of

关键词： Reliability-based design(RBD) Hoek-Brown(HeB)criterion Bayesian regression indirect tensile strength Characteristic strength criterion

Moth diversity in three biofuel crops and native prairie in illinois

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insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 407-419页

作者： Terry harrison May R. Berenbaum Department of Entomology University of Ilfinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

The expanding demand for biofuel feedstock may lead to large-scale con- scription of land for monoculture production ofbiofuel crops with concomitant substantial negative impacts on biodiversity. We compared moth diversity in light-trap samples from corn, miscanthus, switchgrass and native prairie, to determine whether there is an observ- able relationship between plant species diversity and moth abundance and diversity. Moth alpha diversity was highest in prairie and was higher in switchgrass than in the other two biofuel crops. Beta diversity generally was low among the biofuel crops, and prairie shared lower beta diversity with switchgrass than with corn or miscanthus. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences in moth abundance per species among treatments. The alpha and beta diversity index findings are consistent with those of other studies on arthro- pods in biofuel crops and provide evidence to suggest that large-scale conversion of acreage to biofuel crops may have substantial negative effects on arthropod biodiversity both within the cropping systems and in the surrounding landscape.

关键词： agricultural landscapes biodiversity bioenergy ecosystem services moths prairies

Closing the Gap in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and interpretation

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international Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 213-220页

作者： Katon Harwood Joe Frye harrison Albo School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell University Lillington USA Department of Public Health Clemson University Clemson USA

Objective: The United States faces a health care provider shortage yearly in many areas of the country, but most of all the rural areas are most impacted. The aim of this paper is 2-fold: To understand the factors that drive a medical student’s specialty choice through a systematic review article and how government initiatives consider what is important to students, to understand how other clinicians can help close the gap in primary care in the United States and what policies or barriers prevent them from doing so. Methods: This paper looks at nationally collected data, as well as meta-analysis reviews on the topic to help the reader better understand the issue of health care provider shortages. Conclusion: We must change the way we look at primary care and rural medicine. Rather than investing money in avenues that yield little return on investment, we as a nation should strategically fund and advance the scope of practice for rural medicine to make it attractive and competitive for clinicians to pursue. Being in a large deficit of clinical providers in general in our country, we must try to find new pathways to grow coverage in rural areas before our health care system is no longer equitable.

关键词： Rural Medicine Healthcare Shortage Primary Care

BioTRiZ Suggests Radiative Cooling of Buildings Can Be Done Passively by Changing the Structure of Roof insulation to Let Longwave infrared Pass

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第1期5卷 55-66页

作者： Salmaan Craig David harrison Andrew Cripps Daniel Knott School of Engineering and Design Brunel UniversityLondon UB8 3PHUKBuro Happold LtdLondon W1T 1PDUK School of Engineering and Design Brunel UniversityLondon UB8 3PHUK Buro Happold Ltd London W1T 1PDUK

This paper demonstrates the application of a design tool called BioTRiZ. its developers claim that it can be used to access biological strategies for solving engineering problems. Our aim is to design a roof for hot climates that gets free cooling through radiant coupling with the sky. The insulation in a standard roof stops the sun and convection from warming the thermal mass. But it also restricts the mass＇s longwave view of the cool sky. Different solutions to this conflict are offered by BioTRiZ. The chosen solution is to replace the standard insulation component with an open cell honeycomb. The vertical cells would allow longwave radiation to pass, while arresting convection. The solutions offered by BioTRiZ＇s technological counterpart include no such changes in structure. it is estimated that the thermal mass in the biomimetic roof would remain on average 4.5℃ cooler than in a standard roof over a year in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

关键词： biomimetics TRiZ BioTRiZ radiative cooling building design passive design

Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Purple Acid Phosphatase Gene （MtPAP1） from Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic

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Journal of integrative Plant Biology 2006年第2期48卷 204-211页

作者： Kai Xiao Maria harrison Zeng-Yu Wang College of Agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China Boyce Thompson institute for Plant Research Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1801 USA Forage improvement Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

A novel purple acid phosphatase gene （MtPAP1） was isolated from the model legume Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic. The cDNA was 1 698 bp in length with an open reading frame （ORF） of 1 398 bp capable of encoding an N-terminal signal peptlde of 23 amino acids. The transcripts of MtPAP1 were mainly detected in leaves under high-phosphate conditions, whereas under low-phosphate conditions the transcript level was reduced in leaves and increased in roots, with the strongest hybridization signal detected in roots. A chimeric gene construct fusing MtPAP1 and GFPwas made in which the fusion was driven by the CaMV35S promoter. Transgenlc Arabidopsis plants carrying the chimeric gene constructs showed that the fusion protein was mainly located at the apoplast based on confocal mlcroecoplc analysis, showing that MtPAP1 could be secreted to the outside of the cell directed by the signal peptlde at the N-terminal. The coding region of MtPAP1 without signal peptlde was inserted into the prokaryotlc expression vector pET-30a （＋） and overexpressed in Escherichla coil BL21 （DE3）. The acid phosphatase （APase） proteins extracted from bacterial culture were found largely based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyecrylamlde gel electrophoresls. An enzyme activity assay demonstrated that the APase activity in the transformed bacteria was 3.16-fold higher than that of control. The results imply that MtPAP1 functions to improve phosphorus acquisition in plants under conditions of phosphorus （P） stress.

关键词： gene cloning gene expression MtPAP1.

Optimal control and energy storage for DC electric train systems using evolutionary algorithms

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第4期29卷 327-335页

作者： Sam Nallaperuma David Fletcher Robert harrison University of Cambridge CambridgeUK University of Sheffield SheffieldUK

Electrified railways are becoming a popular transport medium and these consume a large amount of electrical *** concerns demand reduction in energy use and peak power demand of railway ***,high transmission losses in DC railway systems make local storage of energy an increasingly attractive *** optimisation framework based on genetic algorithms is developed to optimise a DC electric rail network in terms of a comprehensive set of decision variables including storage size,charge/discharge power limits,timetable and train driving style/trajectory to maximise benefits of energy storage in reducing railway peak power and energy *** results for the considered real-world networks show a reduction of energy consumption in the range 15%–30%depending on the train driving style,and reduced power peaks.

关键词： Autonomous control intelligent transport systems Energy optimisation DC railway systems Energy regeneration

Hexagonal connectivity maps for Digital Earth

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第9期8卷 750-769页

作者： Ali Mahdavi-Amiri Erika harrison Faramarz Samavati Department of Computer Science University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Geospatial data are gathered through a variety of different *** integration and handling of such datasets within a Digital Earth framework are very important in many aspects of science and *** means of addressing these tasks is to use a Discrete Global Grid System and map points of the Earth’s surface to *** indexing mechanism is needed to access the data and handle data queries within these *** this paper,we present a general hierarchical indexing mechanism for hexagonal cells resulting from the refinement of triangular spherical polyhedra representing the *** this work,we establish a 2D hexagonal coordinate system and diamond-based hierarchies for hexagonal cells that enables efficient determination of hierarchical relationships for various hexagonal refinements and demonstrate its usefulness in Digital Earth frameworks.

关键词： Digital Earth framework hexagonal subdivision indexing triangulation hierarchy multiresolution

Simple diagnostic algorithm identifying at-risk nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients needing specialty referral within the United States

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第8期14卷 1598-1607页

作者： Naim Alkhouri Pankaj Aggarwal Phuc Le Julia Payne Celine Sakkal Prido Polanco Stephen harrison Mazen Noureddin Department of Hepatology Arizona Liver HealthChandlerAZ 85712United States Center for Value-Based Care Research Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Research Pinnacle ResearchSan AntonioTX 78229United States Department of Hepatology Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to risk stratify patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and identify those with fibrotic nonalcoholic *** study aims to apply a simple diagnostic algorithm to identify subjects with at-risk NAFLD in the general *** To apply a simple diagnostic algorithm to identify subjects with at-risk NAFLD in the general *** Adult subjects were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database(2017-2018)if they had elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and excluded if they had evidence of viral hepatitis or significant alcohol consumption.A fibrosis-4(FiB4)cutoff of 1.3 differentiated patients with low risk vs high risk *** patients had FiB4>1.3,a FAST scoreith FAST>0.35 were referred to a *** same algorithm was applied to subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).RESULTS Three thousand six hundred and sixty-nine patients were identified who met all inclusion and exclusion *** this cohort,911(28.6%)patients had elevated ALT of which 236(22.9%)patients had elevated FiB4 scores≥*** patients with elevated FiB4 score,75(24.4%)had elevated FAST scores,ruling in advanced *** accounts for 2.0%of the overall study *** this algorithm to 737 patients with T2DM,213(35.4%)patients had elevated ALT,85(37.9%)had elevated FiB4,and 42(46.1%)had elevated FAST *** accounts for 5.7%of the population with *** The application of this algorithm to identify at-risk NAFLD patients in need for specialty care is feasible and demonstrates that the vast majority of patients do not need subspecialty referral for NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology Diabetes Endocrinology Primary care

Differential roles of RiG-Ⅰ like receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Military Medical Research 2022年第2期9卷 262-264页

作者： Duo-Meng Yang Ting-Ting Geng Andrew G.harrison Peng-Hua Wang Department of immunology School of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA

Retinoic acid-inducible gene Ⅰ (RiG-Ⅰ) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) sense viral RNA and activate antiviral immune *** we investigate their functions in human epithelial cells,the primary and initial target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).A deficiency in MDA5,RiG-Ⅰ or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) enhanced viral *** expression of the type i/iii interferon(iFN) during infection was impaired in MDA5;and MAVS;,but not in RiG-Ⅰ;,when compared to wild type (WT) *** mRNA level of full-length angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),the cellular entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2,was approximately 2.5-fold higher in RiG-Ⅰ;than WT *** data demonstrate MDA5 as the predominant SARS-CoV-2 sensor,iFN-independent induction of ACE2 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 role of RiG-Ⅰ in epithelial cells.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Pathogen pattern recognition receptor Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 Retinoic acid-inducible geneⅠ