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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 73-85页

作者： Sanggwon An Sangsoo Choi hyeong rae kim Jungho Hwang School of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 02876Republic of Korea Gas Metrology Group Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The World Health Organization has raised concerns about the possibility of airborne transmission in enclosed and poorly ventilated ***,rapid monitoring of airborne viruses is necessary in multi-use facilities with dense ***,an electrostatic air sampler(250 L/min)was developed in this work to obtain indoor viral aerosol samples for analysis via the Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR).Aerosol tests with H1N1 and HCoV-229E were performed to evaluate the sample collection *** analysis,along with another aerosol test,was conducted to evaluate the recovery of the virus particles collected by the *** laboratory tests,our electrostatic sampler obtained viral samples that were detectable by PCR under the simulated viral pandemic scenario(3000 RNA copies per cubic meter of air)within 40 *** resulting cycle threshold(C)values were 35.07 and 37.1 for H1N1 and HCoV-229E,*** the performance evaluation in the laboratory,field tests were conducted in a university classroom from October 28 to December 2,*** A and HCoV-229E were detected in two air samples,and the corresponding C,values were 35.3 and *** PCR results are similar to those obtained from laboratory tests,considering the simulatedviralpandemic scenario.

关键词： Airborne virus Electrostatic sampler Rapid monitoring Indoor environment Field test

Ag-GST/HfO_(x)-based unidirectional threshold switching selector with low leakage current and threshold voltage distribution for high-density cross-point arrays

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 280-288页

作者： Kyoung-Joung Yoo Dae-Yun Kang Nahyun kim Ho-Jin Lee Ta-hyeong kim Taeho kim Tae Geun kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

The use of electrochemical-metallization-based volatile threshold switching selectors in cross-point arrays has been widely explored owing to their high on-off ratios and simple ***,these devices are unsuitable for cross-point architectures because of the difficulty in controlling the random filament formation that results in large fluctuations in the threshold voltage during *** this study,we investigated the unidirectional threshold transition characteristics associated with an Ag/GST/HfO_(x)/Pt-based bilayer selector and demonstrated the occurrence of a low leakage current(<1×10^(-11) A) and low distribution of the threshold voltage(Δ0.11 V).The bilayer structure could control the filament formation in the intermediate state through the insertion of an HfO_(x) tunneling *** stacking a bilayer selector with NiO_(x)based resistive random-access memory,the leakage and programming currents of the device could be significantly *** the crossbar array configuration,we performed equivalent circuit analysis of a one-selector oneresistor(1S1R) devices and estimated the optimal array size to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed *** maximum acceptable crossbar array size of the 1S1R device with the Ag/GST/HfO_(x)/Pt/Ti/NiO_(x)/Pt structure was 5.29×10^(14)(N^(2),N=2.3×10^(7)).

关键词： Selector device Tunneling barrier Threshold switching Sputtering 1S1R Cross-point array

Depolarization mitigated in ferroelectric Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)ultrathin films(<5 nm)on Si substrate by interface engineering

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 282-292页

作者： Se Hyun kim Younghwan Lee Dong Hyun Lee Geun hyeong Park Hyun Woo Jeong Kun Yang Yong Hyeon Cho Young Yong kim Min Hyuk Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science&TechnologyPohang 790784Republic of Korea

(Hf,Zr)O_(2)offers considerable potential for next-generation semiconductor devices owing to its nonvolatile spontaneous polarization at the ***,scaling this material to sub-5 nm thickness poses several challenges,including the formation of an interfacial layer and high trap *** particular,a low-k SiO_(2)interfacial layer is naturally formed when(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films are directly grown on a Si substrate,leading to high depolarization fields and rapid reduction of the remanent *** address these issues,we conducted a study to significantly improve ferroelectricity and switching endurance of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films with sub-5 nm thicknesses by inserting a TiO_(2)interfacial *** deposition of a Ti film prior to Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film deposition resulted in a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer and prevented the direct contact of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)with *** findings show that the high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer can reduce the SiO_(2)/Si interface trap density and the depolarization field,resulting in a switchable polarization of 60.2μC/cm^(2)for a 5 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)***,we propose that inserting a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer between the Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film and the Si substrate may offer a promising solution to enhancing the ferroelectricity and reliability of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)grown on the Si substrate and can pave the way for next-generation semiconductor devices with improved performance.

关键词： ferroelectric charge trapping hafnia depolarization

Catalpa bignonioides extract improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第2期14卷 47-54页

作者： Hoibin Jeong Dong-joo Lee Sung-Pil Kwon SeonJu Park Song-rae kim Seung Hyun kim Jae-Il Park Deug-chan Lee Kyung-Min Choi WonWoo Lee Ji-Won Park Bohyun Yun Su-Hyeon Cho Kil-Nam kim Seoul Center Korea Basic Science InstituteSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Chuncheon Center Korea Basic Science InstituteChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Research&Development Center Chungdam CDC JNPharm LLC.Chuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Technology Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyYonsei UniversityIncheon 21983Republic of Korea Gwangju Center Korea Basic Science InstituteGwangju 61751Republic of Korea Honam National Institute of Biological Resources 99Gohadoan-gilMokpo-siJeollanam-do58762Republic of Korea Department of Bio-analysis Science University of Science&TechnologyDaejeon34113Republic of Korea

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Catalpa bignonioides fruit extract on the promotion of muscle growth and muscular capacity in vitro and in ***:Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide *** proliferation was assessed using a 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)assay *** blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of related *** effects of Catalpa bignonioides extract were investigated in mice using the treadmill exhaustion test and whole-limb grip strength *** composition analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:Catalpa bignonioides extract increased the proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling *** also induced metabolic changes,increasing the number of mitochondria and glucose metabolism by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein *** an in vivo study,the extract-treated mice showed improved motor abilities,such as muscular endurance and grip ***,HPLC analysis showed that vanillic acid may be the main component of the Catalpa bignonioides extract that enhanced muscle ***:Catalpa bignonioides improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles,suggesting its potential as an effective natural agent for improving muscular strength.

关键词： Catalpa bignonioides Skeletal muscle Cell proliferation Mitochondria Energy metabolism C2C12

Pyrimidine nucleotide starvation induces a decrease in the number of effector T cells but not memory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第8期20卷 859-860页

作者： Gwanghun kim Hyun Mu Shin Hang-rae kim Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080Republic of Korea BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080Republic of Korea Medical Research Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080Republic of Korea Wide River Institute of Immunology Seoul National UniversityHongcheon25159Republic of Korea

Scherer et *** the influence of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis on T-cell responses after antigen stimulation,particularly on effector and memory T-cell development[1].Their work focused on the effect of leflunomide(trade name Avara®),which is a direct inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DHODH;a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide pathway and located on the inner mitochondrial membrane).In this pathway,DHODH converts dihydroorotate to orotate and has been implicated in the reduction of ubiquinol to ubiquinone mediated by Complex III in the electron transport *** metabolic effects of DHODH inhibition are unclear[2,3].However,it is known to block S-phase progression by activating *** was originally approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in 1998;the mechanism involves the induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation and *** studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of leflunomide for cancer[4].Despite the efficacy of leflunomide,the mechanism by which it targets immune cells in the treatment of RA was unknown;however,the work of Scherer and colleagues has shed new light on this mechanism.

关键词： mechanism rotate convert

Evaluation of immobilizing agents as soil quality conditioners in addition to their metal(loid) immobilizing effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 307-316页

作者： Chaw Su LWIN Mina LEE Young-Nam kim Gary OWENS Kwon-rae kim Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural UniversityYezinNaypyitaw 15013Myanmar Department of Smart-Agro Industry Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Science(IALS) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Environmental Contaminants Group Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustralianMawson Lakes SA 5095Australia

In trace metal (TM)-contaminated agricultural soils,management of TM availability is important for safe crop *** addition,maintenance or improvement of soil quality is vital for sustainable crop *** TM phytoavailability and increased soil quality can be achieved by the application of various immobilizing agents to soil,which can supply both macronutrients and organic *** study investigated the long-term influences of four common immobilizing agents on soil biogeochemical properties and the phytoavailability of TMs in mixed metal-contaminated soil from a cultivated upland near an abandoned mining *** (L),gypsum (G),fly ash (F),and animal manure-based compost (C) were applied to pots containing contaminated soil,either individually or in *** incubation for three years under sequential cultivation of two crops and fallow,soil biogeochemical properties were determined,and Brassica rapa plant bioassay was *** phytoavailability of all TMs (both cationic metals and anionic metalloids) remained significantly lower in soils treated with immobilizing agents even after three years,when compared with the no-agent control (CK) *** addition,the soil quality was significantly improved by treatment with immobilizing *** instance,the C and L+C treatments were the most effective in improving soil physical (bulk density,porosity,and water-resistant aggregate stability),chemical (pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,cation exchange capacity,and plant-available phosphorus,magnesium,and potassium),and biological (microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity) *** improvement of soil properties and lowering of TM bioavailability were also consistent with the most significant increase in *** biomass production observed in the C treatment,followed by the L+C,G+F,L,G,F,and L+G treatments,as compared with that in *** results indicate that the function of the TM-immobilizing agent as a soil qualit

关键词： crop production metal bioavailability metal immobilization metal phytoavailability soil amendments soil biogeochemical properties soil remediation trace metals

Aqueous-processable,naphthalene diimide-based polymers for eco-friendly fabrication of high-performance,n-type organic electrolyte-gated transistors

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第5期65卷 973-978页

作者： Dahyun Jeong Min Je kim Seungjin Lee Jin-Woo Lee Youngwoong kim hyeong Jun kim Jeong Ho Cho Bumjoon J.kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Republic of Korea

Organic electrolyte-gated transistors(OEGTs) have the benefits of low power consumption and large current ***,the electrical performance of n-type OEGTs lags far behind that of p-type *** this study,we design a series of polymers,P(NDITEG-T) and P(NDIMTEG-T),comprising a naphthalene diimide backbone for n-type charge transport and oligo(ethylene glycol)(OEG) side chains for high ionic conductivity and eco-friendly solution *** incorporation of the OEG chain facilitates the electrochemical doping of the semiconductor by ions to realize high-performance,n-type ***,in OEGTs,P(NDITEG-T) achieves a high electron mobility of 1.0 × 10^(-1) cm^(2) V^(-1) s^(-1),which represents the highest value reported for solution-processed,n-type *** is noted that the fabrication of the OEGTs is achieved by solution processing with eco-friendly ethanol/water mixtures in virtue of the hydrophilic OEG *** work demonstrates the molecular design of the P(NDITEG-T) polymer and its significant ability to produce aqueous-processable,high-performance,and n-type OEGTs.

关键词： organic electrolyte-gated transistors n-type transistors oligo(ethylene glycol)polymers eco-friendly solution process high electron mobility

Volumetric fluid analysis of fixed monthly anti-VEGF treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第6期16卷 909-914页

作者： Bo Hee kim In Boem Chang hyeong Gon Yu In Hwan Hong Department of Ophthalmology Kangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 03181Republic of Korea Seoul On Eye Clinic Seoul 03355Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoul 03080Republic of Korea Retina Center Sky Eye InstituteSeoul 06536Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Dongtan Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University Medical CenterHwaseong-siGyeonggido 18450Republic of Korea

·AIM:To evaluate visual outcomes and changes in fluid after administering monthly anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections to treat neovascular agerelated macular degeneration(n AMD)with subretinal fluid(SRF)and pigment epithelial detachment(PED).·METHODS:This prospective study included eyes with n AMD previously treated with as-needed anti-VEGF *** patients were treated with six monthly intravitreal injections of *** volumetric segmentation analyses of the SRF and PED were *** main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and SRF and PED volumes.·RESULTS:Twenty eyes of 20 patients were included in this *** the 6-month follow-up,BCVA and PED volume did not change significantly(P=0.110 and 0.999,respectively)but the mean SRF volume decreased from 0.53±0.82 mm3 at baseline to 0.08±0.23 mm3(P=0.002).The absorption rate of the SRF volume was negatively correlated with the duration of previous antiVEGF treatment(P=0.029).Seven of the 20 eyes(35%)showed a fluid-free macula and significant improvement in BCVA(P=0.036)by month 6.·CONCLUSION:Quantifying the SRF can precisely determine the patient’s responsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment of n AMD.

关键词： neovascular age-related macular degeneration anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment drug tolerance persistent subretinal fluid volumetric fluid analysis

Three-dimensionalization via control of laser-structuring parameters for high energy and high power lithium-ion battery under various operating con ditions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 93-102,I0004页

作者： Junsu Park hyeongi Song Inseok Jang Jaepil Lee Jeongwook Um Seong-guk Bae Jihun kim Sungho Jeong hyeong-Jin kim Ground Technology Research Insutitute Agency for Defense Development.P.O.Box 35Yuseong-guDaejeon 34186Republic of Korea Graduate School of Energy Convergence Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology123 Cheomdangwagi-ro.Buk-guGwangju 61005Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology123 Cheomdangwagi-ro.Buk-gu.Gwangju 61005Republic of Korea

Laser-structuring is an effective method to promote ion diffusion and improve the performance of lithium-ion battery(LIB)*** this work,the effects of laser structuring parameters(groove pitch and depth)on the fundamental characteristics of LIB electrode,such as interfacial area,internal resistances,material loss and electrochemical performance,are investigated,LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2) cathodes were structured by a femtosecond laser by varying groove depth and pitch,which resulted in a material loss of 5%-14%and an increase of 140%-260%in the in terfacial area between electrode surface and *** is shown that the importance of groove depth and pitch on the electrochemical performance(specific capacity and areal discharge capacity)of laser-structured electrode varies with current *** pitch is more im porta nt at low current rate but groove depth is at high curre nt *** the mapping of lithium concentration within the electrodes of varying groove depth and pitch by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,it is verified that the groove functions as a diffusion path for lithium *** ionic,electronic,and charge transfer resistances measured with symmetric and half cells showed that these internal resistances are differently affected by laser structuring parameters and the changes in porosity,ionic diffusion and electronic *** is demonstrated that the laser structuring parameters for maximum electrode performance and minimum capacity loss should be determined in consideration of the main operating conditions of LIBs.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Laser structuring Energy density Power density Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Lithium-ion diffusion

Use of various MgO resources for high-purity Mg metal production through molten salt electrolysis and vacuum distillation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第2期11卷 562-579页

作者： hyeong-Jun Jeoung Tae-Hyuk Lee Youngjae kim Jin-Young Lee Young Min kim Toru HOkabe Kyung-Woo Yi Jungshin Kang Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 124 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34132South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul 08826South Korea Department of Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34113South Korea Korea Institute of Materials Science 797 Changwondae-roSeongsan-guChangwonGyeongnam 51508South Korea Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8505Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National University2 Busandaehak-roGeumjeong-guBusan 44241South Korea

A green and effective electrolytic process was developed to produce high-purity Mg metal using primary and secondary resources containing Mg O as a feedstock. The electrolysis of various Mg O resources was conducted using a Cu cathode in MgF2– LiF – KCl molten salt at 1043 K by applying an average current of 1.44 A for 12.5 h. The electrolysis of calcined North Korean magnesite and seawater Mg O clinker yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 89.6–92.4%. The electrolysis of oxidized Mg O-C refractory brick, aged ferronickel slag, and ferronickel slag yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 59.3–92.3%. The vacuum distillation of Mg alloys obtained was conducted at 1300 K for 10 h to produce high-purity Mg metal. After vacuum distillation, Mg metal with a purity of above 99.994% was obtained. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the production of high-purity Mg metal from various Mg O resources using a novel electrolytic process with a Cu cathode, followed by vacuum distillation.

关键词： High-purity magnesium Magnesium oxide resources Electrolytic process Metal cathode Vacuum distillation