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Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14598-14614页

作者： Hsin-Yun Sun Wang-Huei Sheng Mao-Song Tsai Kuan-Yeh lee Sui-Yuan Chang Chien-Ching hung Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma *** to the shared modes of transmission,coinfection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is not *** is estimatedthat 10%of HIV-infected patients worldwide are coinfected with *** areas where an HBV vaccination program is implemented,the HBV seroprevalence has declined *** HIV/HBV-coinfected patients,HBV coinfection accelerates immunologic and clinical progression of HIV infection and increases the risk of hepatotoxicity when combination antiretroviral therapy(cART)is initiated,while HIV infection increases the risk of hepatitis events,cirrhosis,and end-stage liver disease related to chronic HBV *** the advances in antiviral therapy,concurrent,successful longterm suppression of HIV and HBV replication can be achieved in the cART *** reduce the disease burden of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients,adoption of safe sex practices,avoidance of sharing needles and diluent,HBV vaccination and use of cART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine or lamivudine are the most effective ***,due to HIV-related immunosuppression,using increased doses of HBV vaccine and novel approaches to HBV vaccination are needed to improve the immunogenicity of HBV vaccine among HIV-infected patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Seroepidemiology Sexually transmitted diseases Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor Vaccination

On a Heuristic Point of View about the Generalization of Curie Law to Cosmic Higgs Fields with the Casimir Effect

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第9期12卷 3135-3147页

作者： hung-Te Henry Su Po-Han lee Department of Physics National Chung Cheng University Chia-Yi Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei City The Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City

Condensed state physics demonstrates that the Curie temperature is the point at which spontaneous magnetization drops to zero, marking the critical transition where ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials transform into paramagnetic substances. Below the Curie temperature, a material remains ferromagnetic;above it, the material becomes paramagnetic, with its magnetic field easily influenced by external magnetic fileds. For example, the Curie temperature of iron (Fe) is 1043 K, while that of neodymium magnets ranges from 583 to 673 K. From both physics and mathematics perspectives, examining the temperature properties of materials is essential, as it provides valuable insights into their electromagnetic and thermodynamic behaviors. This paper makes a bold assumption and, for the first time, carefully verifies the existence of a Casimir temperature at 0.00206 K under conditions of one-atomic spacing.

关键词： Curie Temperature Curie Point Casimir Temperature Critical Point Fields Materials One-Atomic Spacing

A Model of Grand Unified Theory: Suggested Solution for CP-Violation Using Ideas of Phase Paths

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第4期10卷 1878-1902页

作者： hung-Te Henry Su Po-Han lee Department of Physics National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei City The Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City

This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for the derivation of the fine structure constant with running points of α(t) ≈ 1/(136.9038) at high energy scales, based on electroweak interactions. Through the application of the Ising model, the running point of the elementary charge e at high energy scales is determined, and Coulomb’s law is actually derived from the Yukawa potential. Theoretically, based on S. Weinberg’s electroweak interaction theory, this study unifies the strong and electromagnetic forces by representing them with rYuka, and further advances the reconstruction of the SU(3)C×SU(1)L×U(1)EMframework on the basis of electroweak interaction concepts. In fact, the cosmic fundamental forces can interchange at the mass gap, defined as the Yukawa turning phase at rYuka ≃1.9404 fm, with the SU(3)Diag structural constant fijk on glueballs calculated, estimating a spectrum mass gap of ∆0 > 0.

关键词： BSM Electroweak Glueballs Ising Model Mass Gap S. Weinberg

Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 958-968页

作者： Yuan T.hung Andrea R.Hanson Pedro E.Urriola lee J.Johnston Brian J.Kerr Gerald C.Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1988 Fitch Ave.St.PaulMN 55108USA Professional Swine Management LLCCarthageIL 62321USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment AmesIA 50011USA West Central Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorrisMN 56267USA

Background: Maize oil is abundantly used in foods and feeds and is highly susceptible to oxidation. Consequently,commercially available antioxidants should be evaluated for effectiveness against lipid oxidation in swine diets. Our study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed oxidized maize oil and to determine effects of using antioxidants on oxidative status in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Two hundred eight weaned pigs were blocked by initial BW into 13 blocks, resulting in 4 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 6% unoxidized or oxidized maize oil, and 0 or 60 mg/kg of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), which was added after lipid oxidation. Data for growth performance were collected from 5 time periods of a two-phase feeding program(Phase 1 = d 0 to 12 and Phase 2 = d 13 to 34). Serum and liver samples were collected from one pig per pen, which had initial BW closest to average BW to determine oxidative status on d ***: Oxidized maize oil was heated for 12 h at 185 °C with 12 L/min of air, yielding a peroxide value(PV) of 5.98 m Eq O2/kg and TBARS of 0.11 mg MDA eq/g. Addition of TBHQ to diets containing oxidized maize oil decreased PV by 37% and increased the oil stability index by 69%. Final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F of pigs were not different among the four dietary treatments. However, pigs fed oxidized maize oil tended(P < 0.08) to increase hepatosomatic index by 5% compared with those fed unoxidized oil, and this was not affected by adding *** serum vitamin E concentration of pigs fed oxidized maize oil was less(P < 0.03) than pigs fed unoxidized oil,but this reduction was not reversed by adding TBHQ. Finally, the serum and liver selenium concentration were not different among the ***: The addition of TBHQ did not affect growth performance and vitamin E status in pigs fed moderately oxidized maize oil, but TBHQ reduced lipid oxidation, enhanced the oil stability, and appeared to redu

关键词： Growth performance Lipid oxidation Maize oil Nursery pigs TBHQ Vitamin E

The aqueous extract of brucea javanica reduces tumorigenicity of human lung cancer tumorspheres

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 866-880页

作者： Seung-Hun Kim Po-Wei Fan Chang-Heng Hsieh hsuan-Yuan Lin Wen-Hsin Wang Ming-Chung lee Kang Fang School of Life Science Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei 116Taiwan Brion Research Institute of Taiwan New Taipei City 231Taiwan

Aim:Therapy to overcome drug resistance by modulating epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is a viable approach to suppress the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.A previous study demonstrated that the seeds of an aqueous Brucea javanica(BJ)(L.)Merr(Simaroubaceae)extract containing quassinoid mixtures effectively inhibited the growth and alleviated tumorigenesis in H1975 cells of NSCLC by targeting T790M/L858R *** study aimed to further determine whether the aqueous BJ extract affects the enriched H1975 spheroids in suspension culture and mouse xenograft tumor ***:The spheroids of NSCLC adenocarcinoma H1975 cells were enriched in a serum-free *** growth rate of sphere propagation by aqueous BJ extract was determined in suspended culture and in colony-formation *** extract was fed orally to nude mice bearing xenograft *** resected tumors were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen *** markers were used to determine the pluripotency of tumors from mice treated with different concentrations of BJ ***:BJ extract was demonstrated to be effective against the propagation of the enriched *** animal models,oral administration of the aqueous BJ extract reduced spheroid *** alleviated growth of the established xenograft tumors can be attributed to the reduced drug resistance and induced apoptosis without distinct adverse *** evidence supports activated apoptotic death attenuated spheroid stemness of ***:As an effective treatment regime to assuage lung cancer,the indigenous BJ extract promises to obliterate drug resistance and the growth of cancer stem cell tumors from NSCLC cells harboring T790M/L858R EGFR.

关键词： Brucea javanica cancer stem cells drug resistance epidermal growth factor receptor lung cancer apoptosis

Living donor liver transplantation for Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第2期12卷 169-182页

作者： Ming Chao Tsai Chee-Chien Yong Chih-Che Lin Wei-Chen lee Chih-Chi Wang Chao-hung hung I-hsuan Chen Yu-Fan Cheng Chang-Chun Hsiao Tsung-Hui Hu Chao-Long Chen Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung School of Medicine College of MedicineNational Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Diagnostic Radiology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung

Background:Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)stage B(intermediate stage)hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is highly heterogeneous;thus,identifying the most effective treatment for individual patients represents a significant clinical ***,transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the only recommended treatment ***,we aimed to investigate the patient characteristics and outcomes of living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)for BCLC stage B ***:A total of 516 patients with BCLC stage B HCC who underwent LDLT(n=104)or did not undergo LDLT(non-LDLT;n=412)between 2004 to 2018 were analyzed by propensity score matching(PSM;1:4)*** influencing overall survival(OS)and recurrence were analyzed using Cox’s proportional hazards ***:Patients treated with LDLT achieved better OS than the non-LDLT group,including liver-and non-liver related survival(all P60 years(P=0.006),a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)>4(P=0.016)and>3 locoregional therapies(LRT)before LDLT(P60 years(P3 LRT before LDLT(P=0.001)were independent risk factors for *** a combination of age,NLR,and LRT before liver transplantation(LT),the patients can be divided into low-risk(none of risk),intermediate-risk(one of risk),and high risk(more than two of risk)*** were significant differences in the cumulative HCC recurrence(P<0.001)and mortality(P<0.001)rates among the three ***:LDLT may represent a valuable therapeutic option for selected patients with BCLC stage B HCC.

关键词： Living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B(BCLC stage B) intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)

Silk fibroin as an additive for cell-free protein synthesis

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第3期5卷 145-154页

作者： Marilyn S.lee Chia-Suei hung Daniel A.Phillips Chelsea C.Buck Maneesh K.Gupta Matthew W.Lux US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical and Biological Center 8567 Ricketts Point RoadAberdeen Proving GroundMD21010USA US Air Force Research Laboratory 217912th St.B652/R122 Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA US Naval Research Laboratory Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Bldg.42Room 3034555 Overlook Ave.WashingtonDC 20375UES Inc.4401 Dayton Xenia Rd.BeavercreekOH 45432USA

Cell-free systems contain many proteins and metabolites required for complex functions such as transcription and translation or multi-step metabolic *** into expanding the delivery of these systems by drying or by embedding into other materials is enabling new applications in sensing,point-of-need manufacturing,and responsive ***,silk fibroin from the silk worm,Bombyx mori,has received attention as a protective additive for dried enzyme formulations and as a material to build biocompatible hydrogels for controlled localization or delivery of biomolecular *** this work,we explore the effects of silk fibroin as an additive in cell-free protein synthesis(CFPS)*** of silk fibroin on CFPS activity and stability after drying,as well as the potential for incorporation of CFPS into hydrogels of crosslinked silk fibroin are *** find that simple addition of silk fibroin increased productivity of the CFPS reactions by up to 42%,which we attribute to macromolecular crowding ***,we did not find evidence that silk fibroin provides a protective effects after drying as previously described for purified ***,the enzymatic crosslinking transformations of silk fibroin typically used to form hydrogels are inhibited in the presence of the CFPS reaction *** attempts did not impact CFPS activity,but did yield localized protein aggregates rather than a *** discuss the mechanisms at play in these results and how the silk fibroin-CFPS system might be improved for the design of cell-free devices.

关键词： Cell-free systems Cell-free protein synthesis CFPS Silk fibroin Preservation

Boosting the oxygen evolution reaction performance of wrinkled Mn(OH)_(2) via conductive activation with a carbon binder

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 580-587,I0016页

作者： Kahyun Ham Jaewon lee Kiyoung lee Jaeyoung lee School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-RoIncheon 22212South Korea

Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most reliable approaches for environmental-friendly hydrogen *** of their stability and abundance,Mn-based materials have been studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which is a more sluggish reaction in the water splitting *** increase the OER activity of Mn,it is imperative to facilitate the structural change of Mn oxide to the active phase with Mn_(3)+species,known as the active ***,we present the relationship between the electronic conductivity in the catalyst layer and the formation of the Mn active phase,δ-MnO_(2),from wrinkled Mn(OH)_(2).Mn(OH)_(2) has poor conductivity,and it disrupts the oxidation reaction toward MnOOH orδ-MnO_(2).Adjacent conductive carbon to Mn(OH)_(2) enabled Mn(OH)_(2) to be oxidized toδ-MnO_(2).Furthermore,after repetitive cyclic voltammetry activation,the more conductive environment resulted in a higher density ofδ-MnO_(2) through the irreversible phase transition,and thus it contributes to the improvement of the OER activity.

关键词： Hydrogen production Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis Anodization Manganese oxide

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 1016 fusion neutrons with Q=0.01

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第11期24卷 47-53页

作者： Sing lee Institute for Plasma Focus Studies 32 Oakpark DriveChadstone VIC3148Australia Physics Department University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia INTI International University Nilai 71800Malaysia Fuse Energy Technologies Napierville QC J0J 1L0Canada

Existing conventional megajoule plasma focus machines with 2–3 MA are producing fusion neutron yields of several times 10^(11) in deuterium operation,the fusion yields predominantly being the beam-gas *** the current to 10 MA and using 50%–50%D-T mixture will scale the neutron yield towards 10^(16) D-T fusion *** this work,we derive the Lawson criterion for plasma focus devices with a beam-target fusion neutron mechanism,so that we may glimpse what future technological advancements are needed for a break-even Q=1 plasma *** perform numerical experiments with a present-day feasible 0.9 MV,8.1 MJ,11 MA machine operating in 100 Torr in 50%–50%D-T *** lee Code simulation gives a detailed description of the plasma focus dynamics through each phase,and provides plasma and yield parameters which show that out of 1.1×10^(19) fast beam ions produced in the plasma focus pinch,only 1.24×10^(14) ions take part in beam-target fusion reactions within the pinch,producing the same number of D-T *** remnant beam ions,numbering at least 10^(19),exit the focus pinch at 1.9 MeV,which is far above the 115 keV ion energy necessary for an optimum beam-target *** propose to regain the lost fusion rates by using a high-pressure D-T-filled drift-tube to attenuate the energy of the remnant beam ions until they reach the energy for the optimum fusion *** a fusion enhancement tube would further harvest beam-target fusion reactions by increasing the interaction path length(1 m)at increased interaction density(6 atm).A gain factor of 300 is conservatively estimated,with a final yield of 3.7×10^(16) D-T neutrons carrying kinetic energy of 83.6 kJ,demonstrating Q=0.01.

关键词： plasma focus simulation neutron enhancement fusion harvester plasma focus