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Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Rwanda:an update on their epidemiology and control

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 59-69页

作者： Nadine Rujeni domenica Morona Eugene Ruberanziza humphrey d.mazigo department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences School of Health SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of RwandaP.O.Box 3286NyarugengeRwanda department of Medical Parasitology School of MedicineCatholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Rwanda Biomedical Center Institute of HIVDisease Prevention and ControlMalaria and Other Parasitic Diseases DivisionNeglected Tropical Diseases and Other Parasitic Diseases UnitKigaliRwanda

Even though Rwanda lies within a region that has a high prevalence of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections,epidemiological information regarding these infections in the country remains *** present review attempts to compile the available data on schistosomiasis and STHs,from 1940 to 2014,to provide an insight on the epidemiological profile of these *** information will,in turn,support the design and implementation of sustainable control *** available records indicate that only Schistosoma mansoni and all the major species of STHs are endemic in *** 2008,the national prevalence of *** was reported to be 2.7%,ranging from 0 to 69.5%,and that of STH infections was 65.8%(diagnosed using the Kato-Katz technique).The prevalence of these infections varies from one district to another,with schoolchildren remaining a highly affected *** main control approach is mass drug administration using albendazole and praziquantel,mostly targeting school-aged children in school *** 2008,adult individuals living in areas with a prevalence of ***≥30%were also included in the mass drug administration ***,despite Rwanda achieving an almost 100%coverage of this programme in 2008-2010,the transmission of *** and STHs continues to take place,as illustrated by the most recent *** Rwanda is to achieve sustainable control and elimination of schistosomiasis and STHs,there is a need to revise the country’s control strategy and adopt an integrated control approach that involves a combination of measures.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Soil-transmitted helminths Control Epidemiology Rwanda

Praziquantel efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni among HIV-1 infected and uninfected adults living in fishing villages along Lake Victoria, Northwest Tanzania

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 440-448,439页

作者： humphrey d mazigo david W dunne Safari M Kinung’hi Fred Nuwaha department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology School of MedicineCatholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania department of disease Control and Environmental Health School of Public HealthCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda department of Pathology Division of Microbiology and ParasitologyCambridge UniversityTennis Court RoadCambridge CB21QPUK National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Research CentreP.O.Box 1462 MwanzaTanzania

Background:Animal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses,as determined by the levels of Cd4+cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses,determine the efficacy of *** on this evidence,it has been hypothesised that the immunodeficiency effects of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection may affect the efficacy of praziquantel in co-infected human ***,the present study assessed the efficacy of praziquantel by comparing parasitological cure rates and the reduction in infection intensity in HIV-1 seronegative individuals infected with *** and HIV-1 seropositive individuals co-infected with ***,following treatment with a single oral dose of ***:This was a prospective longitudinal study which included,at baseline,555 *** infected adults aged 21-55 years,who were either co-infected or not with HIV-1 and who lived in fishing villages along Lake Victoria in Northwest *** individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel(40 mg/kg)and,at 12 weeks,single stool samples were obtained and examined for *** eggs using the Kato-Katz *** prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and Cd4+cell ***:The parasitological cure rate did not differ significantly from the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.12):among the co-infected individuals,the cure rate was 48.3%(14/29),and among the individuals infected only with ***,the cure rate was 62.6%(329/526).The egg reduction rate did not vary with the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.22):77.22%for HIV-1 seronegative and 75%for HIV-1 seropositive *** level of Cd4^(+) cell counts(median 228 cells/μL:range 202-380 cells)did not influence the cure rate(P=0.23)or the reduction in the intensity of the infection(P=0.37).Conclusion:The HIV-1 infection per se or its moderate immunodeficiency effects,demonstrated by the range of Cd4^(+) cell counts observed in co-infected individuals,d

关键词： HIV-1 S.mansoni Co-infection Praziquantel Efficacy Tanzania

detection of Schistosoma mansoni dNA using polymerase chain reaction from serum and dried blood spot card samples of an adult population in North-western Tanzania

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 66-73页

作者： Antje Fuss humphrey dmazigo Andreas Mueller Medical Mission Institute Hermann-Schell-Str.797074 WuerzburgGermany department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology School of MedicineCatholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania department ofTropical Medicine Klinikum Wuerzburg Mitte gGmbHMedical Mission HospitalWuerzburgGermany.

Background:Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)is a sensitive and specific method for diagnosing ***,this method should be performed in a laboratory,usually located distant from the sample collection ***,it is important to have fast sampling preservation methods,which allow simple transport prior to dNA extraction and *** aim of this study was to verify if blood samples applied to filter paper are suitable for analysis of Schistosoma mansoni dNA by real-time ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 study participants aged 17 to 70 years in a fishing village on the southern shore of Lake Victoria,*** samples and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EdTA)-anticoagulated whole blood for preparation of dried blood spots(dBS)were collected to test for Schistosoma mansoni infection by real-time PCR.A combined diagnostic reference of positive results of serum-based real-time PCR and the Kato-Katz(KK)method was used for *** and negative predictive value(NPV)were *** Wilcoxon signed-rank test was chosen to compare the mean cycle threshold(Ct)values from serum and ***:According to the reference,92.5%*** positive samples were *** serum-based real-time PCR performed excellently with 95.4%sensitivity,whereas the dBS-based real-time PCR showed a low sensitivity(45.4%).The Ct-values were significantly higher in dBS(median:37.3)than in serum samples(median:27.5,PdNA load on the filter *** increasing egg counts,an increase in sensitivity was observed for all *** POC-CCA test and the serum-based real-time PCR showed a sensitivity of 100%for medium and severe *** dBS real-time PCR showed a sensitivity of only 85.7%even for severe ***:dBS-based real-time PCR did not provide good results in our study and therefore should not be recommended or must be tested concerning tempe

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Real-time PCR Circulating dNA dried blood spots Tanzania

Epidemiology andinteractions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-SaharanAfrica

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 6-16页

作者： humphrey d mazigo Fred Nuwaha Shona Wilson Safari M Kinunghi domenica Morona Rebecca Waihenya Jorg Heukelbach david W dunne department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology School of MedicineCathollc University of Health and Aled SclencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzanla department of Environmental Health and Communicable disease Control School of Public HealthCollege of Health SclencesMakerere UniversiyP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda National Institute for Medical.Research Mwanza Research CentreP.Q.Box 1462MwanzaTanzanla department of Pathology University of CambidgeTennis Court RoadCambridge CB21OPUK department of Zoology Faculty of SclenceJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyP.O.Box ***NairobiKenya department of Community Health School of MedicineFederal University of CearaCearaBail

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/AIdS and Schis tosoma mansoni are widespread in sub Saharan Africa and co-infection occurs *** the early 1990s,it has been suggested that the two infections may interact and potentiate the effects of each other within co-infected human ***,S mansoni infection has been suggested to be a risk factor for HIV transmission and progression in *** so,it would follow that mass deworming could have beneficial effects on HIV-1 transmission *** epidemiology of HIV in African countries is changing,shifting from urban to rural areas where the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is high and public health services are *** the other side,the consequent pathogenesis of HIV-1/*** co-infection remains *** we give an account of the epidemiology of HIV-1 and ***,discuss co-infection and possible biological causal relationships between the two infections,and the potential impact of praziquantel treatment on HIV-1 viral loads,Cd4^(+) counts and Cd4^(+)/Cd8^(+) *** review of the available literature indicates that there is evidence to support the hypothesis that *** infections can influence the replication of the HIV-1,cel-to-cell transmission,as well as increase HIV progression as measured by reduced Cd4^(+) T lymphocytes *** so,then deworming of HIV positive individuals living in endemic areas may impact on HV-1 viral loads and Cd4^(+) T lymphocyte counts.

关键词： Schitosoma mansoni HIV-1 Co-infections Immunological interactions deworming

Malaria among rice farming communities in Kilangali village,Kilosa district,Central Tanzania:prevalence,intensity and associated factors

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 911-920页

作者： humphrey d.mazigo Susan F.Rumisha Mercy G.Chiduo Veneranda M.Bwana Leonard E.G.Mboera department of Medical Parasitology Catholic University of Health and Allied SciencesMwanzaTanzania National Institute for Medical Research Dar es SalaamTanzania

Background:Malaria remains the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in ***,its prevalence varies from area to area depending on various ecological,socio-economic and health system *** study was carried out to determine malaria prevalence and associated factors among rice farming communities in the Kilangali village of Kilosa district in Central ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2015,involving randomly selected persons living in the six sub-villages of the Kilangali village,namely Mlegeni,Kisiwani,Makuruwili,Kwamtunga,Upogoroni and Chamwino.A finger prick blood sample was obtained for diagnosis of malaria infection using Giemsa-stained thick smears and a rapid malaria diagnostic *** participants were also screened for haemoglobin levels and a total of 570 children aged≤12 years of age were examined for spleen enlargement using the palpation ***:A total of 1154 persons were examined for malaria infection with mean age of 21.9±19.69 *** overall malaria prevalence was 14.2%and 17.5%based on microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic test,*** falciparum accounted for the majority(89%)of the malaria *** overall geometrical mean parasite density was 20.5 parasites/μL(95%CI:14.6-28.8).Malaria prevalence and parasitaemia was highest among individuals living in the Mlegeni(23.9%)and Makuruwili(24.4%)*** the children examined for splenomegaly,2.98%(17/570)had *** overall prevalence of anaemia was 34.6%.Malaria infection was associated with the age groups of 1-10 years(aOR=4.41,95%CI:1.96-9.93,Pd 11-20 years(aOR=6.68,95%CI:2.91-15.37,Pd mild anaemia(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.11-2.62,Pd moderate anaemia(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.01-2.39,Pd at the study setting and its prevalence varied according to the demographic characteristics of the study participants and between sub-villages that are closely loc

关键词： Malaria Prevalence Risk factors Rice farming Tanzania

Impact of Praziquantel on Schistosomiasis Infection and the Status of Proteinuria and Hematuria among School Children Living in Schistosoma mansoni-Endemic Communities in Northwestern Tanzania

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Advances in Infectious diseases 2022年第3期12卷 448-465页

作者： Neema Kayange Benson R. Kidenya Charles Muiruri Bahati Wajanga Karl Reis Rune Nathaniel Philemon Baraka Revocatus Evarist Msaki John Bartlett humphrey d. mazigo department of Pediatrics Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania department of Population Health Sciences Duke University Durham USA department of Internal Medicine Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania Centre for Global Health at Weill Cornell New York USA department of Paediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania department of Community Health Consultancy and Research Services Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania Tanzania duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham USA department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment on hematuria, proteinuria and the status of eGFR following treatment in school children infected with S. mansoni. A cohort study among 6 - 13 years old children was conducted in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania to assess S. mansoni infection using a circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), Kato Kartz while urine dipstick to screen for urine protein levels and red blood cells. A blood sample was taken for every child to determine creatinine levels and later a status of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 64%, 46%, and 24% at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year respectively using CCA test. There was a 62.5% reduction in S. mansoni infection from baseline (p S. mansoni using CCA test, reductions in proteinuria, and hematuria in school children in Tanzania. There was complete remission in eGFR 2 from 3.9% to 0% at 6 months. This suggests that praziquantel is effective, but there is still a need for integrated strategies to minimize reinfections.

关键词： Impact Schistosoma mansoni School-Aged Children Tanzania

Evaluation of serum-based real-time PCR to detect Schistosoma mansoni infection before and after treatment

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 114-120页

作者： Antje Fuss humphrey deogratias mazigo Andreas Mueller Medical Mission Institute Hermann-Schell-Str.797074 WuerzburgGermany School of Medicine Department of Medical Parasitology&EntomologyCatholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Klinikum Wuerzburg Mitte gGmbH Medical Mission HospitalDept.of Tropical MedicineWuerzburgGermany

Background:To detect acute schistosomiasis,low-intensity infections,or to verify the success of treatment with praziquantel,highly sensitive test methods are *** aim of this study was therefore to demonstrate the performance of Schistosoma mansoni specific dNA detection in serum and urine using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in an endemic area before and after ***:The study pursued a 1-week and 20-weeks longitudinal design with a treatment intervention among 36 study participants aged 18 to 70 years in the community of Kayenze,a fishing village in Ilemela district on the southern shore of Lake Victoria in north-western Tanzania between February and June ***,urine and stool samples were collected from each participant to diagnose Schistosoma mansoni infection before and two times after treatment with praziquantel using serum-and urine based real-time PCR,point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen(POC-CCA)rapid diagnostic test and the microscopic Kato-Katz(KK)*** coefficient(κ)was used to estimate the agreement between these diagnostic tests compared to a combined“gold standard”of positive results by serum-based real-time PCR and/or positive egg counts determined by ***’s Tau rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between cycle threshold(Ct)-values and egg counts and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the median Ct-values of the different examination time ***:By using the combined“gold standard”of the parasitological Kato-Katz test and/or serum-based real-time PCR,a *** prevalence of 77.1%could be determined at *** terms of sensitivity,serum-based realtime PCR(96.3%)and POC-CCA assay(77.8%)showed the highest *** detection of dNA from urine samples showed the lowest sensitivity(33.3%).Treatment with praziquantel resulted in a significantly reduced prevalence of *** infection could be detected by Kato-Katz,with the POC-CCA test only 33.3%.The an

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Real-time PCR Circulating dNA Tanzania

Challenges with disaster Mortality data and Measuring Progress Towards the Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 449-461页

作者： Helen K.Green Oliver Lysaght dell d.Saulnier Kevin Blanchard Alistair humphrey Bapon Fakhruddin Virginia Murray Global disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Canterbury district Health Board Christchurch 8140New Zealand disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Resilience Tonkin+TaylorAuckland 1141New Zealand

disasters exact a heavy toll ***,the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact,in particular mortality,remains *** is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale,type,and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in:(1)risk assessments;(2)developing disaster risk management programs;(3)determining the resources for response to emergencies;(4)the types of action undertaken in planning for prevention and preparedness;and(5)identifying research *** Sendai Framework for disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 s seven global disaster-impact reduction targets represent the first international attempt to systematically measure the effectiveness of disaster-impact reduction as a means of better informing policy with *** A of the Sendai Framework aims to‘‘substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030,aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.’’This article provides an overview of the complexities associated with defining,reporting,and interpreting disaster mortality data used for gauging success in meeting Target A,acknowledging different challenges for different types of hazard events and subsequent *** concludes with suggestions of how to address these challenges to inform the public health utility of monitoring through the Sendai Framework.

关键词： data disaster mortality disaster risk management disaster risk reduction Mass casualty Sendai Framework

The impact of storage conditions upon gentamicin coated antimicrobial implants

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第6期6卷 374-381页

作者： Nicholas d. Mullins Benjamin J. deadman humphrey A. Moynihan Florence O. McCarthy Simon E. Lawrence Jonathan Thompson Anita R. Maguirea department of Chemistry Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre University CollegeCork Ireland dePuy Synthes (Ireland) Loughbeg Ringaskiddy Co. Cork Ireland School of Pharmacy Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre University College CorkIreland

A systematic approach was developed to investigate the stability of gentamicin sulfate(GS) and GS/poly(lacticco-glycolic acid)(PLGA) coatings on hydroxyapatite *** influence of environmental factors(light,humidity,oxidation and heat) upon degradation of the drug in the coatings was investigated using liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection and mass *** coated rods were found to be stable across the range of environments assessed,with only an oxidizing atmosphere resulting in significant changes to the gentamicin *** contrast,rods coated with GS/PLGA were more sensitive to storage conditions with compositional changes being detected after storage at 60 °C,75% relative humidity or exposure to *** effect of γ-irradiation on the coated rods was also investigated and found to have no significant ***,liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that known gentamines C_1,C_1 aand C_2were the major degradants *** degradation of gentamicin coatings did not produce any unexpected degradants or impurities.

关键词： Gentamicin Coatings Storage stability testing LC–ELSd