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竹笋营养成分及其提取方法研究进展

世界林业研究 2024年第2期37卷 53-59页

作者：邵琼郭帆李雯卞方圆楼君杨慧敏国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心杭州310012 竹林生态与资源利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室杭州310012 杭州市富阳区农业技术推广中心杭州311400

中国竹资源非常丰富,有200多个竹种的竹笋可以食用,是世界上最大的竹笋生产和出口国。随着人们对绿色食品需求的增加,竹笋资源的开发利用已引起各国学者的关注。文中综述竹笋营养成分的组成、特点及不同竹种之间的差异,分析了竹笋营养... 详细信息

中国竹资源非常丰富,有200多个竹种的竹笋可以食用,是世界上最大的竹笋生产和出口国。随着人们对绿色食品需求的增加,竹笋资源的开发利用已引起各国学者的关注。文中综述竹笋营养成分的组成、特点及不同竹种之间的差异,分析了竹笋营养成分中膳食纤维、多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、留醇、黄酮等在改善消化系统、降低心血管疾病、控制血糖、抗炎、抗氧化等方面的作用机制和健康功效,并探讨主要营养成分提取技术和加工方法,最后提出竹笋次生代谢产物高值化利用、开发具有抗氧化等多功能竹笋新产品、新设备、新工艺等研究方向,以为竹笋产品深加工提供参考。

关键词：竹笋营养成分高值化利用

弧菌DS32褐藻胶裂解酶基因vralg1的异源表达和酶学性质研究

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应用海洋学学报 2024年第2期43卷 255-265页

作者：李慧敏邵宗泽路瑶杨江科周梅先武汉轻工大学生命科学与技术学院湖北武汉430023 自然资源部第三海洋研究所、自然资源部海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室福建厦门361005

对从福建省东山湾沉积物样品中筛选到的菌株Vibrio sp. DS32的褐藻胶裂解酶基因vralg1进行克隆和异源表达,并对其酶学性质进行评估。以DS32基因组为模板,克隆褐藻胶裂解酶基因vralg1,构建了pET-vralg1重组表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中实现... 详细信息

对从福建省东山湾沉积物样品中筛选到的菌株Vibrio sp. DS32的褐藻胶裂解酶基因vralg1进行克隆和异源表达,并对其酶学性质进行评估。以DS32基因组为模板,克隆褐藻胶裂解酶基因vralg1,构建了pET-vralg1重组表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中实现了异源表达,对重组酶VRALG1的酶学性质、底物特异性和完全降解产物等进行了测定。结果表明:重组酶VRALG1最适温度为35℃,在5~50℃范围内相对酶活力达到80%以上,最适pH为6.5~7.5,在pH为6.0~9.0范围内保温1 h后相对酶活力在90%以上;重组酶VRALG1最大反应速率为5.919 mmol/(L·min),米氏常数为3.712 mmol/L,最适条件下比活力为5.874 U/mg;K^(+)、Cs^(+)、Na^(+)、咪唑和乙醇对酶活性影响较小,5 mmol/L或50 mg/mL浓度下相对酶活力保持90%以上,EDTA对酶的抑制作用明显,1 mmol/L浓度下可使酶完全失活;重组酶VRALG1对海藻酸钠和聚古罗糖醛酸具有较高的降解活性,TLC分析显示产物主要为单糖、二糖和三糖混合物,结合底物特异性分析,推测重组酶VRALG1是具有明显聚古罗糖醛酸偏好性的内切型双功能褐藻胶裂解酶。本研究成功克隆了弧菌DS32中褐藻胶裂解酶基因并实现了其在大肠杆菌中的异源表达,所得重组酶VRALG1具有优良的海藻酸钠降解活性和明显的聚古罗糖醛酸偏好性,可以用于制备低聚合度的褐藻寡糖。

关键词：海洋生物学褐藻胶裂解酶褐藻寡糖克隆表达酶学性质聚古罗糖醛酸偏好性

基于套索算法和灰色模型的浙江省碳排放量分析与预测

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能源环境保护 2024年第3期38卷 152-161页

作者：洪竞科杜薇邵金劳慧敏重庆大学管理科学与房地产学院重庆400044 浙江省科技信息研究院浙江杭州310006

在我国“碳达峰、碳中和”的绿色低碳发展背景下,对碳排放量的周期性分析与准确预测具有重要的现实意义。以浙江省碳排放量为研究对象,引入变分模态分解方法提取多尺度信息,将套索算法(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator... 详细信息

在我国“碳达峰、碳中和”的绿色低碳发展背景下,对碳排放量的周期性分析与准确预测具有重要的现实意义。以浙江省碳排放量为研究对象,引入变分模态分解方法提取多尺度信息,将套索算法(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)和灰色模型GM(1,N)相结合,对浙江省的碳排放量进行深入分析和预测。首先,使用变分模态分解方法对浙江省碳排放量进行数据分解,分析其历史波动的周期性。其次,利用套索算法对影响碳排放的关键因素进行有效筛选,降低数据维度,提取主要特征。最后,结合“十四五”规划与实际发展路径,假设了常态、低碳、惯性发展情景,并采用GM(1,N)模型对浙江省2020—2030年碳排放量进行预测,克服了传统预测方法在处理非线性、小样本数据时的局限性,预测结果更加稳健。结果表明浙江省的碳排放量的主导因素包括第三产业占GDP的比重、私人汽车拥有量、全省固定资产投资、电力消费总量、研发强度、技术市场成交额6个指标。预计到2030年,仅低碳发展情景下的碳排放量达到峰值,为400.28 Mt,而常态发展情景的碳排放量为474.23 Mt,惯性发展情景为568.77 Mt,且常态发展情景和惯性发展情景下的碳达峰量在2030年后仍会有所增长。因此,建议浙江省继续优化产业结构、提升能源效率、增加低碳研发投入,稳扎稳打推进“碳达峰”目标。

关键词：碳排放量套索算法 GM(1,N) 预测

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血栓与止血学 2024年第1期30卷 10-15页

作者：苏醒宋振张慧敏邵帅中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所) 实验血液学国家重点实验室国家血液系统疾病临床医学研究中心细胞生态海河实验室天津医学健康研究院天津300021

目的经外周置入中心静脉导管是维持血液病患者静脉治疗的首选方法,本研究主要探究血液病患者在PICC置管后导管相关性静脉血栓(PICC-RVT)的发生率及其影响因素。方法通过回顾性分析2018年01月至2022年12月在中国医学科学院血液病医院(... 详细信息

目的经外周置入中心静脉导管是维持血液病患者静脉治疗的首选方法,本研究主要探究血液病患者在PICC置管后导管相关性静脉血栓(PICC-RVT)的发生率及其影响因素。方法通过回顾性分析2018年01月至2022年12月在中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所)置入PICC导管的4 345例患者,收集其一般资料、实验室指标、相关置管信息及用药情况。采用1∶5倾向性评分匹配(PSM)平衡血栓与非血栓组之间的基线特征,采用二元Logistic回归分析探究血液病患者PICC置管术后发生PICC-RVT的影响因素,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析对多因素结果进行验证。结果 4 345例血液病患者中有63人发生PICC-RVT,血栓发生率为1.45%。经PSM平衡后得到血栓组63例,非血栓组388例共451例。二元Logistic回归分析显示,影响血液病患者发生PICC-RVT的因素是诊断(OR=0.429,P<0.001)、体质指数(BMI)(OR=0.504,P<0.05)、白细胞计数(OR=0.443,P<0.001)、血小板计数(OR=1.902,P<0.05)、D-二聚体水平(OR=1.135,P<0.05)、是否输入血制品(OR=3.348,P<0.001)。ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.847,灵敏度0.794、特异性0.753,用于判断PICC-RVT有显著意义(P<0.001)。结论本研究结果显示诊断、BMI、WBC、PLT、D-二聚体水平和输入血制品会增加血液病患者PICC-RVT的发生几率,是其影响因素。

关键词：血液病 PICC 相关性静脉血栓影响因素 Logistic

Beyond two-dimension: One-and zero-dimensional halide perovskites as new-generation passivators for high-performance perovskite solar cells

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能源化学:英文版 2023年第8期83卷 189-208,I0007页

作者： Yuanyuan Zhao huimin Xiang Ran Ran Wei Zhou Wei Wang Zongping shao State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009JiangsuChina WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) as a rising star in the photovoltaic field have received rapidly increasing attention recently due to the boosting power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) from 3.8% to 25.7% in the last13 years. Nevertheless, the conventional PSCs with three-dimensional(3D) halide perovskites as light absorbers suffer from inferior PCEs and poor durability under sunlight, high-temperature and humid conditions due to the high defect amount and structural instability of 3D perovskites, respectively. To tackle these crucial issues, lower-dimensional halide perovskites including zero-dimensional(0D), onedimensional(1D), and two-dimensional(2D) perovskites have been employed as efficient passivators to boost the PCEs and durability of 3D-PSCs due to the high structural stability and superior resistance against moisture, heat and sunlight. Therefore, in order to achieve better understanding about the advantages and superiorities of combining low-dimensional perovskites with their 3D counterparts in improving the PCEs and durability of 3D-PSCs, the recent advances in the development and fabrication of mixeddimensional PSCs with 1D/0D perovskites as passivators are summarized and discussed in the review.The superiority of 1D/0D perovskites as passivators over 2D counterparts, the passivation mechanism and the methods of 1D/0D perovskites are also presented and discussed. Furthermore, the rules to choose1D/0D perovskites or relevant spacer cations are also emphasized. On this basis, several specific strategies to design and fabricate mixed-dimensional PSCs with 1D/0D perovskites are presented and discussed.Finally, the crucial challenges and future research directions of mixed-dimensional PSCs with 1D/0D perovskites as passivators are also proposed and discussed. This review will provide some useful insights for the future development of high-efficiency and durable mixed-dimensional PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Mixed-dimensional Passivators Stability Power conversion efficiency

Sodium fluoride sacrificing layer concept enables high-efficiency and stable methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 138-146页

作者： huimin Xiang Pengyun Liu Wei Wang Ran Ran Wei Zhou Zongping shao College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering(WASM-MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia

As next-generation photovoltaic devices,methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI_(3))-based organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have received considerable attention because of their cost effectiveness and high efficiency.However,their practical applications are retarded due to severe instability under moisture,thermal and sunlight conditions,which are closely related to the insufficient perovskite film quality and high photocatalytic activity of defective TiO_(2) electron-transporting layer(ETL)to accelerate the perovskite decomposition.Herein,remarkably enhanced power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of MAPbI_(3)-based PSCs is reached through the use of a new sodium fluoride(NaF)sacrificing layer,which,introduced between the perovskite layer and ETL,is sacrificed during cell fabrication by penetrating into the perovskite layer,improving the perovskite film quality,while partial NaF is incorporated into the mesoporous TiO_(2) ETL during NaF layer fabrication to passivate TiO_(2) and construct a well-matched energy level alignment.As a result,the optimized PSC generates a high PCE of 20.9%,which is 17%higher than that of the pristine cell(17.9%),and outstanding performance stability due to remarkably enhanced moisture,thermal and sunlight stability.This study highlights a simple and effective approach to boost the PCE and durability of MAPbI 3-based PSCs simultaneously,accelerating the commercialization of this technology.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Sodium fluoride sacrificing layer Defect passivation Stability

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超声检查对血管前置的产前诊断评价

中国超声医学杂志 2024年第4期40卷 456-458页

作者：杨贵岚廖林朱青霞胡会敏施君黄双凤邵丽成都市第七人民医院超声医学科成都西区安琪儿妇产医院超声科

目的探讨产前超声筛查血管前置(VP)的关键、最佳的筛查方案以及途径选择，以期提高VP的产前检出率。方法将61例剖宫产孕妇的病历资料纳入研究，产前均曾因临床疑诊VP而序贯给予经腹部超声(TAS)和经阴道超声(TVS)检查。将中孕期超声筛... 详细信息

目的探讨产前超声筛查血管前置(VP)的关键、最佳的筛查方案以及途径选择，以期提高VP的产前检出率。方法将61例剖宫产孕妇的病历资料纳入研究，产前均曾因临床疑诊VP而序贯给予经腹部超声(TAS)和经阴道超声(TVS)检查。将中孕期超声筛查加定期随诊筛查VP的设为A类筛查方案，将仅行晚孕期超声筛查方案设为B类筛查方案，统计分析不同筛查方案及途径选择对VP的产前诊断效能。结果经手术后-胎盘检查确证，45例孕妇伴发VP,16例无VP。A方案诊断VP的准确度(100%)明显高于B方案(75.0%)(P<0.05);相较于TAS,TVS应用于诊断VP,在灵敏度、特异度及准确度等方面均具明显优势(P<0.05)。结论宫颈内口附近探及胎膜下血管是超声诊断VP的关键，中孕期超声筛查加定期随诊为筛查的最佳方案，TVS为筛查的最佳途径。

关键词：经腹部经阴道检查时机超声检查血管前置

Integrating Sentinel-1 and 2 with LiDAR data to estimate aboveground biomass of subtropical forests in northeast Guangdong, China

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 158-182页

作者： Linjing Zhang Xiaoxue Zhang Zhenfeng shao Wenhao Jiang huimin Gao College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Ocean Geomatics Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China State key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China

Accurate monitoring of forest aboveground biomass(AGB)is vital for sustainable forest management.Generally,the AGB is estimated by combining satellite images andfield measurements.Nevertheless,field plots are inaccessible in complex forest areas.Due to the limitations related to either optical or SAR data alone,combining the two data types is indispensable.Here,we explored the LiDAR-derived biomass as training/testing samples for the combination of yearly time-series of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images to estimate AGB in north-eastern Conghua,Guangdong province,China.The AGB reference map derived from airborne LiDAR data andfield plots could provide more samples for satellite-based AGB estimation with a limited amount of sampling plots.We designed four groups of experiments based on diverse Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 variables,including backscatter,backscatter indices,texture features,spectral bands,vegetation indices,and biophysical features.Four different prediction methods(support vector regression,multi-layer perceptron neural network,K-nearest neighbour,and random forest(RF))were separately used to estimate AGB.Results showed that the RF model achieved the best accuracy for AGB mapping.All Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 experiment(R^(2):0.72,RMSEr:17.65%)performed better than the monthly complementary experiment(R^(2):0.66,RMSEr:19.01%).Additionally,the arid period images were observed to be sensitive for estimating AGB.The most contributing Sentinels predictors were determined via a sequential forward selection.Consequently,the proposed methodology has great potential for low-cost,large-scale,and high-precision AGB estimation.

关键词： Sentinel liDAR aboveground biomass non-parametric models subtropical forest

A New Type of Li Deposit:Hydrothermal Crypto-Explosive Breccia Pipe Type

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1095-1113页

作者： shao-Yong Jiang huimin Su Xinyou Zhu Kangyu Zhu Zhenpeng Duan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Resources and Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Strategic Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Beijing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resource Co. LtdBeijing 100012China

Lithium is one of the important strategic energy metals,which is in short supply in China.There are three major types of lithium deposits:brine and salt lake type,highly differentiated granite or pegmatite type,and carbonate-clay type.In recent years,some new types of lithium deposits have also begun to receive great attention and subject recent research.There are many crypto-explosive breccia pipe type deposits in the world,including copper,gold,lead,zinc,tungsten and tin deposits,but little is known about this type of lithium deposit.This paper introduces the latest research results of the Weilasituo Sn-Li-Rb polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia(NE China),which occurs in the middlesouthern section of the Great Xing’an Range metallogenic belt.A remarkable feature of this deposit is the coexistence of various mineralization types,including granite type Rb and Sn-Zn,hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type Li-Rb,quartz vein type Sn-Zn and sulfide vein type Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization.Among them,hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type Li-Rb deposit is currently very rare at home and abroad,which is likely a new type of rare metal deposit that worthy of our attention.This paper systematically summarizes the geology,alteration and mineralization,geochemistry,isotopes and geochronology of the Weilasituo deposit,and establishes a new petrogenic and metallogenic model.

关键词： lithium deposit hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type petrogenic and metallogenic model Weilasituo deposit Inner Mongolia mineral deposits