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文化外交在促进双边关系中的角色：马拉维孔子学院案例研究

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文化外交在促进双边关系中的角色：马拉维孔子学院案例研究

作者： Tilipo ng'ambi 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

笔者对马拉维孔子学院对马中文化外交和双边关系的影响进行了深入的分析。本文旨在全面了解孔子学院在马拉维的建立过程以及在马拉维学校里推广汉语学习和传播中华文化对马中双边关系的影响。在本文中,笔者主要采用了定性研究方法,具体... 详细信息

笔者对马拉维孔子学院对马中文化外交和双边关系的影响进行了深入的分析。本文旨在全面了解孔子学院在马拉维的建立过程以及在马拉维学校里推广汉语学习和传播中华文化对马中双边关系的影响。在本文中,笔者主要采用了定性研究方法,具体通过案例分析、文献综述以及与包括马拉维孔子学院的学生和决策者等在内的利益相关者进行访谈对话等方式来收集数据,这使我能够全面评估孔子学院在文化交流、语言能力培养、沟通理解和知识共享上所发挥的作用。研究结果显示,马拉维孔子学院的建立对学生和马拉维社区的文化和教育都产生了积极影响。在马拉维的大中小学中推广汉语学习在使学生在提高语言能力的同时也有助于他们更多地了解中国文化,这不仅增进了马中两国的文化理解,还促进了双边关系的发展。此外,研究发现,孔子学院在增进马中相互理解方面发挥着重要作用。通过开展一系列丰富多彩的文化活动,如中马语言文化交流活动、文化讲习班、奖学金和人道主义援助,孔子学院促进了马中人民之间的友好互动。此外,本文还强调孔子学院积极推动着马中两国的知识交流与沟通。孔子学院通过提供奖学金和开放汉语资源中心使马拉维学生能够获取中国的教育资源,这极大地帮助了他们。这样的信息交流不仅有助于提高马拉维学生的汉语流利性,而且还促进了经验和能力在其他领域的转移。但是,本文研究也发现,马中文化交流互鉴过程存着一定程度上的不足,也面临一些挑战,其中包括员工短缺、孔子学院工作人员的工作许可证延迟、影响不均衡、行政管理缺乏透明度、互联网设备有限和电力资源不足以及难以实现汉语和文化课程的本土化教授。以上,这些研究结果将在更广泛范围内讨论文化机构在改善双边关系的作用时具有重要的启发意义,也能为那些寻求最大限度地发挥孔子学院在促进双边合作与沟通理解方面的作用的政策制定者和从业者提供有益的见解。第二个子部分本文共分五章,各章具体研究内容如下:第一章为“引言”,总体上介绍了文化外交在促进双边关系中的作用,并具体以马拉维孔子学院为案例展开研究,具体包括本文的研究问题即本文主题、主要论点、研究意义、文献综述、研究方法和论文结构。研究主题部分,简要介绍了两国关系、文化外交和孔子学院在世界范围内的历史背景;谈及研究意义,笔者认为本文对于如何填补文献空白以及在实践中如何应用等问题上都做出了贡献;在进行文献综述时,笔者概述了与本文研究主题相关的其他作者的作品和研究成果,包括约瑟夫·奈的“软实力”概念、文化外交、孔子学院的背景情况和外交意义以及当前面临的质疑和挑战;研究方法方面,笔者在此重点探讨了开展研究时所采用的数据收集方法;最后是论文结构部分,通过对后续章节进行简要的概述,而这将成为读者进一步了解论文谋篇布局和具体研究过程的路线图;值得注意的是,本文的主要论文也将在本章中有所体现。第二章考察了马拉维与中国之间的关系,尤为强调马中之间文化外交的作用。为更加透彻地理解这种关系,笔者调查了为马中双边互动关系奠定基础的历史环境。本章以马中建交为开篇,具体着眼于促使马拉维于2007年正式承认中华人民共和国的历史背景,值得一提的是,马拉维对中华人民共和国的正式承认也标志着马中关系的开始。笔者同时也关注到了那些影响马中关系的重大趋势,其中包括双边协议的签署、两国互访和经济发展。本章深入探讨了马中两国的文化外交活动和双边协议,比如马中两国协力达成的《马中文化协定》的第2(a)条就强调:缔约双方同意推动双方的文化交流与。作为中马文化外交另一重要方面,《孔子学院协议》在促进孔子学院在马拉维建立时发挥着重要作用,这些学院后来成为汉语教学和中华文化传播的活动中心。本章的最后则集中介绍了中国向马拉维提供的奖学金项目和培训课程,这些项目也是文化外交在国家间互动中发挥作用的见证。实践证明,这些项目的确对马拉维年轻人、政府工作人员、私营企业人员和社会个体有益。第三章集中探讨了孔子学院在马拉维的建立过程与具体运作。本章主要分析了孔子学院和汉语资源中心在马拉维的背景情况、解释了它们成立的原因、具体的运作程序,此外,本章还介绍了孔子学院和资源中心在马拉维开展的各种活动,包括文化工作坊、中马语言文化交流活动、学业奖学金和人道主义援助项目。同样在第三章中,笔者进一步分析了孔子学院的使命任务、目标宗旨及其项目范围。孔子学院旨在推广汉语学习和促进中国文化传播,同时促进中马人民之间的互通互鉴和同心协作。同时,笔者也分析了孔子学院开展了的各类项目,如开设汉语课程、设置HSK考试、共庆中国节日和兴建图书馆等,这些措施有助于加深当地人民和学生对中国历史和文化的了解。此外,笔者还考察了孔子学院与其他利益相关者之间的合作努力,同时发现孔子学院与当地教育机构的存在重要合作。值得注意的是,许多中小学已经将汉语学习纳入了课程学习中,这些学校里的学生踊跃参加“汉语桥”普通话比赛。笔者也进一步

关键词：孔子学院

环孢素A联合地屈孕酮治疗不明原因复发性流产的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

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临床和实验医学杂志 2024年第15期23卷 1637-1641页

作者：陈洁车会会张静阜阳市人民医院生殖医学科安徽阜阳236000

目的探究环孢素A联合地屈孕酮治疗不明原因复发性流产(URSA)的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年8月至2022年12月阜阳市人民医院收治的URSA患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,每组各50例,对照组予以地屈... 详细信息

目的探究环孢素A联合地屈孕酮治疗不明原因复发性流产(URSA)的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年8月至2022年12月阜阳市人民医院收治的URSA患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,每组各50例,对照组予以地屈孕酮治疗至孕12周,观察组在地屈孕酮治疗基础上加用环孢素A,用药至超声提示有胎心搏动停药。比较治疗前、治疗后(孕12周)两组妊娠结局、激素[β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、孕酮、雌二醇]、Th细胞因子[干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)]、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))水平及安全性。结果观察组妊娠成功率为86.00%,明显高于对照组(68.00%),差异有统计学意义(Png/mL、(227.58±31.62)pg/mL],均高于对照组[(98.87±12.35)mIU/mL、(20.76±6.84)ng/mL、(179.30±34.59)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗14 d后,观察组的β-HCG倍增水平为(276.53±28.04)mIU/mL,高于对照组[(183.25±17.38)mIU/mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12 d后,观察组IFN-γ、TNF-α水平分别为(7.79±1.20)pg/mL、(8.59±1.67)pg/mL,均低于对照组[(11.14±1.25)pg/mL、(11.32±2.75)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组IL-10为(3.32±0.37)pg/mL,高于对照组[(2.29±0.34)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12 d后,观察组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平分别为(29.46±4.22)%、1.14±0.22,均低于对照组[(34.58±4.18)%、1.53±0.34],观察组CD8^(+)水平为(26.40±4.11)%,高于对照组[(23.18±3.52)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后凝血、肝肾功能及血常规等检查结果均无明显异常改变。两组在治疗期间均未出现严重药物不良反应。结论环孢素A联合地屈孕酮可明显提高妊娠后血清β-HCG、孕酮和雌二醇水平,调节免疫失衡并且明显提高URSA患者的妊娠成功率。

关键词：复发性流产环孢素A 地屈孕酮妊娠结局 T淋巴细胞亚群

Spinal cord organoids add an extra dimension to traditional motor neuron cultures

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1515-1516页

作者： Winanto Zi-Jian Khong Jin-hui Hor Shi-Yan ng Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore Singapore Singapore(Winanto)School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine(Physiology) National University of SingaporeNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingaporeThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Since Lancaster et al.(2013)first described the formation of self-organizing cerebral organoids for modeling neurodevelopmental disorders,it became evident that three-dimensional(3D)neural organoid cultures are more superior systems for modeling neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration in *** use of a spinning bioreactor to grow organoids allows better nutrient absorption and enhances formation of neuroepithelial-like zones,making it a great tool to study neurodevelopment and *** organoids are 3D cell culture systems formed by proliferating,differentiating,migrating and self-organizing pools of neural *** mimic brain structures in their cell type composition,cytoarchitecture,and to some extent maturity and functionality(Lancaster et al.,2013).Because of these unique.

关键词： Since Lancaster neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration these unique

Prevalence and risk factors of depression among patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 715-725页

作者： Jing Li Wing-Yi ng Li-Chao Qiao Fen Yuan Xing Lan Li-Bei zhu Bo-Lin Yang zh.ng-Qiu Wang Department of Radiology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Colorectal Surgery Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Psychological distress,especially depression,associated with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease(PFCD)is widespread and ***,there is a surprising paucity of studies to date that have sought to identify the prevalence and risk factors of depression associated with *** To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and investigate the depression-related risk factors in patients with *** The study was conducted in the form of survey and clinical data collection via questionnaire and specialized medical *** symptoms,life quality,and fatigue severity of patients with PFCD were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient Quality of Life Questionnaire(IBDQ),and Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD)Fatigue Patient Self-assessment *** basic demographic information,overall disease features,perianal clinical information,and laboratory inflammation indicators were also *** regression analysis was ultimately used to ascertain the risk factors of depression associated with *** A total of 123 patients with PFCD were involved,and 56.91%were suffering from *** to multivariate logistic regression analysis,Perianal Disease Activity Index(PDAI)score[odds ratio(OR)=0.69,95%confidence interval(CI):0.50 to 0.95],IBDQ score(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.88 to 0.97),modified Van Assche index(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.01 to 1.53),and IBD Fatigue score(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.23 to 2.42)were independent risk factors of depression-related prevalence among patients with PFCD(Png perianal modified Van Assche index(βvalue=0.166,95%CI:0.02 to 0.31)and decreasing IBDQ score(βvalue=-0.116,95%CI:-0.14 to-0.09)were independently associated with the severity of depression(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms in PFCD patients have significantly high *** score,modified Van Assche index,quality of life,and fatigue severity

关键词： Crohn’s disease Fistula Depression Inflammatory bowel diseases Risk factors

Candidate reference measurement procedure for serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone quantification via isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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iLABMED 2024年第2期2卷 98-107页

作者： Ji zh.ng Yang Jiang Ting Liu Xiongwei Liu hui Huang Yanxiang Cheng Jieyan Li Bangning Cheng Chungen Qian Xufu Xiang Jun-Fa Xu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics Department of Clinical ImmunologyInstitute of Laboratory MedicineSchool of Medical TechnologyGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdongChina Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co. Ltd.ShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital Clinical Laboratory ShenzhenGuangdongChina The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

Background:Accurate quantification of 17-hydroxyprogesterone(17-OHP)in serum is vital for clinical and research ***,inter-laboratory variability in test results exists owing to the lack of a standardized reference measurement procedure(RMP).Therefore,in this study,we developed a highly accurate,cost-effective,and user-friendly candidate RMP(cRMP)for analyzing 17-OHP in ***:We quantified 17-OHP in serum using a one-step liquid–liquid extraction method with the addition of 17-OHP-^(13)C_(3),followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass *** ability of these methods to suppress interference was evaluated by chromatographic *** assessed accuracy,specificity,the lower limit of quantitation,linearity,and matrix effects by following the standards specified by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards *** consistency between the developed cRMP and the chemiluminescence method was evaluated through experiments with 120 clinical ***:The developed cRMP required only 8 min for accurate quantification of serum 17-OHP without bias from matrix effects or interference from 19 metabolites added as potential *** method exhibited favorable measurement performance,with a quantitation limit of 0.086 ng/mL,linear range of 0.1–400 ng/mL,a total imprecision of≤2.90%,spike recovery of 100.1%–100.6%,and relative deviations from assigned target values(RfB Institution)of−2.91%to 1.10%.The cRMP demonstrated good consistency with the conventional assay(chemiluminescence method),with a correlation coefficient R of ***:A cRMP with high accuracy,cost-effectiveness,and convenient operation was developed for quantifying 17-OHP in *** simplicity and robust performance make it an invaluable addition to the arsenal of analytical tools available for *** method can enhance the accuracy and reliability of 17-OHP measurements across various laboratories.

关键词： 17-hydroxyprogesterone isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry reference measurement procedure serum

Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 945-997页

作者： Jian Sheng Loh Wen Qi Mak Li Kar Stella Tan Chu Xin ng Hong Hao Chan Shiau Hueh Yeow Jhi Biau Foo Yong Sze Ong Chee Wun How Kooi Yeong Khaw School of Pharmacy Monash University MalaysiaJalan Lagoon Selatan47500 Bandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health&Medical SciencesTaylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia Digital Health&Medical Advancements Taylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia School of Biosciences Faculty of Health&Medical SciencesTaylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia UCL School of Pharmacy University College London29-39 Brunswick SquareLondon WC1N 1AXUK

The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial *** vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology,including health maintenance,development,aging,and *** advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome–host *** has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system,referred to as the“microbiota–gut–brain axis”.The microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions,making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative *** this review,we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative *** the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes,we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative ***,we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach,while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut ***,we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier,blood–brain barrier,meninges,and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in ***,we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases.A thorough comprehension of the microbiota–gut–brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： degenerative therapeutic diseases

阿布昔替尼治疗急性湿疹的临床疗效及对CC趋化因子27和胸腺基质淋巴生成素表达的影响

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临床和实验医学杂志 2024年第16期23卷 1787-1790页

作者：胡悦翟慧慧施欢上海市皮肤病医院皮肤科上海200443

目的研究阿布昔替尼治疗急性湿疹的临床疗效及对患者血清CC趋化因子27(CCL27)、胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)表达的影响。方法研究方法为回顾性分析,以2022年12月至2023年12月入上海市皮肤病医院的110例急性湿疹患者为观察对象,按照治疗方... 详细信息

目的研究阿布昔替尼治疗急性湿疹的临床疗效及对患者血清CC趋化因子27(CCL27)、胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)表达的影响。方法研究方法为回顾性分析,以2022年12月至2023年12月入上海市皮肤病医院的110例急性湿疹患者为观察对象,按照治疗方式不同分为研究组(n=55)与对照组(n=55)。研究组联用氯雷他定、阿布昔替尼治疗,对照组单用氯雷他定治疗,两组患者均持续性治疗12周。比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前、治疗12周后的湿疹面积及严重度指数(EASI)评分、皮损瘙痒程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分]、血清中CCL27、TSLP水平、炎症因子[白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-4]表达水平,并记录治疗过程中的药物安全性。结果研究组患者的治疗总有效率为94.55%,明显高于对照组(72.73%),差异有统计学意义(Png/mL,均显著低于对照组[(105.54±10.92)pg/mL、(2.56±0.66)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(Png/L、(25.17±3.16)pg/L,均显著低于对照组[(0.35±0.08)ng/L、(27.43±4.12)pg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间研究组仅有1例出现肝功能轻度升高,研究药量不变,未发展为严重不良事件,其余患者均未发生明显不适。结论与单纯氯雷他定治疗相比,阿布昔替尼联合氯雷他定治疗急性湿疹能够有效缓解患者各项临床症状与体征,减少皮损面积,改善皮损严重与瘙痒程度,降低血清内炎症因子及CCL27、TSLP含量,且安全性好。

关键词：湿疹氯雷他定趋化因子CCL27 阿布昔替尼胸腺基质淋巴生成素炎症因子

Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the well-being of healthcare workers:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 335-344页

作者： Natasha Yixuan Ong Finn Jing Jie Teo Jane Zi Ying Ee Chun En Yau Julian Thumboo Hiang Khoon Tan Qin Xiang ng NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Health Services Research Unit Singapore General HospitalSingapore SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore Singhealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Singapore Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health SystemSingapore

Background Growing evidence attests to the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs),but their effectiveness for healthcare workers remains *** To evaluate the evidence for MBIs in improving healthcare workers’psychological *** A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline,Embase,Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature,PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 31 August 2022 using the keywords‘healthcare worker’,‘doctor’,‘nurse’,‘allied health’,‘mindfulness’,‘wellness’,‘workshop’and‘program’.Randomised controlled trials with a defined MBI focusing on healthcare workers and quantitative outcome measures related to subjective or psychological well-being were eligible for inclusion.R V.4.0.3 was used for data analysis,with the standardised mean difference as the primary outcome,employing DerSimonian and Laird’s random effects *** of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation framework was used to evaluate the quality of ***’s Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included *** A total of 27 studies with 2506 participants were included,mostly from the USA,involving various healthcare *** such as stress reduction programmes,apps,meditation and training showed small to large effects on anxiety,burnout,stress,depression,psychological distress and job strain outcomes of the *** effects were also seen in self-compassion,empathy,mindfulness and ***,long-term outcomes(1 month or longer postintervention)varied,and the effects were not consistently *** MBIs offer short-term benefits in reducing stress-related symptoms in healthcare *** review also highlights limitations such as intervention heterogeneity,reduced power in specific subgroup analyses and variable study quality.

关键词： nurse sustained workers

Reproductive medicine gets a new tool

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第6期3卷 320-321页

作者： Wei-Xia Ang Cheng-Xu Delon Toh Huck-hui ng Yuin-Han Loh Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory A*STAR Institute of Medical BiologySingapore 138648Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Singapore 117597Singapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore Gene Regulation Laboratory Genome Institute of SingaporeSingapore 138672Singapore Department of Biochemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Infertility is a problem faced by millions *** a recent paper published in Cell,Hayashi et al.(2011)provided a potential solution for male infertility through the generation of functional spermatozoa that can give ris... 详细信息

关键词： infertility offspring