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Engineering the future cereal crops with big biological data:toward intelligence-driven breeding by design

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 781-789页

作者： lei Liu Jimin Zhan Jianbing Yan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China

How to feed 10 billion human populations is one of the challenges that need to be addressed in the following decades,especially under an unpredicted climate *** breeding,initiating from the phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developing into current biotechnology-based breeding,has played a critical role in securing the global food ***,regarding the changing environment and ever-increasing human population,can we breed outstanding crop varieties fast enough to achieve high productivity,good quality,and widespread adaptability?This review outlines the recent achievements in understanding cereal crop breeding,including the current knowledge about crop agronomic traits,newly developed techniques,crop big biological data research,and the possibility of integrating them for intelligence-driven breeding by design,which ushers in a new era of crop breeding practice and shapes the novel architecture of future *** review focuses on the major cereal crops,including rice,maize,and wheat,to explain how intelligence-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality.

关键词： Crop Big biological data Multi-omic Artificial intelligence Crop design breeding

Coseismic Coulomb stress changes induced by a 2020-2021 M_(W)>7.0 Alaska earthquake sequence in and around the Shumagin gap and its influence on the Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： lei Yang Jianjun Wang Caijun Xu School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology Wuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Three M_(W)>7.0 earthquakes in 2020-2021 occurred in the Shumagin seismic gap and its adjacent area of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone,including the Mw7.8 Simeonof thrust earthquake on July 22,2020,the M_(W)7.6 Sand Point strike-slip earthquake on October 19,2020,and the M_(W)8.2 Chignik thrust earthquake on July 29,*** spatial and temporal proximity of these three earthquakes prompts us to probe stress-triggering effects among *** we examine the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the three earthquakes and their influence on the subduction *** results show that:(1)The Simeonof earthquake has strong loading effects on the subsequent Sand Point and Chignik earthquakes,with the Coulomb stress changes of 3.95 bars and 2.89 bars,*** Coulomb stress change caused by the Sand Point earthquake at the hypocenter of the Chignik earthquake is merely around 0.01 bars,suggesting the negligible triggering effect on the latter earthquake;(2)The triggering effects of the Simeonof,Sand Point,and Chignik earthquakes on aftershocks within three months are not well pronounced because of the triggering rates of 38%,14%,and 43%*** factors may have played an important role in promoting the occurrence of these aftershocks,such as the roughness of the subduction interface,the complicated velocity structure of the lithosphere,and the heterogeneous prestress therein;(3)The three earthquakes caused remarkable coseismic Coulomb stress changes at the subduction interface nearby these mainshocks,with an average Coulomb stress change of 3.2 bars in the shallow region directly inwards the trench.

关键词： The 2020-2021 Alaska earthquake sequence Coseismic Coulomb stress change Mainshock-aftershock triggering The Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface The Shumagin gap

Pharmacological Effects of Botanical Drugs on Myocardial Metabolism in Chronic Heart Failure

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期30卷 458-467页

作者： HU Yu-xuan QIU Sheng-lei SHAng Ju-ju WAng Zi LAI Xiao-lei Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100010China

Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of heart failure in recent years,chronic heart failure remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disease-related *** studies have found that targeted cardiac metabolic remodeling has good potential for the treatment of heart ***,most of the drugs that increase cardiac energy are still in the theoretical or testing *** research has found that botanical drugs not only increase myocardial energy metabolism through multiple targets but also have the potential to restore the balance of myocardial substrate *** this review,we summarized the mechanisms by which botanical drugs(the active ingredients/formulas/Chinese patent medicines)improve substrate utilization and promote myocardial energy metabolism by activating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)and other related *** the same time,some potential protective effects of botanical drugs on myocardium,such as alleviating oxidative stress and dysbiosis signaling,caused by metabolic disorders,were briefly discussed.

关键词： botanical drugs chronic heart failure myocardial metabolism pharmacological effects review

Environmental dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus release from river sediments of arid areas

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 685-698页

作者： SU Wenhao WU Chengcheng Sun Xuanxuan lei Rongrong lei Li WAng Ling ZHU Xinping College of Bioscience and Resources Environment Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China Xinjiang Tianxi Environmental Protection Technology Co.Ltd. Urumqi 830000China College of Resources and Environment Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China

Human activities lead to the accumulation of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments in ***,nitrogen and phosphorus can be affected by environment and re-enter the upper water body,causing secondary pollution of the river *** this study,laboratory simulation experiments were conducted initially to investigate the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from river sediments in Urumqi City and the surrounding areas in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China and determine the factors that influence their *** results of this study showed significant short-term differences in nitrogen and phosphorus release characteristics from sediments at different sampling *** proposed secondary kinetics model(i.e.,pseudo-second-order kinetics model)better fitted the release process of sediment nitrogen and *** release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments is a complex process driven by multiple factors,therefore,we tested the influence of three factors(pH,temperature,and disturbance intensity)on the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments in this *** most amount of nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(–)-N)was released under neutral conditions,while the most significant release of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)occurred under acidic and alkaline *** release of nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N)was less affected by *** dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)released significantly in the alkaline water environment,while the release of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)was more significant in acidic *** release amount of soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP)increased with an increase in *** sediments released nitrogen and phosphorus at higher temperatures,particularly NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(–)-N,and *** highest amount of DOP was released at 15.0℃.An increase in disturbance intensity exacerbated the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from ***_(4)^(+)-N,DTP,and SRP levels increased linearly with the intens

关键词： sediment nitrogen and phosphorus environmental dynamics pseudo-second-order kinetics model dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) Urumqi City

Utilizing quantum coherence in Cs Rydberg atoms for high-sensitivity room-temperature terahertz detection: a theoretical exploration

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1583-1592页

作者： lei HOU JUNNAN WAng QIHUI HE SUGUO CHEN lei YAng SUNCHAO HUAng WEI SHI Department of Physics Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 610101Singapore

In recent years,terahertz (THz) technology has made significant progress in numerous applications;however,the highly sensitive,room-temperature THz detectors are still rare,which is one of the bottlenecks in THz *** this paper,we proposed a room-temperature electrometry method for THz detection by laser spectroscopy of cesium(^(133)Cs) Rydberg atoms,and conducted a comprehensive investigation of the five-level system involving electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT),electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA),and Autler–Townes (AT) splitting in^(133)Cs *** solving the Lindblad master equation,we found that the influence of the THz electric field,probe laser,dressing laser,and Rydberg laser on the ground state atomic population as well as the coherence between the ground state and the Rydberg state,plays a crucial role in the transformation and amplitude of the EIT and EIA *** and the atomic vapor cell’s dimensions affect the number of^(133)Cs atoms involved in the detection,and ultimately determine the *** predicted the proposed quantum coherence THz detection method has a remarkable sensitivity of as low as 10^(-9)V m^(-1)Hz^(-1/2).This research offers a valuable theoretical basis for implementing and optimizing quantum coherence effects based on Rydberg atoms for THz wave detection with high sensitivity and room-temperature operation.

关键词： quantum Rydberg dimensions

Effects of acid deposition control in China:a review based on responses of subtropical forests

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 115-126页

作者： Danni Xie Xiaodong Ge lei Duan Jan Mulder School of Land Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesBox 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway

For many decades,acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in *** substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses,both sulfur and nitrogen deposition,as well as the acid rain-affected area,have significantly decreased compared to their peak ***,particularly in the humid subtropics,are sensitive to acid deposition,as evidenced by soil acidification,sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water,and elevated soil nitrous oxide *** in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen,caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water,although there was about a 5-year *** delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen *** of nitrous oxide,a potent greenhouse gas,also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils,as soil water nitrate concentration ***,subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to ***,the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads,i.e.,the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies,in more than 10%of the country’s land area,respectively,indicating remaining risks of acidification and ***,further emission reductions are urgently needed,also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.

关键词： Acidification Critical load Nitrous oxide Surface water chemistry Recovery

Effects of Number of Bleed Holes on Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions in a Transonic Compressor Stator

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 611-624页

作者： LI Bai ZHOU Xun LUO lei DU Wei School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China

An extensive numerical investigation is conducted to characterize the flow separation control in a transonic compressor cascade with a porous *** bleed holes are arranged on the suction surface in a single row,two staggered rows and three staggered *** each bleed scheme,five bleed pressure ratios are examined at an inlet Mach number of *** results indicate that the aerodynamic performance of the cascade is significantly improved by the porous *** the single-row scheme,the maximum reduction in total pressure losses is 57%.For the two-staggered-row and three-staggered-row schemes,there is an optimal bleed pressure ratio of 1.0,and the maximum reductions in total pressure loss are 68% and 75%,*** low loss in the cascade is due to the well-controlled boundary *** new local supersonic region created by the bleed hole is the key reason for the improved boundary *** vortex induced by side bleeding provides another mechanism for delaying flow *** the bleed holes could create multiple local supersonic regions,which reduce the range of the adverse pressure gradient that the boundary layer needs to *** is the reason why cascades with more bleed holes perform better.

关键词： transonic compressor stator shock wave/boundary layer interaction porous bleed number of bleed holes

A Multiscale Model of Mass-Functionally Graded Beam-Fluid System Under Bending and Vibration Responses

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 327-340页

作者： lei Zhang Jianping Lin Jiaqing Jiang Guannan Wang Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang University866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058China Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China College of Civil Engineering Huaqiao UniversityXiamen361021China Key Laboratory for Intelligent Infrastructure and Monitoring of Fujian Province Huaqiao UniversityXiamen361021China Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

In this paper,a multiscale model is developed for the mass functionally graded(FG)beam-fluid system to investigate its static and dynamic responses based on 3D printed porous beam free vibration tests,which are determined by two *** the microstructural level,the gradient variation is realized by arbitrary distribution of matrix pores,and the effective moduli under specific distribution are obtained using the micromechanics homogenization *** the meantime,at the structural level,the mechanical responses of FG porous beams subjected to mass loading are considered in a static fluid ***,the explicit expressions of local finite-element(FE)expressions corresponding to the static and dynamic responses are given in the *** present results are validated against numerical and experimental results from the literature and mechanical tests of 3D printed structures,with good agreement generally obtained,giving credence to the present *** this basis,a comprehensive parametric study is carried out,with a particular focus on the effects of boundary conditions,fluid density,and slenderness ratio on the bending and vibration of FG beams with several different gradations.

关键词： 3D printed test Mass functionally graded beam-fluid system Multiscale model Local finite-element expressions Static bending Free vibration

Reduction of unactivated alkyl chlorides enabled by light-induced single electron transfer

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 471-481页

作者： lei Dai Zhao-Fei Zhang Xiang-Yu Chen School of Chemical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology ParkBinzhou256606China

Alkyl chlorides are abundant and easily accessible starting ***,due to the high reduction potentials associated with unactivated alkyl chlorides,achieving their single electron reduction remains a persistent *** challenge has spurred the exploration of efficient activation methods to overcome this *** recent years,photocatalysis has emerged as a mild and potent tool for the single electron reduction of unactivated alkyl chlorides,opening up new possibilities in this *** the rapid advancements in this area,a comprehensive review that provides a conceptual understanding of this emerging field,with a specific focus on reaction design and catalytic mechanisms,would be timely and highly ***,we present an overview of various synthetic techniques for photoinduced single electron reduction of unactivated alkyl ***,we also discuss the limitations of the present methods and future directions that lie ahead in this field.

关键词： photocatalysis unactivated alkyl chlorides single electron transfer radical reactions