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长期施用化肥对红壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响

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生态学杂志 2024年第2期43卷 487-493页

作者：黄文晶姜楠陈晓冬孙楠徐明岗陈振华张玉兰陈利军中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016 辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站沈阳110107 辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室沈阳110016 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所杭州310021 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081

以湖南省祁阳县的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益长期试验地为平台,采用单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)4种不同组合的无机肥料添加方式,结合实时定量PCR和高通量测序技术,探究长期施用化肥对土壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性... 详细信息

以湖南省祁阳县的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益长期试验地为平台,采用单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)4种不同组合的无机肥料添加方式,结合实时定量PCR和高通量测序技术,探究长期施用化肥对土壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响。结果表明:与单施氮肥处理相比,氮与磷、钾配施可以缓解土壤酸化趋势,氮磷配施能够显著增加土壤中各形态磷含量。与单施氮肥处理相比,氮磷、氮钾处理显著提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、土壤总细菌丰度及phoD基因丰度;氮磷钾配施显著提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和土壤总细菌丰度,但显著降低土壤phoD基因丰度。磷酸酶编码基因phoD基因群落的α-与β-多样性在处理间不存在显著差异,且所有处理中来源于假单胞菌属与紫色杆菌属的phoD基因分别超过总序列的45%。此外,链霉菌属、马赛菌属以及短波单胞菌属与土壤磷素存在显著的正相关关系。以上结果表明:在不同养分输入条件下,调节功能菌群丰度及磷酸酶活性的关键因素不同。氮磷钾的合理配施能够增加土壤磷含量和磷酸酶活性,改变phoD基因丰度和群落结构,提高土壤的供磷能力,但长期施用化肥会使土壤微生物物种趋于单一化。

关键词：化肥高通量测序磷磷酸酶 phoD基因丰度和多样性

Crustal architecture and metallogeny associated with the Paleo-Tethys evolution in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt,Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 286-306页

作者： Xinming Zhang xu Zhao Lebing Fu Yanjun Li Andreas Kamradt M.Santosh Chongwen xu Xiaokun huang Gregor Borg Junhao Wei School of Earth Resource China University of GeoscienceWuhan 430074China institute of Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)06120Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Earth Science and resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Earth sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

The Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB)in the Northern Tibet Plateau hosts a wide variety of metal deposits related to the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic *** this study,we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granitic rocks and associated metal deposits in the EKOB and provide a comprehensive compilation of the geochronological,geochemical and isotopic data on these *** compute regional zircon Hf isotope and crustal thickness maps from the data,based on which a comprehensive model is proposed involving subduction(ca.270–240 Ma),continental collision(ca.240–224 Ma),and post-collisional extension(ca.224–200 Ma)for the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Paleo-Tethys evolution in the *** Hf isotopic and crustal thickness mapping of Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic magmatic rocks was carried out to evaluate their spatio-temporal and genetic links with the regional *** polymetallic Fe-skarn and porphyry Cu(Mo)deposits in the EKOB are located above the Moho uplift region,featuring a comparatively thin *** associated with porphyry Cu(Mo)and polymetallic Fe skarn mineralization are commonly characterized by highε_(Hf)(t)and younger T_(DM)cvalues,whereas granite related to Cu-Mo-Sn skarn deposits exhibit more variableε_(Hf)(t)values,T_(DM)c ages,and the crust thickness,which suggest that more crustal materials contributed to the formation of Cu-Mo-Sn skarn deposits than those for porphyry Cu(Mo)and polymetallic Fe skarn *** contrast,vein-type Au deposits are located primarily where the Moho surface displays a depression,i.e.,where the continental crust is relatively *** magmatic rocks associated with Au mineralization are characterized by lowε_(Hf)(t)and high T_(DM)cvalues,representing reworked ancient crustal components,similar to those associated with porphyry Mo and epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn-(Au)*** study indicates that the emplacement of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits was controlled

关键词： Hf-isotopic mapping Crustal thickness Metallogeny Tectonic evolution Crustal architecture Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt

极端干旱与食草昆虫对草原群落的交互作用受干旱模式的影响

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 128-140页

作者： Ye Luo Yuguang Ke Hongqiang Wang Chong xu Qian Gu Qiang Yu Melinda D.Smith Rajabboy Madrimov Nuriddin Samatov Wei Yang Honghui Wu State Key Laboratory of Effcient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern china Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Research institute of Environment and Nature Conservation Technologies of the Ministry of Ecology Environmental Protectionand Climate Change of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkent 100043Uzbekistan institute of Microbiology of the academy of sciences Tashkent 100128Uzbekistan institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

极端干旱和食草昆虫可以共同影响植物群落,并且它们的交互作用可能受到干旱模式的影响。然而,目前尚缺乏相关的观测证据。本研究以半干旱草原为研究对象,通过控制实验探讨了不同极端干旱模式与食草昆虫的交互作用对植物群落的影响。实... 详细信息

极端干旱和食草昆虫可以共同影响植物群落,并且它们的交互作用可能受到干旱模式的影响。然而,目前尚缺乏相关的观测证据。本研究以半干旱草原为研究对象,通过控制实验探讨了不同极端干旱模式与食草昆虫的交互作用对植物群落的影响。实验设置了3种干旱处理,分别为对照(自然降雨量)、慢性干旱(生长季5–8月减少66%降雨量)和急性干旱(6–7月完全无降雨)。在各小区设置了两种食草昆虫处理,分别是有食草昆虫和无食草昆虫。结果表明,食草昆虫和极端干旱及二者的交互作用对物种丰富度无显著影响。食草昆虫缓解了慢性干旱对总盖度的负面影响,而这种缓解作用在急性干旱下较低。食草昆虫对慢性干旱带来的负面效应具有更强的缓解作用,这主要是因为食草昆虫导致慢性干旱下适口性较高的杂类草(具有较低叶片碳含量、叶片干物质含量,以及较低叶片淀粉、钙、镁、锰含量)的大幅降低,进而降低了禾草的负面效应。上述结果表明,干旱和食草昆虫的交互作用受干旱模式的影响。通过调节植物的适口性来控制食草昆虫的采食行为,可以减轻极端干旱对草原生态系统的影响。

关键词：急性干旱慢性干旱半干旱草原食草昆虫极端气候

内蒙古草原优势物种光合速率对极端干旱的响应

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 5-15页

作者： Yalong Shi Yuanbo Cao Honghui Wu Chong xu Qiang Yu Xiaoan Zuo Xingguo Han Melinda D.Smith Alan K.Knapp Chengjie Wang Guodong Han State Key Laboratory of Effcient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern china Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China china Rida Investment and Development Group Corp Ltd Beijing 100040China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Urat Desert-grassland Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA College of Grassland Resource and EnvironmentalInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China

评估极端干旱对优势植物物种光合速率(Pn)的影响对于我们理解极端干旱影响生态系统功能的机制至关重要。极端干旱可能由降雨量减少或降雨频率减少造成。这两种不同模式的极端干旱可能造成不同的影响。此外,不同草原类型可能对这两种极... 详细信息

评估极端干旱对优势植物物种光合速率(Pn)的影响对于我们理解极端干旱影响生态系统功能的机制至关重要。极端干旱可能由降雨量减少或降雨频率减少造成。这两种不同模式的极端干旱可能造成不同的影响。此外,不同草原类型可能对这两种极端干旱模式表现出不同的敏感性。然而,目前尚不清楚这两种极端干旱模式对草原优势植物物种Pn的影响有何差异,以及在不同草原类型这两种不同模式的极端干旱的效应是否改变。为此,我们于2014年在内蒙古草原两个不同类型的草原(荒漠草原vs.典型草原)站点各进行了一项多年的极端干旱(CHR:将生长季期间每次降雨事件的降雨量减少66%***:完全排除生长季内一段较短时间的降水)模拟实验。于2017年的7月和8月,我们在这两个草原站点各测量了两种优势物种的Pn。结果发现,CHR和INT均显著降低了优势物种的Pn。无论草原类型如何,INT对Pn造成的负面影响都更大。在荒漠草原,极端干旱对Pn的负面影响普遍大于典型草原,尤其是对于CHR处理下的羊草(Leymus chinensis)。这些结果表明,与降雨量减少相比,降雨频率减少所引起的极端干旱对Pn的负面影响更大。草地类型可能会改变极端干旱模式效应的程度,但不会改变其方向。这些发现强调了应对未来极端干旱的草原生态系统管理应考虑极端干旱模式和草地类型的影响。

关键词：极端气候荒漠草原典型草原极端干旱模式季节性干旱

Combining nitrogen effects and metabolomics to reveal the response mechanisms to nitrogen stress and the potential for nitrogen reduction in maize

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农业科学学报:英文版 2023年第9期22卷 2660-2672页

作者： LU Yan-li SONG Gui-pei WANG Yu-hong WANG Luo-bin xu Meng-ze ZHOU Li-ping WANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern china/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Tianjin academy of agricultural sciences Tianjin 300384P.R.China

The physiological and metabolic differences in maize under different nitrogen(N)levels are the basis of reasonable N management,which is vital in improving fertilizer utilization and reducing environmental *** this paper,on the premise of defining the N fertilizer efficiency and yield under different long-term N fertilization treatments,the corresponding differential metabolites and their metabolic pathways were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics in maize.N stress,including deficiency and excess,affects the balance of carbon(C)metabolism and N metabolism by regulating C metabolites(sugar alcohols and tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle intermediates)and N metabolites(various amino acids and their derivatives).L-alanine,L-phenylalanine,L-histidine,and L-glutamine decreased under N deficiency,and L-valine,proline,and L-histidine increased under N *** addition to sugar alcohols and the above amino acids in C and N metabolism,differential secondary metabolites,flavonoids(e.g.,kaempferol,luteolin,rutin,and diosmetin),and hormones(e.g.,indoleacetic acid,trans-zeatin,and jasmonic acid)were initially considered as indicators for N stress diagnosis under this experimental *** study also indicated that the leaf metabolic levels of N2(120 kg ha–1 N)and N3(180 kg ha–1 N)were similar,consistent with the differences in their physiological indexes and yields over 12 *** study verified the feasibility of reducing N fertilization from 180 kg ha–1(locally recommended)to 120 kg ha–1 at the metabolic level,which provided a mechanistic basis for reducing N fertilization without reducing yield,further improving the N utilization rate and protecting the ecological environment.

关键词： long-term experiment nitrogen deficiency nitrogen excess metabolites UPLC-QTOF

短碳链二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合提高磷在土壤中的扩散距离和有效性

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第6期30卷 1163-1172页

作者：孔维众张水勤李燕婷徐久凯许猛高强赵秉强袁亮吉林农业大学资源与环境学院吉林长春130118 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室北京100081

【目的】有机酸与磷肥结合施用可有效减少土壤中磷固定,但有机酸碳链长度与磷肥有效性的关系尚不明确。将不同碳链长度的二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合,研究其对磷酸二铵在土壤中的扩散及有效性的影响,以期为高效磷肥产品开发提供理论依据。... 详细信息

【目的】有机酸与磷肥结合施用可有效减少土壤中磷固定,但有机酸碳链长度与磷肥有效性的关系尚不明确。将不同碳链长度的二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合,研究其对磷酸二铵在土壤中的扩散及有效性的影响,以期为高效磷肥产品开发提供理论依据。【方法】试验以草酸(OA)、丁二酸(BA)、己二酸(AA)、辛二酸(SA)为供试材料,分别按0.5%的质量比与粉状磷酸二铵混合均匀后挤压造粒,得到4个含有不同碳链长度的二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合磷肥试验样品(代号分别为OAP、BAP、AAP、SAP),磷酸二铵样品(DAP)也按照同样方法挤压造粒。磷培养试验以5个肥料样品为处理,以不添加磷肥为对照(CK),每个处理设置18个重复。在培养的第1、3、7、14和28天,进行滤纸可视化显色,测定肥料磷的扩散距离(半径),同时采集土样测定速效磷、Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量,测定pH及碱性磷酸酶活性。【结果】与DAP相比,OAP、BAP、AAP、SAP处理均增加了磷素扩散距离,扩散距离各处理的排序为OAP>BAP>AAP>SAP,OAP处理的磷扩散距离较DAP平均增加了29.5%。培养28天时,4个二元羧酸磷酸二铵复合磷肥处理的土壤平均速效磷、Ca2-P、Ca8-P含量分别较DAP提高了0.48%~12.6%、4.06%~37.1%、1.25%~20.9%,均以OAP的提高幅度最高。在培养3~28天,二元羧酸磷酸二铵复合磷肥处理的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性均高于DAP,以OAP处理的活性最高。与CK处理相比,施磷肥处理土壤pH显著下降,以OAP处理降幅最大。【结论】供试二元羧酸与磷酸二铵复合均可减少磷的固定,提高土壤速效磷含量,增加磷肥在土壤中的扩散距离;其中,以草酸磷酸二铵复合肥效果最好。

关键词：二元羧酸碳链长度羧基含量磷扩散速效磷含量磷形态

恶臭假单胞菌HB3S-20在棉花中的定殖及诱导抗性研究

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中国生物防治学报 2024年第1期40卷 117-125页

作者：金利容许冬王玲丛胜波李文静杨妮娜尹海辰黄薇万鹏农业农村部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所武汉430064

植物内生菌是防治植物病害的重要生防资源。恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida HB3S-20是本实验室从棉花内生细菌中所筛选到的一株对棉花黄萎病具有显著防效的潜在生防菌株。本研究采用利福平抗性标记技术和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记技术检... 详细信息

植物内生菌是防治植物病害的重要生防资源。恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida HB3S-20是本实验室从棉花内生细菌中所筛选到的一株对棉花黄萎病具有显著防效的潜在生防菌株。本研究采用利福平抗性标记技术和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记技术检测了菌株HB3S-20在棉花组织中的定殖动态和定殖位点,并检测了菌株HB3S-20接种棉花植株后植物防御相关酶SOD、POD和CAT酶活性的变化。利福平标记试验结果表明,菌株HB3S-20主要定殖于根部,棉株接种菌株HB3S-20后第3~30 d检测到棉花根部内的菌量范围为2.2×10^(4)~6.7×10^(4)cfu/g,检测到棉花茎部内的菌量为0.04×104~2.7×10^(4)cfu/g,棉花茎部内的菌量低于根部,但在叶片中未被分离到。GFP标记试验结果表明,菌株HB3S-20不仅能附着在棉花根系表面,还能定殖在根部维管组织中。此外,菌株HB3S-20能够提高棉花中植物防御相关酶SOD和POD的活性,说明菌株HB3S-20能够诱导棉花植株的系统抗性,增强棉花抗病性。本研究初步揭示了恶臭假单胞菌HB3S-20在棉花组织内的定殖规律及其对棉株产生的诱导抗性,为菌株HB3S-20的防病机制研究提供了理论依据。

关键词：恶臭假单胞菌棉花定殖诱导抗性

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Long-term mercury variations in tree rings of the permafrost forest,northeastern china

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Science china Earth sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1328-1338页

作者： Huhu KANG Xiaohong LIU Junming GUO Qiuliang ZHANG Yabo WANG Jie huang Guobao xu Guoju WU Wensen GE Shichang KANG State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Forest College Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Permafrost is a potential mercury(Hg)pool released by thawing,which can raise the risk of Hg pollution under global *** rings are useful archives of environment-specific Hg exposure over long *** determined Hg concentrations in tree rings of two dominant tree species(Larix gmelinii *** Pinus sylvestris ***)at permafrost sites in northeastern *** biweighted mean Hg concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 3.96 ng g^(-1) from 1840 to *** tree-ring width had no significant influence on the Hg *** Hg increased slightly before the 1970 s and peaked in the 1990 ***,the pine Hg concentration increased continuously until the 1930 s,decreased rapidly until the 1970 s,then rose to a peak in the late 1980 *** change of Hg concentrations in larch and pine revealed a time offset of 4 to 5 years,which implied possibly high mobility of Hg in pine tree *** Hg concentrations from 1920 to 1960 and subsequent decreases in isolated permafrost forests revealed the local geographical Hg cycling *** Hg concentrations and faster increases in larch suggest the role of additional winter Hg loading for the evergreen pine and species-specific differences in root absorption in response to melting *** results highlight possible geographical impacts on tree-ring Hg records,improve understanding of Hg cycles in permafrost forest,and suggest a need to sample additional species in a range of permafrost environments.

关键词： Tree rings Mercury Long-term variations Larch Pine Geographic environment Permafrost forest

Statistical analysis of nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast china using multiple linear regression and Random Forest

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3637-3657页

作者： LIU Ying-xia Gerard B.M.HEUVELINK Zhanguo BAI HE Ping JIANG Rong huang Shaohui xu Xin-peng Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Soil Geography and Landscape Group Wageningen UniversityWageningen 6700 AAThe Netherlands International Soil Reference and Information Centre-World Soil Information Wageningen 6700 AJThe Netherlands

Understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of crop nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and the relationship with explanatory environmental variables can support land-use management and ***,the application of statistical models for evaluating the explanatory variables of space-time variation in crop NUE is still *** this study,stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR)and Random Forest(RF)were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of NUE indicators(i.e.,partial factor productivity of N(PFPN);partial nutrient balance of N(PNBN))at county scale in Northeast china(Heilongjiang,Liaoning and Jilin provinces)from 1990 to *** variables included agricultural management practices,topography,climate,economy,soil and crop *** revealed that the PFPN was higher in the northern parts and lower in the center of the Northeast china and PNBN increased from southern to northern parts during the 1990–2015 *** NUE indicators decreased with time in most counties during the study *** model efficiency coefficients of the SMLR and RF models were 0.44 and 0.84 for PFPN,and 0.67 and 0.89 for PNBN,*** RF model had higher relative importance of soil and climatic covariates and lower relative importance of crop covariates compared to the SMLR *** planting area index of vegetables and beans,soil clay content,saturated water content,enhanced vegetation index in November&December,soil bulk density,and annual minimum temperature were the main explanatory variables for both NUE *** is the first study to show the quantitative relative importance of explanatory variables for NUE at a county level in Northeast china using RF and *** novel study gives reference measurements to improve crop NUE which is one of the most effective means of managing N for sustainable development,ensuring food security,alleviating environmental degradation and increasing farmer’s profitability.

关键词： partial factor productivity of N partial nutrient balance of N stepwise multiple linear regression Random Forest county scale Northeast china