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Prediction of damage potential in mainshock–aftershock sequences using machine learning algorithms

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第4期23卷 919-938页

作者： zhou zhou Wang Meng Han Miao yu Xiaohui Lu Dagang School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Multi-Functional Shaking Tables Laboratory Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

Assessing the potential damage caused by earthquakes is crucial for a community’s emergency *** this study,four machine learning(ML)methods—random forest,extremely randomized trees,AdaBoost(AB),and gradient boosting(GB)—were employed to develop prediction models for the damage potential of the mainshock(DIMS)and mainshock–aftershock sequences(DIMA).Building structures were modeled using eight single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)systems with different hysteretic rules.A set of 662 recorded mainshock–aftershock(MS-AS)ground motions was selected from the PEER *** intensity measures(IMs)were chosen to represent the characteristics of the mainshock and *** results revealed that the selected ML methods can well predict the structural damage potential of the SDOF systems,except for the AB *** GB model exhibited the best performance,making it the recommended choice for predicting DIMS and DIMA among the four ML ***,the impact of input variables in the prediction was investigated using the shapley additive explanations(SHAP)*** high-correlation variables were sensitive to the structural period(T).At T=1.0 s,the mainshock peak ground velocity(PGVM)and aftershock peak ground displacement(PGDA)significantly influenced the prediction of *** T increased to 5.0 s,the primary high-correlation factor of the mainshock IMs changed from PGVM to the mainshock peak ground displacement(PGDM);however,the highcorrelation variable of the aftershock IMs remained *** high-correlation factors for DIMS showed trends similar to those of ***,a table summarizing the first and second high-correlation variables for predicting DIMS and DIMA were provided,offering a valuable reference for parameter selection in seismic damage prediction for mainshock–aftershock sequences.

关键词： machine learning mainshock-aftershock damage potential prediction the high-correlation variables SDOF systems

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Numerical design of an efficient Ho^(3+)-doped InF3 fiber laser at~3.2μm

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第3期22卷 35-46页

作者： Shi-yuan zhou Hong-yu Luo Ya-zhou Wang Yong Liu State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China DTU Electro Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark

In this work,we theoretically unlock the potential of Ho^(3+)-doped InF3 fiber for efficient~3.2μm laser generation(from the 5F4,5S2→5F5 transition),by employing a novel dual-wavelength pumping scheme at 1150 nm and 980 nm,for the first *** clad-coupled 1150 nm pumping of 5 W,~3.2μm power of 3.6 W has been predicted with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 14.4%.Further efficient power scaling,however,is blocked by the output saturation with 980 nm *** alleviate this behavior,the cascaded 5I5→5I6 transition,targeting~3.9μm,has been activated simultaneously,therefore accelerating the population circulation between the laser upper level 5F4,5S2 and long-lived 5I6 level under 980 nm *** a result,enhanced~3.2μm power of 4.68 W has been obtained with optical-to-optical efficiency of 15.6%.Meanwhile the~3.9μm laser,yielding power of 2.76 W with optical-to-optical efficiency of 9.2%,is theoretically achievable as well with a moderate heat load,of which the performance is even better than the prior experimentally and theoretically reported Ho^(3+)-doped InF3 fiber lasers emitting at~3.9μm *** work demonstrates a versatile platform for laser generation at~3.2μm and~3.9μm,thus providing the new opportunities for many potential applications,e.g.,polymer processing,infrared countermeasures,and free-space communications.

关键词： Cascaded Fiber laser Holmium Mid-infrared

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Research on the mechanism of the two-dimensional ultrasonic surface burnishing process to enhance the wear resistance for aluminum alloy

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 490-509页

作者： Zhen-yu zhou Qiu-Yang ZHENG yu LI Cong DING Guang-Jian PENG Zhong-yu PIAO College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology Ministry of Education and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

The gradient nanostructure is machined on the aluminum(Al)alloy by the two-dimensional ultrasonic surface burnishing process(2D-USBP).The mechanism of why the gradient nanostructure enhances wear resistance is *** mechanical properties and microstructure characterization for the gradient nanostructure are performed by operating a nanoindenter,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).Dry wear tests are performed on the samples before and after machining to evaluate the wear resistance and *** effect of the gradient nanostructure on the wear resistance is explored by developing the crystal plasticity(CP)finite element and molecular dynamics(MD)*** characterization results show that the 2D-USBP sample prepared a gradient structure of~600μm thick on the aluminum surface,increasing the surface hardness from 1.13 to 1.71 GPa and reducing the elastic modulus from 78.84 to 70.14 *** optimization of the surface microstructure and the increase of the mechanical properties effectively enhance the wear resistance of the sample,with 41.20%,39.07%,and 54.58% of the wear scar areas for the 2D-USBP treated samples to the original samples under 5,10,and 15 N loads,*** gradient nanostructure hinders the slip of dislocations inside the sample during the wear process and reduces the size and scope of plastic deformation;meanwhile,the resistance to deformation,adhesion,and crack initiation and propagation of the sample surface is improved,resulting in enhanced wear resistance.

关键词： structural superlubricity lattice registry elastic deformation strained solitons crystal plasticity molecular dynamics simulations

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Natural evidence of coronaviral 2′-O-methyltransferase activity affecting viral pathogenesis via improved substrate RNA binding

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2819-2834页

作者： Jikai Deng Shimin Yang Yingjian Li Xue tan Jiejie Liu Yanying yu Qiang Ding Chengpeng Fan Hongyun Wang Xianyin Chen Qianyun Liu Xiao Guo Feiyu Gong Li zhou yu Chen State Key Laboratory of Virology RNA InstituteCollege of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhanChina School of Medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Animal Bio-Safety Level Ⅲ Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhanChina

Previous studies through targeted mutagenesis of K-D-K-E motif have demonstrated that 2′-O-MTase activity is essential for efficient viral replication and immune ***,the K-D-K-E catalytic motif of 2′-O-MTase is highly conserved across numerous viruses,including flaviviruses,vaccinia viruses,coronaviruses,and extends even to ***,we observed a stronger 2′-O-MTase activity in SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV,despite the presence of a consistently active catalytic *** further identified critical residues(Leu-36,Asn-138 and Ile-153)which served as determinants of discrepancy in 2′-O-MTase activity between SARS-CoV-2 and *** residues significantly enhanced the RNA binding affinity of 2′-O-MTase and boosted its versatility toward RNA *** interest,a triple substitution(Leu^(36)→Ile^(36),Asn^(138)→His^(138),Ile^(153)→Leu^(153),from SARS-CoV-2 to SARS-CoV)within nsp16 resulted in a proportional reduction in viral 2′-O-methylation and impaired viral ***,it led to a significant upregulation of type I interferon(IFN-I)and proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and vivo,relying on the cooperative sensing of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5(MDA5)and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2(LGP2).In conclusion,our findings demonstrated that alterations in residues other than K-D-K-E of 2′-O-MTase may affect viral replication and subsequently influence *** changes in nsp16 residues is crucial as it may aid in identifying and assessing future alteration in viral pathogenicity resulting from natural mutations occurring in nsp16.

关键词： pathogenesis impaired alterations

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Source apportionment of PM_(2.5)using PMF combined online bulk and single-particle measurements:Contribution of fireworks and biomass burning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 325-336页

作者： Yanjing Zhang Wenshuai Li Lei Li Mei Li Zhen zhou Jianzhen yu Yang zhou Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control Jinan UniversityGuangdong 510632China Institute of Environment Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Division of Environment The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

Fireworks(FW)could significantly worsen air quality in short term during *** to similar tracers with biomass burning(BB),the fast and precise qualification of FW and BB is still *** this study,online bulk and single-particle measurements were combined to investigate the contributions of FW and BB to the overall mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and specific chemical species by positive matrix factorization(PMF)during the Chinese New Year in Hong Kong in February *** combined information,fresh/aged FW(abundant ^(140)K_(2)NO_(3)^(+)and ^(213)K_(3)SO_(4)^(+)formed from ^(113)K_(2)Cl^(+)discharged by fresh FW)can be extracted from the fresh/aged BB sources,in addition to the Second Aerosol,Vehicles+Road Dust,and Sea Salt *** contributions of FW and BB were investigated during three high particle matter episodes influenced by the pollution transported from the Pearl River Delta *** fresh BB/FW contributed 39.2%and 19.6%to PM_(2.5)during the Lunar Chinese New Year ***,the contributions of aged FW/BB enhanced in the last two episodes due to the aging process,evidenced by high contributions from secondary ***,the fresh BB/FW showed more significant contributions to nitrate(35.1%and15.0%,respectively)compared with sulfate(25.1%and 5.9%,respectively)and OC(14.8%and11.1%,respectively)on *** comparison,the aged FW contributed more to sulfate(13.4%).Overall,combining online bulk and single-particle measurement data can combine both instruments’advantages and provide a new perspective for applying source apportionment of aerosols using PMF.

关键词： Source apportionment PMF Online bulk measurements Single particle analysis Fireworks Biomass burning

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Production and test of sPHENIX W/SciFiber electromagnetic calorimeter blocks in China

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 167-176页

作者： Xiao‑zhou yu Xi‑Yang Wang Wei‑Hu Ma Shi‑Hong Fu Peng‑Fei Sun Jin‑Xing Song Wan‑Bing He Yang Shen Long Ma Jin‑Hui Chen huan.Zhong huan. Si‑Guang Wang Jing zhou Xiao‑Mei Li Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion‑Beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The sPHENIX experiment is a new generation of large acceptance detectors at the relativistic heavy ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory,with scientific goals focusing on probing the strongly interacting Quark–Gluon plasma with hard probes of jets,open heavy flavor particles,andγ*** EMCal detector,which covers the pseudo-rapidity region of|η|≤1.1,is an essential subsystem of *** this study,we focused on producing and testing EMCal blocks covering a pseudo-rapidity of|η|∈[0.8,1.1].These,in conjunction with the central pseudo-rapidity EMCal blocks,significantly enhance the sPHENIX physics capability of the jet andγparticle *** this paper,the detector module production and testing of sPHENIX W-powder/scintillating fiber(W/ScFi)electromagnetic calorimeter blocks are *** selection of the tungsten powder,mold fabrication,QA procedures,and cosmic ray test results are discussed.

关键词： sPHENIX Tungsten/scintillating fiber electromagnetic calorimeter Cosmic ray test

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Molecular mechanism of Xuebijing in treating pyogenic liver abscess complicated with sepsis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 35-40页

作者： Wei zhou Maiying Fan Xiang Li Fang yu En zhou Xiaotong Han Department of Emergency Medicine the First Affi liated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People’s HospitalChangsha 410005China Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery the First Affi liated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People’s HospitalChangsha 410005China

BACKGROUND:Xuebijing(XBJ)can alleviate the inflammatory response,improve organ function,and shorten the intensive care unit(ICU)stay in patients with pyogenic liver abscess(PLA)complicated with sepsis,but the molecular mechanisms have not been *** study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of XBJ in treating PLA complicated with sepsis using a network pharmacology ***:The active ingredients and targets of XBJ were retrieved from the ETCM *** targets related to PLA and sepsis were retrieved from the GeneCards,PharmGKB,DisGeNet,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM),Therapeutic Targets Database(TTD),and DrugBank *** targets of PLA complicated with sepsis were mapped to the targets of XBJ to identify potential treatment ***-protein interaction networks were analyzed using the STRING *** treatment targets were imported into the Metascape platform for Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment *** docking was performed to validate the interactions between active ingredients and core ***:XBJ was found to have 54 potential treatment targets for PLA complicated with ***-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)were identifi ed as core *** enrichment analysis revealed important pathways,including the interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,the TNF signaling pathway,the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,and the Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling *** docking experiments indicated stable binding between XBJ active ingredients and core ***:XBJ may exert therapeutic eff ects on PLA complicated with sepsis by modulating signaling pathways,such as the IL-17,TNF,NF-κB,and TLR pathways,and targeting IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF.

关键词： Xuebijing injection Pyogenic liver abscess Sepsis

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Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zone via fiber Bragg grating and particle image velocimetry

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 231-241页

作者： Deyang Wang Honghu Zhu Guyu zhou Wenzhao yu Baojun Wang Wanhuan.zhou School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Institute of Earth Exploration and Sensing Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoMacaoChina

Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zones is of great significance for understanding the landslide evolution mechanism,in which fiber optic strain sensing has shown great ***,the cor-relation between strain measurements of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensing arrays and shear displacements of surrounding soil remains *** this study,a direct shear model test was conducted to simulate the shear deformation of sliding zones,in which the soil internal deformation was captured using FBG strain sensors and the soil surface deformation was measured by particle image velocimetry(PIV).The test results show that there were two main slip surfaces and two secondary ones,developing a spindle-shaped shear band in the *** formation of the shear band was successfully captured by FBG sensors.A sinusoidal model was proposed to describe the fiber optic cable deformation *** this basis,the shear displacements and shear band widths were calculated by using strain *** work provides important insight into the deduction of soil shear deformation using soil-embedded FBG strain sensors.

关键词： Landslide Shear band Fiber bragg grating(FBG) Particle image velocimetry(PIV) Sinusoidal model Strain‒displacement proportional coefficient

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Assessing the Performance of CMIP6 Models in Simulating Droughts across Global Drylands

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 193-208页

作者： Xiaojing yu Lixia ZHANG Tianjun zhou Jianghua ZHENG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Geography&Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

Both the attribution of historical change and future projections of droughts rely heavily on climate modeling. However,reasonable drought simulations have remained a challenge, and the related performances of the current state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) models remain unknown. Here, both the strengths and weaknesses of CMIP6 models in simulating droughts and corresponding hydrothermal conditions in drylands are *** the general patterns of simulated meteorological elements in drylands resemble the observations, the annual precipitation is overestimated by ~33%(with a model spread of 2.3%–77.2%), along with an underestimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) by ~32%(17.5%–47.2%). The water deficit condition, measured by the difference between precipitation and PET, is 50%(29.1%–71.7%) weaker than observations. The CMIP6 models show weaknesses in capturing the climate mean drought characteristics in drylands, particularly with the occurrence and duration largely underestimated in the hyperarid Afro-Asian areas. Nonetheless, the drought-associated meteorological anomalies, including reduced precipitation, warmer temperatures, higher evaporative demand, and increased water deficit conditions, are reasonably reproduced. The simulated magnitude of precipitation(water deficit) associated with dryland droughts is overestimated by 28%(24%) compared to observations. The observed increasing trends in drought fractional area,occurrence, and corresponding meteorological anomalies during 1980–2014 are reasonably reproduced. Still, the increase in drought characteristics, associated precipitation and water deficit are obviously underestimated after the late 1990s,especially for mild and moderate droughts, indicative of a weaker response of dryland drought changes to global warming in CMIP6 models. Our results suggest that it is imperative to employ bias correction approaches in drought-related studies over drylands by using CMIP6 o

关键词： droughts hydrothermal conditions drylands CMIP6 model evaluation

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SmartEagleEye:A Cloud-Oriented Webshell Detection System Based on Dynamic Gray-Box and Deep Learning

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 766-783页

作者： Xin Liu Yingli Zhang Qingchen yu Jiajun Min Jun Shen Rui zhou Qingguo zhou School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Computing and Information Technology University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia

Compared with traditional environments,the cloud environment exposes online services to additional vulnerabilities and threats of cyber attacks,and the cyber security of cloud platforms is becoming increasingly prominent.A piece of code,known as a Webshell,is usually uploaded to the target servers to achieve multiple *** Webshell attacks has become a hot spot in current ***,the traditional Webshell detectors are not built for the cloud,making it highly difficult to play a defensive role in the cloud ***,a Webshell detection system based on deep learning that is successfully applied in various scenarios,is proposed in this *** system contains two important components:gray-box and neural network *** gray-box analyzer defines a series of rules and algorithms for extracting static and dynamic behaviors from the code to make the decision *** neural network analyzer transforms suspicious code into Operation Code(OPCODE)sequences,turning the detection task into a classification *** experiment results show that SmartEagleEye achieves an encouraging high detection rate and an acceptable false-positive rate,which indicate its capability to provide good protection for the cloud environment.

关键词： Webshell detection cloud web security deep learning

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