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Learning-based counterfactual explanations for recommendation

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 115-129页

作者： Jingxuan WEN huafeng liu Liping JING Jian YU School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University

Counterfactual explanations provide explanations by exploring the changes in effect caused by changes in cause. They have attracted significant attention in recommender system research to explore the impact of changes in certain properties on the recommendation mechanism. Among several counterfactual recommendation methods, item-based counterfactual explanation methods have attracted considerable attention because of their flexibility. The core idea of item-based counterfactual explanation methods is to find a minimal subset of interacted items(i.e., short length) such that the recommended item would topple out of the top-K recommendation list once these items have been removed from user interactions(i.e., good quality). Usually, explanations are generated by ranking the precomputed importance of items, which fails to characterize the true importance of interacted items due to separation from the explanation generation. Additionally, the final explanations are generated according to a certain search strategy given the precomputed importance. This indicates that the quality and length of counterfactual explanations are deterministic;therefore, they cannot be balanced once the search strategy is fixed. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes learning-based counterfactual explanations for recommendation(LCER) to provide counterfactual explanations based on personalized recommendations by jointly modeling the factual and counterfactual preference. To achieve consistency between the computation of importance and generation of counterfactual explanations, the proposed LCER endows an optimizable importance for each interacted item, which is supervised by the goal of counterfactual explanations to guarantee its credibility. Because of the model's flexibility, the trade-off between quality and length can be customized by setting different proportions. The experimental results on four real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LCER over several

关键词： recommender system explainable recommendation item-based explanation counterfactual inference counterfactual explanation

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Receiver function study of the crustal structure of Northeast China:Seismic evidence for a mantle upwelling beneath the eastern flank of the Songliao Basin and the Changbaishan region

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Earthquake Science 2011年第1期24卷 27-33页

作者： huafeng liu Fenglin Niu Department of Earth Science Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA

Northeast China is a unique place to study intra-plate volcanism. We analyzed P-wave receiver function data recorded by 111 permanent broadband seismic stations in Northeast China. The results show that the crustal thickness varies from 27.9 km beneath the eastern flank of the Songliao Basin to 40.7 km beneath the Great Xing＇an Range region. The large depth variations of the Moho can be largely but not completely explained by surface topography. The residual Moho depth calculated based on the Airy＇s isostasy model indicates that the Moho is dynamically uplifted by 〈3 km beneath the eastern flank of the Songliao Basin and the Changbaishan region. We suggest that a mantle upwelling, which has been proposed by several recent seismic studies, might have caused the uplift.

关键词： receiver function Moho Northeast China mantle upwelling

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Leveraging implicit social structures for recommendation via a Bayesian generative model

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第4期65卷 269-271页

作者： huafeng liu Jingxuan WEN Liping JING Jian YU School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University

Dear editor,Social recommendation leverages the social relations between users and their past behaviors to model user preferences. While social recommendation is a core component in recommendation systems, discovering... 详细信息

关键词： Recommendation system Collaborative filtering Social recommendation Social networks Generative model

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Imbalance of Interleukin 18 and Interleukin 18 Binding Protein in Patients with Lupus Nephritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第4期3卷 303-306页

作者： Dong Liang Wenfeng Ma Cuiwei Yao huafeng liu Xiaowen Chen Insfitute of Nephrology Guangdong Medical College Zhanjiang Guangdong 524001 China

To evaluate the balance status of interleukin 18 （IL-18） and interleukin 18 binding protein （IL-18BP） in circulation in patients with lupus nephritis （LN） and primary nephrotic syndrome （PNS）, plasma levels as well as mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of IL-18 and IL-18BP were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. The ratio of IL-18/IL-18BP was also calculated. Both plasma IL-18 and IL-18BP increased significantly in LN patients while only IL-18BP increased in PNS, which resulted in an elevated ratio of IL-18/IL-18BP in LN but not in PNS patients when compared with normal controls. In contrast, increased level of IL-18 mRNA was only detected in LN but not in PNS group, although IL-18BP mRNA expressions in PBMCs in both groups were higher than that in control. The imbalance of IL-18 and IL-18BP might be involved in the pathogenesis of LN, based on which a therapeutic approach is valuable to be developed for LN.

关键词： IL-18 IL-18 binding protein lupus nephritis primary nephrotic syndrome

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A crucial role of the PD-1H coinhibitory receptor in suppressing experimental asthma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第9期15卷 838-845页

作者： huafeng liu Xin Li Li Hu Min Zhu Bailin He Liqun Luo Lieping Chen Laboratory of Immunotherapy Sun Yet-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Immunobiology Yale School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

Programmed death one homolog (PD-1H) is a cell surface molecule of the B7/CD28 immune modulatory genefamily. Although PD-1H has been shown to function as a coinhibitory receptor on T cells to limit naive T-cellactivation and proliferation, its role in the regulation of the T-cell response to allergens is unknown. We report herethat genetic ablation or blockade of PD-1H drastically promotes pulmonary inflammation with massive accumulationof eosinophils in a mouse model of experimental asthma, indicating a suppressive function of PD-1H in allergicinflammation. The loss of PD-1H led to elevated production of both innate cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1 and TNFα) andTh2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) in the lung, indicating a critical role of PD-1H in suppressing the production ofairway inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the loss of PD-1H also impaired the expansion of systemic andpulmonary regulatory T cells during asthma induction. These findings support a critical role of intrinsic PD-1H inthe regulation of inflammatory responses to allergens. Finally, we showed that treatment with a PD-1H agonisticmonoclonal antibody reduced the severity of asthma, which was accompanied by suppressed lung *** findings support PD-1H as a potential target and suggest a possible strategy for the treatment of allergicasthma in humans.

关键词： Asthma PD-1H Th2 VISTA

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A high-sensitivity MEMS gravimeter with a largedynamic range

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 185-195页

作者： Shihao Tang huafeng liu Shitao Yan Xiaochao Xu Wenjie Wu Ji Fan Jinquan liu Chenyuan Hu Liangcheng Tu MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement&Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics PGMF and School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology430074 WuhanPR China Institute of Geophysics Huazhong University of Science and Technology430074 WuhanPR China

Precise measurement of variations in the local gravitational acceleration is valuable for natural hazard forecasting,prospecting,and geophysical *** issues of the present gravimetry technologies include their high cost,high mass,and large volume,which can potentially be solved by micro-electromechanical-system(MEMS)***,the reported MEMS gravimeter does not have a high sensitivity and a large dynamic range comparable with those of the present commercial gravimeters,lowering its practicability and ruling out worldwide *** this paper,we introduce a more practical MEMS gravimeter that has a higher sensitivity of 8μGal/√Hz and a larger dynamic range of 8000 mGal by using an advanced suspension design and a customized optical displacement *** proposed MEMS gravimeter has performed the co-site earth tides measurement with a commercial superconducting gravimeter GWR iGrav with the results showing a correlation coefficient of 0.91.

关键词： avi dynamic prospecting

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Cardiac nonrigid motion analysis from image sequences

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1115-1118页

作者： liu huafeng (State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China) State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Noninvasive estimation of the soft tissue kinematics properties from medical image sequences has many important clinical and physiological implications, such as the diagnosis of heart diseases and the understanding of cardiac mechanics. In this paper, we present a biomechanics based strategy, framed as a priori constraints for the ill-posed motion recovery problems, to realize estimation of the cardiac motion and deformation parameters. By constructing the heart dynamics system equations from biomechanics principles, we use the finite element method to generate smooth estimates of heart kinematics throughout the cardiac cycle. We present the application of the strategy to the estimation of displacements and strains from in vivo left ventricular magnetic resonance image sequence.

关键词： cardiac motion and deformation continnum mechanics model finite element method.

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Feature-based Quality Assessment of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第9期38卷 1057-1068页

作者： Wuxian He Hongtu Tang Jia Li Chenze Hou Xiaoyan Shen Chenrui Li huafeng liu Weichuan Yu Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan430065China HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute FutianShenzhenChina College of Science Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310023China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Intelligent Optics&Photonics Research Center Jiaxing Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing314000China

In animal experiments,ischemic stroke is usually induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),and quality assessment of this procedure is ***,an accurate assessment method based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)positron emission tomography(PET)is still *** difficulty lies in the inconsistent preprocessing pipeline,biased intensity normalization,or unclear spatiotemporal uptake of ***,we propose an image feature-based protocol to assess the quality of the procedure using a 3D scale-invariant feature transform and support vector *** feature-based protocol provides a convenient,accurate,and reliable tool to assess the quality of the MCAO procedure in FDG PET *** with existing approaches,the proposed protocol is fully quantitative,objective,automatic,and bypasses the intensity normalization *** online interface was constructed to check images and obtain assessment results.

关键词： Ischemic stroke Middle cerebral artery occlusion Brain metabolism FDG PET imaging SIFT classification

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Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 947-956页

作者： Wenjuan Zhu Wenbo Ma Yirong Su Zeng Chen Xinya Chen Yaoguang Ma Lizhong Bai Wenge Xiao Tianyu liu Haiming Zhu Xiaofeng liu huafeng liu Xu liu Yang(Michael)Yang State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina Center for Chemistry of High-Performance&Novel Materials department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina

X-rays are widely used in probing inside information nondestructively,enabling broad applications in the medical radiography and electronic industries.X-ray imaging based on emerging lead halide perovskite scintillators has received extensive attention ***,the strong self-absorption,relatively low light yield and lead toxicity of these perovskites restrict their practical ***,we report a series of nontoxic double-perovskite scintillators of Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)In_(1-y)Bi_(y)Cl_(6).By controlling the content of the heavy atom Bi^(3+),the X-ray absorption coefficient,radiative emission efficiency,light yield and light decay were manipulated to maximise the scintillator performance.A light yield of up to 39,000±7000 photons/MeV for Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)In_(0.85)Bi_(0.15)Cl_(6) was obtained,which is much higher than that for the previously reported lead halide perovskite colloidal CsPbBr_(3)(21,000 photons/MeV).The large Stokes shift between the radioluminescence(RL)and absorption spectra benefiting from self-trapped excitons(STEs)led to a negligible selfabsorption *** the high light output and fast light decay of this scintillator,static X-ray imaging was attained under an extremely low dose of ∼1μGy_(air),and dynamic X-ray imaging of finger bending without a ghosting effect was demonstrated under a low-dose rate of 47.2μGy_(air) s^(−1).After thermal treatment at 85℃ for 50 h followed by X-ray irradiation for 50 h in ambient air,the scintillator performance in terms of the RL intensity and X-ray image quality remained almost *** results shed light on exploring highly competitive scintillators beyond the scope of lead halide perovskites,not only for avoiding toxicity but also for better performance.

关键词： perovskite absorption double

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TEAseq-based identification of 35,696 Dissociation insertional mutations facilitates functional genomic studies in maize

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第11期48卷 961-971页

作者： Mingjie Lyu huafeng liu Joram Kiriga Waititu Ying Sun Huan Wang Junjie Fu Yanhui Chen Jun liu Lixia Ku Xiliu Cheng Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Agronomy Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450002China Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

In plants,transposable element(TE)-triggered mutants are important resources for functional genomic ***,conventional approaches for genome-wide identification of TE insertion sites are costly and *** study developed a novel,rapid,and high-throughput TE insertion site identification workflow based on next-generation sequencing and named it Transposable Element Amplicon Sequencing(TEAseq).Using TEAseq,we systemically profiled the Dissociation(Ds)insertion sites in 1606 independent Ds insertional mutants in advanced backcross generation using K17 as *** Ac-containing individuals were excluded for getting rid of the potential somatic *** characterized 35,696 germinal Ds insertions tagging 10,323 genes,representing approximately 23.3%of the total genes in the maize *** insertion sites were presented in chromosomal hotspots around the ancestral Ds loci,and insertions occurred preferentially in gene body ***,we mapped a loss-of-function AGL2 gene using bulked segregant RNA-sequencing assay and proved that AGL2 is essential for seed *** additionally established an open-access database named MEILAM for easy access to Ds insertional ***,our results have provided an efficient workflow for TE insertion identification and rich sequence-indexed mutant resources for maize functional genomic studies.

关键词： Maize Zea mays Insertion identification Ds transposon Mutant library Next-generation sequencing Functional genomics

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