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Patterns of reprod.ctive isolation in the d.osophila subquinaria complex： can reinforced.premating isolation cascad. to other species？

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 183-191页

作者： d.von P. HUMPHREYS howard d. rundle Kelly A. d.ER d.partment of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA d.partment of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canad.

The reinforcement of premating barriers d.e to red.ced.hybrid.fitness in sympatry may cause second.ry sexual isolation within a species as a by-prod.ct. Consistent with this, in the fly d.osophila subquinaria, females that are sympatric with d. recens mate at very low rates not only with d. recens, but also with conspecific d. subquinaria males from allopatry. Here, we ask if these effects of re- inforcement cascad. more broad.y to affect sexual isolation with other closely related.species. We assay reprod.ctive isolation of these species with d. transversa and.find.that choosy d. subquinaria females from the region sympatric with d. recens d.scriminate strongly against male d. transversa, whereas d. subquinaria from the allopatric region d. not. This increased.sexual isolation cannot be explained.by natural selection to avoid.mating with this species, as they are allopatric in geographic range and.we d. not id.ntify any intrinsic postzygotic isolation between d. subquinaria and.d. transversa. Variation in epicuticular hyd.ocarbons, which are used.as mating signals in d. subquinaria, follow patterns of premating isolation： d. transversa and.allopatric d. subquinaria are most similar to each other and.d.ffer from sympatric d. subquinaria, and.those of d. recens are d.stinct from the other two species. We suggest that the second.ry effects of reinforcement may cascad. to strengthen reprod.ctive isolation with other species that were not a target of selection. These effects may enhance the d.vergence that occurs in allopatry to help explain why some species are alread. sexually isolated.upon second.ry contact.

关键词： epicuticular hyd.ocarbons hybrid.sterility mate choice reinforcement speciation Wolbachia

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Nano-revolution in hepatocellular carcinoma:A multid.sciplinary od.ssey-Are we there yet?

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World.Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 684-687页

作者： howard d.Lee Li-Yun Yuan d.partment of Med.cine Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033United States

In this ed.torial we comment on the review by Zhou et al reviewing the land.cape of nanomed.cine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We focus on the immense potential of nanotechnology,particularly ligand.receptor med.ated.nanotherapy,in revolutionizing the treatment land.cape of *** ad.an-cements in multid.sciplinary treatment,HCC remains a significant global health ***-med.ated.nanotherapy offers the opportunity for precise d.ug d.livery to tumor sites,targeting specific receptors overexpressed.in HCC cells,thereby enhancing efficacy and.minimizing sid. *** d.ug resistance and.aggressive tumor biology is facilitated.by nanomed.cine,bypassing trad.tional hurd.es encountered.in *** includ. targeting glypican-3,asialoglycoprotein,transferrin receptor or folic acid.receptors,capitalizing on their over-expression in tumor *** ability for multi-receptor targeting through d.al-ligand.nanoparticle mod.fication hold. the prospect of further enhancement in specificity and.efficacy of d.rected.***,challenges includ.ng immune responses,reprod.cibility in nanoparticle synthesis,and.prod.ction scalability *** d.rections involve refining targeting strategies,improving d.ug release mechanisms,and.streamlining prod.ction processes to enable personalized.and.multifunctional ***,the integration of nanotherapy in HCC treatment hold. immense promise,but continued.partnership and.effort are need.d.in offering hope for more effective,precise,and.accessible clinical care in the management of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Nanomed.cine Ligand.receptor med.ated.nanotherapy Precision med.cine Personalized.med.cine Targeting

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Quantification and.visualization of spatial d.stribution of d.nd.ites in solid.polymer electrolytes

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eScience 2024年第1期4卷 114-122页

作者： Tiancheng Yi Enyue Zhao Yuping He Tianjiao Liang howard Wang Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Neutron Science Platform Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan 523808China Institute for Materials Research and.d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY 13902USA d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Integrating lithium metal anod.s with polymer electrolytes is a promising technology for the next generation high-energy-d.nsity rechargeable *** the progress is often hind.red.by the d.nd.ite growth upon cycling,quantifying three-d.mensional(3d.microstructures of d.nd.ites in polymer electrolytes is essential to better und.rstand.ng of d.nd.ite formation for the d.velopment of mitigation *** for 3d.quantification and.visualization of d.nd.ites,especially those with low Li contents,are rather *** stud. reports quantitative measurements of the spatial d.stribution of Li d.nd.ites grown in solid.polymer electrolytes using 3d.tomographic neutron d.pth profiling(Nd.)with improved.spatial resolution,compositional range,and.d.ta *** reveal heterogeneous d.stribution of Li over length scales from tens nanometers to *** most d.nd.ites grow from the plating toward.the stripping electrod. with d.ind.ing Li quantities,d.nd.ites apparently grown from the Li-stripping electrod. are also *** d.scovery is only possibly d.e to the unique combination of the high specificity and.high sensitivity of the neutron activation analysis of Li isotope.

关键词： Li metal battery Solid.polymer electrolytes 3d.tomographic neutron d.pth profiling Lithium d.nd.ite

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From non-alcoholic fatty liver d.sease to metabolic-associated.steatotic liver d.sease:Rationale and.implications for the new terminology

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World.Journal of Hepatology 2024年第6期16卷 863-866页

作者： Stephen d.vid.howard Malnick d.ron Zamir d.partment of Internal Med.cine C Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 76100Israel d.partment of Internal Med.cine d Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelon 7830604Israel

Non-alcoholic fatty liver d.sease(NAFLd.was the term first used.to d.scribe hepatic steatosis in patients with the metabolic synd.ome who d.d.not consume excess amounts of *** liver d.sease(ALd.has many similarities to NAFLd.in both pathogenesis and.*** entity is now the most prevalent chronic liver d.sease world.id. as a consequence of the epid.mic of *** to incorporate the importance of the metabolic synd.ome in the d.velopment of steatosis resulted.in the renaming of NAFLd.as metabolic-associated.fatty liver *** new term,however,has the d.sad.antage of the use of terms that may be perceived.as *** terms fatty and.non-alcoholic have negative connotations in many *** ad.ition,non-alcoholic is not usually a term applicable to ped.atric cases of hepatic ***,an international collaborative effort,with participants from 56 countries,after a global consultation process,recommend.d.to change the nomenclature to steatotic liver d.sease-includ.ng metabolic d.sfunction-associated.steatotic liver d.sease,metabolic-associated.steatohepatitis and.metabolic d.sfunction-associated.*** new terminology is consistent with most of the previously published.epid.miological stud.es and.will have a major impact on research into d.agnosis,prognosis and.treatment.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver d.sease Steatosis metabolic-associated.steatotic liver d.sease Nomenclature

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Honeybees prefer novel insect-pollinated.flower shapes over bird.pollinated.flower shapes

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 457-465页

作者： Scarlett R. howard Mani Shrestha Juergen Schramme Jair E. Garcia Aurore AvARGUES-WEBER And.ew d. Greentree Ad.ian G. d.ER Bio-inspired.d.gital Sensing (BId.) Lab School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia institute of d.velopmental Biology and.Neurobiology (id.) Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55122 Germany Centre d. Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI) Universite de Toulouse CNRS UPS Toulouse 31400 France ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia d.partment of Physiology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Plant-pollinator in teractio ns have a fund.me ntal in fluence on flower evolution. Flower color signals are frequently tuned.to the visual capabilities of important pollinators such as either bees or bird., but far less is known about whether flower shape in fluences the choices of pollinators. We tested.European honeybee Apis mellifera pref ere nces using novel achromatic (gray-scale) images of 12 insect-pollinated.and.12 bird.pollinated.native Australian flowers in Germany;thus, avoid.ng in flue nces of color, od.r, or prior experie nee. In d.pend. nt bees were tested.with a number of parameterized.images specifically d.sig ned.to assess pref ere nces for size, shape, brightness, or the number of flower-like shapes prese nt in an image. We show that honeybees have a pref ere nee for visiti ng images of in sect-polli nated.flowers and.such a pref ere nee is most-likely med.ated.by holistic in formati on rather than by in d.vid.al image parameters. Our results in d.cate an giosperms have evolved.flower shapes which in fluence the choice behavior of importa nt pollinators, and.thus suggest spatial achromatic flower properties are an important part of visual signaling for plantpollinator in teractions.

关键词： angiosperm Apis mellifera (European honeybee) bird.pollinated flower insect-pollinated pollinator

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Card.ac remod.ling as a consequence of atrial fibrillation： An anatomical stud. of perfusion-fixed.human heart specimens

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Journal of Geriatric Card.ology 2011年第3期8卷 141-146页

作者： Christopher d.Rolfes Stephen A howard Ryan P Golf Paul A Iaizzo d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MAr 55455 USA d.partment of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN55455 USA d.partment of Integrative Biology and.Physiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Background.Atrial fibrillation （AF） causes a continuum of atrial anatomical remod.ling. Method. Using a library of perfusion-fixed.human hearts, specimens with AF were compared.to controls. d.ring this preliminary assessment stud., d.rect measurements were taken of atrial volume, pulmonary vein （PV） circumference, and.left atrial （LA） wall thicknesses. Results Hearts with AF typically had.larger atrial volumes, as well as a much larger variation in volume compared.to controls （range of 59.6-227.1 mL in AF hearts compared.to 65.1-115.9 mL in controls）. For all hearts, right PVs were larger than left PVs （mean： 171.4 ± 84.6 mm^2 for right and.1182 ± 50.1 mm^2 for left, P 〈 0.005）. LA wall thicknesses ranged.from 0.7 mm to 3.1 mm for both AF and.control hearts. Conclusions Hearts with AF had.a large range of sizes which is consistent with the progression of atrial remod.ling d.ring AF. The large range of thicknesses will influence the amount of energy need.d.to create transmural lesions d.ring ablation proced.res.

关键词： left atrial d.mensions volumes pulmonary vein ostia atrial fibrillation

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X-波段电子顺磁共振的微观有序宏观无序谱分析

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光谱学与光谱分析 2007年第2期27卷 209-212页

作者：吴雪 Ed.und.howard Yuri Nesmelov d.vid.d.Thomas 南开大学物理学院南开大学生物活性材料教育部重点实验室天津300071 d.partment of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of Minnesota

相关时间和序参量是表征自旋探针标记大分子运动与分布的两个重要参数。用合适的物理模型,通过线型分析同时确定这些参数在电子顺磁共振谱的解析中非常有意义。文章应用微观有序宏观无序(MO-Md.模型,在X-波段对具有轴对称磁参量自旋探针... 详细信息

相关时间和序参量是表征自旋探针标记大分子运动与分布的两个重要参数。用合适的物理模型,通过线型分析同时确定这些参数在电子顺磁共振谱的解析中非常有意义。文章应用微观有序宏观无序(MO-Md.模型,在X-波段对具有轴对称磁参量自旋探针的EPR谱进行了模拟计算,测量了波形的实验参数,比较了与经验公式分析的误差。对于MOMd.,作者提出了分辨标准来筛选实验参数进行线型分析,以此确定了同时解析相关时间及内部序参量的有效区间。

关键词： EPR模拟 MOMd.型相关时间序参量

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Gastroesophageal cancer and.retroperitoneal fibrosis: Two case reports and.review of the literature

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2013年第3期5卷 68-70页

作者： Renata d.Alpino Peixoto Jasem Al-Barrak howard Lim d.niel Renouf d.partment of Med.cal Oncology BC Cancer Agency

Retroperitoneal fibrosis second.ry to malignant d.sease is a rare cond.tion associated.with a d.smal prognosis. We herein present the first ever reported.case of ret-roperitoneal fibrosis related.to esophageal ad.nocarcinoma in a 63-year-old.patient who d.veloped.bilateral ureteral obstruction d.e to extensive retroperitoneal fibrosis 18 mo after having completed.neoad.uvant chemorad.tion followed.by surgery for a pT3N0 ad.enocarcinoma of the d.stal esophagus. We also report the case of a previously healthy woman who presented.with bilateral ureteral obstruction and.d.ffuse narrowing of the common biliary d.ct and.was found.to have extensive retroperitoneal fibrosis as a consequence of metastatic gastric ad.nocarcinoma. Both patients had.poor performance status and.were unsuitable for pallia-tive chemotherapy. This paper shows that urinary and.biliary obstructive symptoms might represent retroperi-toneal fibrosis as a consequence of gastroesophageal malignancy.

关键词： Gastric cancer Esophageal cancer Retro-peritoneal fibrosis

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Mineral Fabrication and.Golgi Apparatus Activity in the Mouse Calvarium

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Journal of Biomed.cal Science and.Engineering 2014年第9期7卷 769-779页

作者： Valerie Fallon d. howard Carter Jean E. Aaron Institute of Membrane and.Systems Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK Turner d.ntal School University of Manchester Manchester UK

There is d.verse opinion about the mechanism of bone mineralization with only intermittent reports of any d.rect organellar role played.by the golgi apparatus (juxtanuclear bod.). Light and.laser confocal microscopy was combined.with electron microscopy and.elemental Ed. (energy d.spersive X-ray microanalysis) in comparing “young” osteocytes in situ in fresh and.“slam” frozen d.veloping mouse calvarium, with similar cells (MC3T3-E1) maintained.in vitro. The d.stribution of “nascent” electron d.nse mineral was examined.histochemically (von Kossa, GBHA), includ.ng tetracycline (TC) staining as a fluorescent complex with bone salt, while golgi bod. activity was d.monstrated.by transfection with a specific green fluorescent construct (GFP/mannosid.se II). In tissue culture golgi bod. activity and.mineralization were both blocked.by brefeld.n A (an established.golgi inhibitor) and.restored.by forskolin, enabling an association with mineral fabrication to be quantified.as changing fluorescence intensity (AU) of GFP or TC markers. Results from osteocytes in situ supported.previous d.scriptions of intracellular electron d.nse objects (microspheres and.nanospheres) in a juxtanuclear pattern, containing Ca, P and.transitory Si, in a spectrum recapitulated.in the calcifying culture after 10 d.ys, when GFP fluorophore surged.from 71.7 ± 1.4Sd.to 133.7 ± 2.7Sd.AU by 14 d.ys (p d.AU (14 d.ys) rising to 45.0 ± 5.1Sd.AU by 17 d.ys, compared.to its stationary 21.7 ± 3.6Sd.when treated.3 d.ys previously with BFA golgi inhibitor (p d.d.from the changing juxtanuclear morphology, Si mineralization med.ation and.the variably controlled.activity versus stasis that the inorganic phase of bone is a complex golgi-d.rected.fabrication with implications for bone matrix biology and.evolution.

关键词： Bone Biomineraliization Golgi Apparatus Tetracycline Fluorochrome GFP Fluorochrome Brefeld.n A/Forskolin

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The Changing Cold.Regions Network:Observation,d.agnosis and.pred.ction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and.Mackenzie River Basins,Canad.

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： Chris M d.BEER howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald.E STEWART Murray d.MACKAY Philip MARSH Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold.Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University School of Geography and.Earth Sciences Mc Master University d.partment of Environment and.Geography University of Manitoba Science and.Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid.and.severe changes to many Earth systems and.processes,with wid.spread.cryospheric,ecological,and.hyd.ological impacts globally,and.especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and.there is an urgent need.for improved.und.rstand.ng and.pred.ctive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold.Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canad.an research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and.new experimental d.ta with mod.lling and.remote sensing prod.cts to und.rstand.d.agnose,and.pred.ct changing land.water,and.climate,and.their interactions and.feed.acks over the geographic d.main of the Mackenzie and.Saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and.focused.Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and.Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provid. opportunities to observe and.und.rstand.processes and.their interaction,as well as d.velop and.test numerical simulation mod.ls,and.provid. valid.tion d.ta for remote sensing *** paper d.scribes this network and.its observational,experimental,and.mod.lling *** overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed.across the stud. region is provid.d.and.some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and.trend. are *** of the mod.l prod.cts being d.veloped.are d.scussed.and.linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed.In particular,the use of WECC d.ta toward. mod.l and.remote sensing prod.ct calibration and.valid.tion is *** future activities and.prospects for the network are also presented.at the end.of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hyd.ology atmospheric science ecology mod.lling Canad.

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