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Investigation of dense slurry suspensions with coaxial mixers:Influences of design variables through tomography and mathematical modelling

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Particuology 2022年第6期20卷 1-16页

作者： Prakash Mishra Farhad ein-Mozaffari Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson UniversityTorontoM5B 2K3Canada

The coaxial mixers enhance the suspension of concentrated slurries in an agitated *** this research work,the complex slurry suspension and dissemination behavior in a coaxial slurry mixing system(comprised of a close clearance anchor rotating with a low speed and an inner axial impeller rotating with a high speed)was analyzed employing ERT(electrical resistance tomography,a non-intrusive flow visualization technique),and computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The numerical models were validated by comparing the axial solid concentration profiles generated using the ERT data and the CFD simulation *** influences of various important parameters such as the diameter of the inner axial impeller,the inner impeller type,and the inner impeller spacing on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the slurry suspensions in a coaxial mixing vessel were thoroughly *** radial and axial velocity profiles of solid particles were generated using the validated mathematical *** assessment of energy loss due to the solid-solid collisions,the particle-fluid frictions,and the particle-vessel wall collisions was *** evaluation of optimum inner impeller clearance and inner impeller diameter is essential to attain a high degree of solids suspension and dissemination in a coaxial slurry mixing system.

关键词： Coaxial mixer Slurry suspension Homogeneity Mixing index Electrical resistance tomography(ERT) Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

Mixing and segregation assessment of bi-disperse solid particles in a double paddle mixer

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Particuology 2023年第3期74卷 184-199页

作者： Behrooz Jadidi Mohammadreza Ebrahimi Farhad ein-Mozaffari Ali Lohi Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoM5B 2K3Canada

A double paddle blender's flow patterns and mixing mechanisms were analyzed using discrete element method(DEM)and *** mixing performance of this type of the blender containing bi-disperse particles has been rarely studied in the ***-Burman design of experiments(DoE)methodology was used to calibrate the DEM input ***,the impact of the particle number ratio,vessel fill level,and paddle rotational speed on mixing performance was investigated using the calibrated DEM *** mixing performance was assessed using relative standard deviation and segregation *** performance was significantly affected by the paddle rotational speed and particle number ***,the Peclet number and diffusivity coefficient were used to evaluate the mixing mechanism in the *** revealed that the diffusion was the predominant mixing mechanism,and the best mixing performance was observed when the diffusivity coefficients of 3 mm and 5 mm particles were almost equal.

关键词： Double paddle blender Discrete element method(DEM) Granular mixing Mixing kinetics and mechanism Bi-disperse solid particles

Benzimidazole and its derivatives as cancer therapeutics:The potential role from traditional to precision medicine

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第2期13卷 478-497页

作者： Yeuan Ting Lee Yi Jer Tan Chern ein Oon Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine(INFORMM) Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 MindenPenangMalaysia

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally which remains a continuing threat to human health *** insensitivity and resistance are critical hurdles in cancer treatment;therefore,the development of new entities targeting malignant cells is considered a high *** therapy is the cornerstone of precision *** synthesis of benzimidazole has garnered the attention of medicinal chemists and biologists due to its remarkable medicinal and pharmacological *** has a heterocyclic pharmacophore,which is an essential scaffold in drug and pharmaceutical *** studies have demonstrated the bioactivities of benzimidazole and its derivatives as potential anticancer therapeutics,either through targeting specific molecules or non-gene-specific *** review provides an update on the mechanism of actions of various benzimidazole derivatives and the structure-activity relationship from conventional anticancer to precision healthcare and from bench to clinics.

关键词： Benzimidazole derivatives Targeted therapy Anticancer Precision medicine

Effect of impeller type on mixing of highly concentrated slurries of large particles

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Particuology 2020年第3期18卷 88-99页

作者： Argang Kazemzadeh Farhad ein-Mozaffari Ali Lohi Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoM5B 2K3Canada

Many chemical engineering processes deal with dense suspensions of large solid particles in *** of such systems are difficult to predict because the many solid particles strongly affect the hydrodynamics produced by the *** main objective was to assess the performances of the PBT,A310,and PF3 impellers in agitating highly concentrated slurries of large *** resistance tomography was used to determine the degree of homogeneity and solid particle distribution within the slurry *** gain more insight into the complex behavior of the flow inside the dense suspensions,computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted using a Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase *** qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to obtain details on the dispersed solid phase distribution and its effect on the mixing *** found that the PBT impeller was the most efficient in terms of consuming power and generating velocity and turbulent kinetic energy within the mixing tank.

关键词： Suspension Highly concentrated slurry Electrical resistance tomography Computational fluid dynamics Homogeneity

Anti-tumour activity and toxicological studies of combination treatment of Orthosiphon stamineus and gemcitabine on pancreatic xenograft model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4620-4634页

作者： Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya Ayappa V Subramaniam Muhammad Asif Gurjeet Kaur Amin M S Abdul Majid Chern ein Oon Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 11800Malaysia Cancer Research Eman BiodiscoveriesKedah 08000Malaysia Department of Pharmacology Faculty of PharmacyThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPunjab 63100Pakistan Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics The John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralia 2601Australia

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive cancer *** is the first line chemo-drug used for pancreatic cancer but exerts a broad spectrum of organ toxicities and adverse effects in *** To evaluate the anti-tumour activity and toxicological effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extract formulation(ID:C5EOSEW5050ESA trademarked as Nuvastatic^(TM)),and gemcitabine combination on pancreatic xenograft *** Mice were randomly divided into six groups of 6 mice each(n=6)and given different treatments for 28 *** study design consisted of a 2 x 3 factorial treatment structure,with gemcitabine(yes/no)by oral(at 1200 and 400 mg/kg per day).Human pancreatic cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of athymic nude mice.C5EOSEW5050ESA(200 or 400 mg/kg per day)was administered orally,while gemcitabine(10 mg/kg per 3 d)was given intraperitoneally either alone or in combination *** analyses of vital organs,tumour tissues,and incidence of lethality were *** of tumour necrosis and proliferation were determined by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67,*** No signs of toxicity or damage to vital organs were observed in all treatment groups compared to the untreated group.C5EOSEW5050ESA at 200 mg/kg and gemcitabine combination had no additive antitumor effects compared to a single ***,a comparably greater response in a reduction in tumour growth,Ki-67 protein expression,and necrosis was demonstrated by 400 mg/kg of C5EOSEW5050ESA and gemcitabine combination than that of the individual *** These results highlighted the synergistic activity of C5EOSEW5050ESA with gemcitabine to reduce pancreatic tumour growth in mice compared to a single ***,this study provides valuable insights into using C5EOSEW5050ESA as a complementary treatment with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Orthosiphon stamineus C5EOSEW5050ESA Gemcitabine Complementary medicine

Circulation intensity and axial dispersion of non-cohesive solid particles in a V-blender via DEM simulation

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Particuology 2013年第6期11卷 619-626页

作者： Parisa Tahvildarian Farhad ein-Mozaffari Simant R.Upreti Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University

In this study, discrete element method （DEM） was employed to simulate the movement of non-cohesive mono-dispersed particles in a V-blender along with particle-particle and particle-boundary interactions. To validate the model, DEM results were successfully compared to positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） data reported in literature. The validated model was then utilized to explore the effects of rotational speed and fill level on circulation intensity and axial dispersion coefficient of non-cohesive particles in the V-blender. The results showed that the circulation intensity increased with an increase in the rotational speed from 15 to 60 rpm. As the fill level increased from 20% to 46%, the circulation intensity decreased, reached its minimum value at a fill level of 34% for all rotational speeds, and did not change significantly at fill levels greater than 34%. The DEM results also revealed that the axial dispersion coefficient of particles in the V-blender was a linear function of the rotational speed. These trends were in good agreement with the experimentallv determined values reported bv previous researchers.

关键词： Powder mixing Discrete element method Circulation intensity Dispersion coefficient V-blender

BZD9L1 benzimidazole analogue hampers colorectal tumor progression by impeding angiogenesis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第5期15卷 810-827页

作者： Chern ein Oon Ayappa V Subramaniam Lik Yang Ooi Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya Yeuan Ting Lee Gurjeet Kaur Sreenivasan Sasidharan Beiying Qiu Xiaomeng Wang Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 11800Malaysia Cancer Research Eman BiodiscoveriesKedah 08000Malaysia Vatche and Tamar Division of Digestive Diseases Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 169857Singapore Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore 168751Singapore

BACKGROUND The development of new vasculatures(angiogenesis)is indispensable in supplying oxygen and nutrients to fuel tumor *** dysregulation in the tumor vasculature is critical to colorectal cancer(CRC)***(SIRT)enzymes are highly expressed in blood ***9L1 benzimidazole analogue is a SIRT 1 and 2 inhibitor with reported anticancer activities in ***,its role has yet to be explored in CRC tumor *** To investigate the anti-angiogenic potential of BZD9L1 on endothelial cells(EC)in vitro,ex vivo and in HCT116 CRC xenograft in vivo *** ***926 EC were treated with half inhibitory concentration(IC50)(2.5μM),IC50(5.0μM),and double IC50(10.0μM)of BZD9L1 and assessed for cell proliferation,adhesion and SIRT 1 and 2 protein ***,2.5μM and 5.0μM of BZD9L1 were employed in downstream in vitro assays,including cell cycle,cell death and sprouting in *** effect of BZD9L1 on cell adhesion molecules and SIRT 1 and 2 were assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).The growth factors secreted by EC post-treatment were evaluated using the Quantibody Human Angiogenesis *** co-culture with HCT116 CRC cells was performed to investigate the impact of growth factors modulated by BZD9L1-treated EC on *** effect of BZD9L1 on sprouting impediment and vessel regression was determined using mouse ***116 cells were also injected subcutaneously into nude mice and analyzed for the outcome of BZD9L1 on tumor necrosis,Ki67 protein expression indicative of proliferation,cluster of differentiation 31(CD31)and CD34 EC markers,and SIRT 1 and 2 genes via hematoxylin and eosin,immunohistochemistry and qPCR,*** BZD9L1 impeded EC proliferation,adhesion,and spheroid sprouting through the downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1,vascular endothelial cadherin,integrin-alpha V,SIRT1 and SIRT2 *** compound also arrested the cells at G1 phase and i

关键词： Colorectal cancer BZD9L1 Sirtuin Benzimidazole Angiogenesis

Using the discrete element method to assess the mixing of polydisperse solid particles in a rotary drum

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Particuology 2016年第2期14卷 133-142页

作者： Basel Alchikh-Sulaiman Meysam Alian Farhad ein-Mozaffari Ali Lohi Simant R. Upreti Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Canada M5B 2K3

Despite the wide applications of powder and solid mixing in industry, knowledge on the mixing of polydisperse solid particles in rotary drum blenders is lacking. This study investigates the mixing of monodisperse, bidisperse, tridisperse, and polydisperse solid particles in a rotary drum using the dis- crete element method. To validate the model developed in this study, experimental and simulation results were compared. The validated model was then employed to investigate the effects of the drum rotational speed, particle size, and initial loading method on the mixing quality. The degree of mixing of polydis- perse particles was smaller than that for monodisperse particles owing to the segregation phenomenon. The mixing index increased from an initial value to a maximum and decreased slightly before reaching a plateau for bidisperse, tridisperse, and polydisperse particles as a direct result of the segregation of par- ticles of different sizes. Final mixing indices were higher for polydisperse particles than for tridisperse and bidisperse particles. Additionally, segregation was weakened by introducing additional particles of intermediate size. The best mixing of bidisperse and tridisperse particles was achieved for top-bottom smaller-to-larger initial loading, while that of polydisperse systems was achieved using top-bottom smaller-to-larger and top-bottom larger-to-smaller initial loading methods.

关键词： Rotary drum mixer Discrete element method Mixing index Polydisperse particles Loading methods

Persian medicine non-pharmacological therapies for headache：phlebotomy and wet cupping

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第3期38卷 457-464页

作者： Akramo Sadat Atyabi Fatemeh Nejatbakhsh Hoorie Mohammadi Kenari Fatemeh Eghbalian Mohammad hos-sein Ayati Laila Shirbeigi Department of Traditional Medicine School of Traditional Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran *** Iran Research Institute for Islamicand Complementary Medicine School of Traditional Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran*** Iran Department of History of Medicine School of Traditional Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran *** Iran

OBJECTIVE: To describe the common causes of headache as well as the different methods of Phlebotomy(Fasd) and wet Cupping(Hijamat) based on Persian ***: In this study, we searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pub Med and Scopus to get any in vitro or clinical evidence of the efficacy and possible mechanisms of phlebotomy or wet cupping on different types of headaches. Also different types of headaches, according to PM, under the title of "Sodaa"; extracted from famous Persian medical text books with key words including "Sodaa","Bayze" and "Shaqiqe".RESULTS: According to PM, diseases(dystemperament) are created by abnormal alteration in temperament. Temperament is a monolithic quality yielded by interaction between opposing qualities of four elements that are coldness, hotness, dryness and wetness. Headaches are caused by dystemperament(sue-Mizaj) in brain or in total body that are divided into simple and corporal. Common forms of the latter type are Vaporal and Migrant headache(Bokhari and Rihi). Each of these headaches is treated either through phlebotomy or wet ***: In Persian Medicine, Fasd and Hijamat are easy and economical methods for treatment of headache with reasonable results. By describing the precise areas and indications of phlebotomy and wet cupping, this study provides the first step for future clinical trials in this field.

关键词： Headache Phlebotomy Cupping thera-py Sodaa Persian Medicine