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Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F{139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me (αII) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) Pr.me number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay

Geogr.phies of Chemical War.ar. in Vietnam: The Mer.y Band of r.tir.es

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： Br.an r. Higgins State Univer.ity of new Yor. Plattsburgh NY USA

This r.view explor.s the r.cent development of r.sear.h on r.inbow her.icides as chemical weapons and the geogr.phies of chemical war.ar. in what is now the Socialist r.public of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Or.nge have pr.viously been well documented, the pr.duction and extensive application of five other.r.inbow agents by the United States militar. has only r.cently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this r.sear.h of chemical war.ar. landscapes is that the 23 r.fer.ed jour.al publications in this r.view wer. designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective r.sear.h pr.ject by Ken Olson and a Mer.y Band of Militar. r.tir.es. Their.gr.undbr.aking r.sear.h por.folio includes many geogr.phical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical war.ar.. This includes the extensive exposur. of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposur. of US militar. per.onnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposur. of civilians near.the pr.vate industr.al sites that pr.duced these r.inbow agents in nor.h Amer.ca and the hazar.ous soil contamination that per.ever.s at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impr.ssive r.sear.h depth and global scope, this r.view explor.s the unique way this r.sear.h por.folio was developed by a Mer.y Band of r.tir.es thr.ugh an inter.iew with its leader. Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical or.entation of these militar. veter.ns, the political ecology involved, the cr.ative str.tegies they utilized to pr.duce this innovative r.sear.h, and how they changed the way Veter.ns exposed to chemical war.ar. agents ar. tr.ated by the US gover.ment.

关键词： Chemical War.ar. r.inbow Agents Geogr.phy Mer.y Band of r.tir.es Political Ecology

Br.in r.sear.h on Mental Disor.er.: A Cr.ticism

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Open Jour.al of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： John r. r.ssiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia School of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: To expose the pr.blems and inher.nt limitations of neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er.. Method: Discussion of the theor. under.ying br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. r.sults: The fundamental pr.blem is that br.in r.sear.her. fail to differ.ntiate between biological mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses cause the disor.er.(notably schizophr.nia, bipolar.disor.er. and melancholic depr.ssion) and lear.ed mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses mediate but do not cause the disor.er.(which is the case with r.active depr.ssion, r.active anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). r.sear.her. have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the br.in that cause biological mental disor.er., and will never.be able to locate the innumer.ble specific neur.l connections that mediate lear.ed mental disor.er.. Mor.over. the author.s r.view of typical studies in this field shows that they have ser.ous pr.blems with theor., measur.ment, and data analysis, and that their.findings cannot be tr.sted. Conclusions: neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., unlike other.neur.logical r.sear.h, has been an expensive failur. and it is not wor.h continuing.

关键词： neur.science-Based Br.in r.sear.h Biological Mental Disor.er. Lear.ed Mental Disor.er. r.sear.h Pr.blems

The Quantum Micr.ver.e: A Pr.me number.Fr.mewor. for.Under.tanding the Univer.e

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期14卷 264-274页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

This study aims to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept for.a novel theor. of the univer.e based on the Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α), der.ved fr.m n-dimensional pr.me number.pr.per.y sets, specifically α = 137 and α = 139. The FSC Model intr.duces a new per.pective on the fundamental natur. of our.univer.e, showing that α = 137.036 can be calculated fr.m these pr.me pr.per.y sets. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant, a cor.er.tone in Quantum Electr.dynamics (QED) and Quantum Chr.modynamics (QCD), implies an under.ying str.ctur.. This study identifies this mathematical fr.mewor. and demonstr.tes how the FSC model theor. aligns with our.cur.ent under.tanding of physics and cosmology. The r.sults unveil a hier.r.hy of α values for.twin pr.me pair. U{3/2} thr.ugh U{199/197}. These values, r.pr.sented by their.fr.ction par.s α♊ (e.g., 0.036), define the r.lative electr.magnetic for.es dr.ving quantum ener.y systems. The lower.twin pr.me pair., such as U{3/2}, exhibit higher.EM for.es that decr.ase as the twin pair. incr.ase, tur.ing dar. when they dr.p below the α♊ for.light. The r.sults pr.vide classical definitions for.Bar.onic Matter.Ener.y, Dar. Matter. Dar. Ener.y, and Antimatter.but mostly illustr.te how the combined α♊ values for.thr.e adjacent twin pr.mes, U{7/5/3/2} mir.or. the str.ng nuclear.for.e of gluons holding quar.s together.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant Fr.ctional Coupling Constants Matter.Antimatter Dar. Matter.Ener.y Quantum Gr.vity Pr.me number. Set Theor.

Decadal For.casts of Lar.e Ear.hquakes along the nor.her. San Andr.as Fault System, Califor.ia: Incr.ased Activity on r.gional Cr.eping Faults Pr.or.to Major.and Gr.at Events

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 204-230页

作者： Lynn r. Sykes Lamont-Doher.y Ear.h Obser.ator. of Columbia Univer.ity Palisades New York USA

The thr.e lar.est ear.hquakes in nor.her. Califor.ia since 1849 wer. pr.ceded by incr.ased decadal activity for.moder.te-size shocks along sur.ounding near.y faults. Incr.ased seismicity, double-differ.nce pr.cise locations of ear.hquakes since 1968, geodetic data and fault offsets for.the 1906 gr.at shock ar. used to r.-examine the timing and locations of possible futur. lar.e ear.hquakes. The physical mechanisms of r.gional faults like the Calaver.s, Haywar. and Sar.ent, which exhibit cr.ep, differ.fr.m those of the nor.her. San Andr.as, which is cur.ently locked and is not cr.eping. Much decadal for.r.nning activity occur.ed on cr.eping faults. Moder.te-size ear.hquakes along those faults became mor. fr.quent as str.sses in the r.gion incr.ased in the latter.par. of the cycle of str.ss r.stor.tion for.major.and gr.at ear.hquakes along the San Andr.as. They may be useful for.decadal for.casts. Year.y to decadal for.casts, however. ar. based on only a few major.to gr.at events. Activity along closer.faults like that in the two year. pr.or.to the 1989 Loma Pr.eta shock needs to be examined for.possible year.y for.r.nning changes to lar.e plate boundar. ear.hquakes. Geodetic obser.ations ar. needed to focus on identifying cr.eping faults close to the San Andr.as. The distr.bution of moder.te-size ear.hquakes incr.ased significantly since 1990 along the Haywar. fault but not adjacent to the San Andr.as fault to the south of San Fr.ncisco compar.d to what took place in the decades pr.or.to the thr.e major.histor.c ear.hquakes in the r.gion. It is now clear.fr.m a r.-examination of the 1989 mainshock that the incr.ased level of moder.te-size shocks in the one to two pr.ceding decades occur.ed on near.y East Bay faults. Double-differ.nce locations of small ear.hquakes pr.vide str.ctur.l infor.ation about faults in the r.gion, especially their.depths. The nor.her. San Andr.as fault is divided into sever.l str.ngly coupled segments based on differ.nces in seismicity.

关键词： San Andr.as and Haywar. Faults Califor.ia Fault Cr.ep For.casts Double-Differ.nce r.locations

Sex-specific life-histor. tr.it expr.ssion in hybr.ds of a cave- and sur.ace-dwelling fish (Poecilia mexicana, Poecilidae)

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Cur.ent Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 421-429页

作者： r.diger.r.esch Luis r.Ar.iaga Ingo Schlupp Depar.ment of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 OEXUK CEFE CNRSUnivMontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance Depar.ment of Biology University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Evaluating the fitness of hybr.ds can pr.vide impor.ant insights into genetic differ.nces between species or.diver.ing *** focused on sur.ace-and cave-ecotypes of the widespr.ad Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and r.ised F1 hybr.ds of r.cipr.cal cr.sses to sexual matur.ty in a common-gar.en *** wer. r.ar.d in a fully factor.al 2 x 2 design consisting of lighting(light ***)and r.sour.e availability(high *** food).We quantified sur.ival,ability to r.alize their.full r.pr.ductive potential(i.e.,completed matur.tion for.males and 3 consecutive bir.hs for.females)and essential life-histor. *** to the per.or.ance of pur. cave and sur.ace fish fr.m a pr.vious exper.ment,F1s had the highest death r.te and the lowest pr.por.ion of fish that r.ached their.full r.pr.ductive *** also uncover.d an intr.guing patter. of sex-specific phenotype expr.ssion,because male hybr.ds expr.ssed cave molly life histor.es,while female hybr.ds expr.ssed sur.ace molly life *** r.sults pr.vide evidence for.str.ng selection against hybr.ds in the cave molly system,but also sug-gest a complex patter. of sex-specific(opposing)dominance,with cer.ain sur.ace molly genes being dominant in female hybr.ds and cer.ain cavemollygenes beingdominant in malehybr.ds.

关键词： dominance life-histor. evolution local adaptation postzygotic isolation selection against hybr.ds.

Heat and Mass Tr.nsfer.for.a nanofluid Flow in Fluidized Bed Dr.er.in Pr.sence of Induced Magnetic Field

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Jour.al of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1401-1425页

作者： Kiptum J. Pur.ty Mathew n. Kinyanjui Edwar. r. Onyango Pan Afr.can Univer.ity Institute for.Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Depar.ment of Pur. and Applied Mathematics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

This r.sear.h entails the study of heat and mass tr.nsfer.of nanofluid flow in a fluidized bed dr.er.used in tea dr.ing pr.cesses in pr.sence of induced magnetic field. A mathematical model descr.bing the fluid flow in a Fluidized bed dr.er.was developed using the nonlinear.par.ial differ.ntial equations. Due to their.non-linear.ty, the equations wer. solved numer.cally by use of the finite differ.nce method. The effects of physical flow par.meter. on velocity, temper.tur., concentr.tion and magnetic induction pr.files wer. studied and r.sults wer. pr.sented gr.phically. Fr.m the mathematical analysis, it was deduced that addition of silver.nanopar.icles into the fluid flow enhanced velocity and temper.tur. pr.files. This led to impr.ved heat tr.nsfer.in the fluidized bed dr.er. hence amplifying the tea dr.ing pr.cess. Fur.her.or., it was noted that induced magnetic field tends to decr.ase the fluid velocity, which r.sults in unifor. distr.bution of heat leading to efficient heat tr.nsfer.between the tea par.icles and the fluid, thus impr.ving the dr.ing pr.cess. The r.sear.h findings pr.vide infor.ation to industr.es on ways to optimize ther.al per.or.ance of fluidized bed dr.er..

关键词： Heat Tr.nsfer Induced Magnetic Field nanofluid Fluidized Bed Dr.er

Paleoenvir.nmental changes r.cor.ed by gr.in size of loess/paleosol sequence fr.m the Chifeng City,nor.heaster. China since the Last Glacial

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3068-3082页

作者： LI Juan Br.E Kr.stofor.r.ZHAnG Mengge JIAnG Zhuodong WAnG Qiubing College of Land and Envir.nment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Depar.ment of Cr.p Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

The accumulation pr.cesses of loess in nor.heaster.(nE)China r.cor. the var.ing char.cter.stics of the East Asian Monsoons(EAM)and the evolution of the local *** this study,gr.in size end-member.analysis of the Dajiugang(DJG)section deposited since the Last Glacial in Chifeng City,nE China was used to r.veal the dynamic depositional char.cter.stics of loess and envir.nmental evolution of nE *** showed that the Chifeng loess compr.ses thr.e gr.in size end-member.(EM),EM1(7.38μm),EM2(49.4μm)and EM3(90.00μm),indicating the thr.e tr.nspor. dynamics of dust deliver.d to the *** EM1 r.pr.sents atmospher.c dust as the *** EM2,mainly der.ved fr.m r.latively distant-sour.es deposition,and EM3,mater.al tr.nspor.ed over.a shor. distance,cor.espond to the intensity of southwester.y winds and the East Asian Winter.Monsoon(EAWM),*** of climate r.constr.ction,combined with other.r.cor.s,showed that the climate was gener.lly cold and dr. with a str.ng EAWM and a weak East Asian summer.monsoon(EASM)dur.ng the stadial-per.od[Mar.ne Isotope Stage(MIS)4 and MIS 2 stage].The climate was pr.dominantly war. and humid,with weak EAWM and sur.ace winds and str.ng EASM in inter.tadial-per.od(MIS 3 and MIS 1 stage).Compar.sons between indicator.,e.g.,EM3,the Lr.4 benthicδ18O stack and summer.insolation at 65°n suggest that the str.ng EAWM is induced by incr.asing the nor.her. Hemispher. ice volume and r.duced summer.solar.r.diation.

关键词： Loess deposit Gr.in size end-member nor.heaster. China Envir.nmental change The Last Glacial

Study of ZnO nanopar.icle-suppor.ed clay miner.ls for.electr.chemical sensor.,photocatalysis,and antioxidant applications

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第1期3卷 83-93页

作者： Mylar.ppa M n.r.ghavendr. n.r.Bhumika C.H.Chaithr. B.n.nagalaxmi K.n.Shr.vana Kumar. Depar.ment of Chemistr. Sri Jagadguru Renukacharya College of ScienceArts&CommerceBengaluru 560009India Depar.ment of Chemistr. East West Institute of TechnologyBengaluru 560091India Depar.ment of Chemistr. Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for WomenBengaluru 560012India

In view of the cur.ent study’s demonstr.tion of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we pr.sent a low-cost method for.pr.ducing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was pr.duced utilizing citr.c acid as both a fuel and a complexing *** hexagonal unit cell str.ctur. of the cr.ated clay/ZnO may be seen using Xr. *** ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micr.gr.phs as homogenous,spher.-shaped *** possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegr.dation of malachite gr.en dye was *** 90%degr.dation r.te shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degr.dation *** r.sulting substance was electr.chemically analyzed using a constr.cted electr.de in 0.1 M KOH *** incr.ased its sensor.capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensor.,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetr.-based r.dox potential *** efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized nPs for.electr.chemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to cr.ate a solution combustion pr.cedur. for.the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using ur.a as fuel.

关键词： Clay Clay/ZnO Photocatalytic Electr.chemical sensor.