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Use of two-surfactants mixtures to attain specific HLB values for assisted TPH-diesel biodegradation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第6期16卷 950-956页

作者： Luis G. torres Neftalí Rojas Rosario Iturbe Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional Autó noma de México Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental Grupo Saneamiento de Suelos y Acuíferos Apartado Postal 70-472 Coyoacán 04510 México D.F. Mexico

In a surfactant assisted biodegradation process, the choice of surfactant(s) is of crucial importance. The question is: does the type of surfactant(i.e. chemical family) affect the biodegradation process at fixed hidrophillic-lypofillic balance(HLB) values? Microcosm assessments were developed using contaminated soil, with around of 5000 mg/kg of hydrocarbons as TPH-diesel. Mixtures of three nonionic surfactants were employed to get a wide range of specific HLB values. Tween20 and Span20 were mixed in the appropriate proportions to get HLB values between 8.6 and 16.7. Tween/Span60 mixtures reached HLB values between 4.7 and 14.9. Finally, Tween/Span80 combinations yielded HLB values between 4.3 and 15. TPH-diesel biodegradation was measured at the beginning, and after 8 weeks, as well as the FCU/gr soil, as a measure of microorganisms′ development during the biodegradation period. A second aim of this work was to assess the use of guar gum as a biodegradation enhancer instead of synthetic products. The conclusions of this work are that surfactant chemical family, and not only the HLB value clearly affects the assisted biodegradation rate. Surfactant's synergism was clearly observed. Regarding the use of guar gum, no biodegradation enhancement was observed for the three assessed concentrations, i.e., 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. On the contrary, TPH-diesel removal was lower as the gum concentration increased. It is quite possible that guar gum was used as a microbial substrate.

关键词： aged soils enhanced bioremediation HLB mixtures Tween Span surfactants

Impact of radiative cooling on the energy performance of courtyards in Mediterranean climate

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Building Simulation 2024年第9期17卷 1491-1513页

作者： Carlos-Antonio Domínguez-torres Antonio Domínguez-Delgado Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Universidad de SevillaAv.de Reina Mercedes241012 SevillaSpain Department of Applied Mathematics 1 Escuela Técnica Superior de ArquitecturaUniversidad de SevillaAv.de Reina Mercedes241012 SevillaSpain

Radiative cooling has proven to be a useful tool to address the problems of lack of comfort and excessive energy consumption in situations of high temperatures,overheating and heat ***,incorporating courtyards in warm climate zones has been found to be highly beneficial in addressing similar ***,there is interest in analyzing the combined effects of both:radiative cooling and *** paper presents an analysis of the impact of the application of radiative cooling on a courtyard using a comprehensive simulation approach that includes a CFD model for the thermodynamic airflow in the adjacent roofs and inside the courtyard,equations for the transient heat conduction through roofs,walls and courtyard slabs,and a hybrid raytracing-radiosity model for the evaluation of the solar radiation reaching the building surfaces and its reflections,both of specular and diffuse origin,and for the calculation of the thermal radiation exchange,especially with the *** results show that in the hot season,the courtyard with radiative cooling always provides lower temperatures than the initial courtyard does,with a temperature range of 18.33℃to 33.78℃,compared to a range of 19.32℃to 38.00℃in the initial courtyard,and producing a greater difference with outdoor temperatures that can reach 12℃versus 8℃for the reference *** addition,it was found that the courtyard with radiative cooling is able to significantly reduce the observed nighttime overheating by providing lower temperatures than the outdoor temperatures in the 50%of the nights *** was also found that the thermal loads to achieve indoor thermal comfort in the spaces adjacent to the courtyard were reduced by 63.46%to 69.85%.

关键词： radiative cooling passive cooling CFD three-dimensional modeling energy saving thermal comfort

Integrated nuclear techniques for sedimentation assessment in Latin American region

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 406-409页

作者： JoséLuis Peralta Vital Reinaldo honorio Gil Castillo Yanna Llerena Padrón Yusleidy Milagro Cordovi Miranda Naymi Labrada Arevalo Leroy Alonso Pino Environmental Impact Assessment Group Center of Radiation Protection and HygieneLa HabanaZip Code 10600Cuba

The paper shows the novel techniques introduction in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean in order to strengthen the surveillance and monitoring of the sedimentation phenomenon in the surface water *** integrated use of the nuclear techniques allows a more complete assessment of water and land *** the development of a regional project,supported by the International Agency of Atomic Energy,Cuba participates as technical leader for 15 countries,to encourage and implement the integrated application of 3 nuclear techniques(Fallout Radionuclides(137Cs,7Be,210pb),Compound Specific Stable Isotopes(fatty acids of the(e)13C)and the Isotopic Hydrology(18O,2H,3H).The methodology used in the last studies referred to RLA 5076 Project is to apply the integration of these three techniques allows evaluating,in the hydraulic facilities and surface water reservoirs,the negative sedimentation impacts in natural and anthropic process as environmental and social *** techniques evaluate the sedimentation process and its synergy,obtaining since the soil quantification in the landscape,definition the soil origin deposited until the dynamic characterization of the water body as soil *** integrated application of these nuclear techniques in the Project RLA-5076 confirms it as a useful tool to support the decisions makers in the definition of the national strategies and programs related to the land and the water resources *** the support of the IAEA projects in the Latin American and Caribbean region,has been evidenced an important increment in the use of these novel techniques.

关键词： Nuclear technique Sedimentation Water reservoir Soil Land Hydric resources

Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 74-86页

作者： Juan Pablo Sarmiento Ana María torres-Munoz Extreme Events Institute/Disaster Risk and Resilience in the Americas(DRRA) Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA

This study explores risk transfer options that precarious and marginal urban communities could use to protect themselves from future damages and losses generated by socio-natural hazards and disasters at the individual and community levels. The design is framed within an evidence-based disaster risk reduction(DRR) strategy and follows the case study research approach. We analyze the2018 Neighborhood Approach for DRR programming evaluation carried out in four Latin American cities’ informal settlements and review relevant risk transfer experiences aimed at vulnerable populations. We calculate the pure risk premium for the four cases selected, using a previous catastrophe risk assessment for earthquakes and landslides. We propose three risk transfer options based on our analysis:(1) voluntary collective insurance;(2) structural reinforcement with a comprehensive housing insurance;and(3) hybrid parametric insurance. Risk transfer mechanisms conventionally focus on residual risk management. Here, due to the precariousness of the analyzed urban settings, the proposed alternatives go beyond the management of just residual risk to positively impact the beneficiaries’ quality of life and the reduction of the built environment’s physical vulnerability in the short and medium terms. Our study proposes a prospective estimation of future risk despite the limitations of data availability. This study opens a window to new approaches and proposes a systematic process to design DRR policy aimed at the poor and vulnerable strata of society.

关键词： Case study research Catastrophe risk assessment Informal settlements Risk transfer Urban precariousness Urban risk

Investigation of low grade thermal energy storage systems with phase changing materials

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Energy and Built Environment 2021年第4期2卷 366-373页

作者： Law torres Sevilla Jovana Radulovic School of Mechanical and Design Engineering Anglesea BuildingAnglesea RoadPortsmouth PO13DJUnited Kingdom

The use of phase changing materials(PCMs)for energy storage has been in the focus of scientific research for a while,primarily focusing on building cooling/heating applications due to favourable melting temperature *** this paper we simulated the suitability of encapsulated Paraffin Wax on a small scale in a low temperature thermal energy storage system using COMSOL *** absorption and heating dynamics were analysed for different inlet designs and velocities,and the thermal gradient was evaluated across the tank geometry in a number of charging *** show that paraffin wax proves to be a good storage medium based on its fast charging and good latent heat *** study found that although an addition of a second inlet to the system yields higher final temperatures and improves the heat transfer rate,it does so minimally and therefore is not notably *** designs follow the same heating dynamics independently on the final ***,higher or lower velocities benefit the system based on the design.

关键词： thermal energy phase

Lights for epilepsy:can photobiomodulation reduce seizures and offer neuroprotection?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1423-1426页

作者： Napoleon torres-Martinez Stephan Chabardes John Mitrofanis University of Grenoble Alpes FDD and CEA-LETIClinatecGrenobleFrance

Epilepsy is synonymous with individuals suffering repeated“fits”or *** seizures are triggered by bursts of abnormal neuronal activity,across either the cerebral cortex and/or the *** addition,the seizure sites are characterized by considerable neuronal *** the factors that generate this abnormal activity and death are not entirely clear,recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central *** treatment options include drug therapy,which aims to suppress the abnormal neuronal activity,or surgical intervention,which involves the removal of the brain region generating the seizure ***,~30%of patients are unresponsive to the drugs,while the surgery option is invasive and has a morbidity ***,there is a need for the development of an effective non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment for this disorder,one that has few side *** this review,we consider the effectiveness of a potential new treatment for epilepsy,known as photobiomodulation,the use of red to near-infrared light on body *** studies in animal models have shown that photobiomodulation reduces seizure-like activity and improves neuronal ***,it has an excellent safety record,with little or no evidence of side effects,and it is *** all together,this treatment appears to be an ideal treatment option for patients suffering from epilepsy,which is certainly worthy of further consideration.

关键词： cell death gliosis inflammation infrared mitochondria non-pharmacological red seizure

Immediate–Early(IE) gene regulation of cytomegalovirus:IE1-and pp71-mediated viral strategies against cellular defenses

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第6期29卷 343-352页

作者： Lilith torres Qiyi Tang Department of Microbiology Ponce Health Sciences UniversityPonce Research InstitutePoncePR 00716USA

Three crucial hurdles hinder studies on human cytomegalovirus(HCMV): strict species specificity, differences between in vivo and in vitro infection, and the complexity of gene regulation. Ever since the sequencing of the whole genome was first accomplished, functional studies on individual genes have been the mainstream in the CMV field. Gene regulation has therefore been elucidated in a more detailed fashion. However, viral gene regulation is largely controlled by both cellular and viral components. In other words, viral gene expression is determined by the virus–host interaction. Generally, cells respond to viral infection in a defensive pattern; at the same time, viruses try to counteract the cellular defense or else hide in the host(latency). Viruses evolve effective strategies against cellular defense in order to achieve replicative success. Whether or not they are successful, cellular defenses remain in the whole viral replication cycle: entry, immediate–early(IE) gene expression, early gene expression, DNA replication, late gene expression, and viral egress. Many viral strategies against cellular defense, and which occur in the immediate–early time of viral infection, have been documented. In this review, we will summarize the documented biological functions of IE1 and pp71 proteins, especially with regard to how they counteract cellular intrinsic defenses.

关键词： cytomegalovirus(CMV) major immediate early promoter(MIEP) IE1 pp71 nuclear domain 10(ND10) intrinsic cellular defense enhancer virus-host interaction

Corrosion Behavior of Ψ and β Quasicrystalline Al–Cu–Fe Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第9期28卷 1117-1122页

作者： Alvaro torres Sergio Serna Cristobal Patio Gerardo Rosas Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería P.A. Ing.Mecnica UAEM Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa62210 Cuernavaca Mor. Mexico Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas UAEM Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa62210 Cuernavaca Mor. Mexico Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del CarmenCampus Ⅲ Avenida Central S/N Esq. con Fracc. MundoMaya C.P. 24115 Ciudad del Carmen Campeche Mexico Instituto de Investigaciones Metalurgicas UMSNH Edificio U. Ciudad Universitaria Morelia Mich. 58000 Mexico

Two nanostructured A1-Cu-Fe alloys, A164Cu24Fe12 and A162.5Cu25.2Fe12.3, have been studied. Icosahedral quasicrystalline （ψ） A164CH24FeI2 and crystalline cubic （ β） ***25.2Fe12.3 cylindrical ingots were first produced using normal casting techniques. High-energy mechanical milling was then conducted to obtain β icosahedral and β intermetallic nanostructured powders. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to investigate the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the powders in solutions with different pH values. Current density （icorr）, polarization resistance （Rp）, and impedance modulus （121） were determined. The results showed that regardless of pH value, increasing the solution temperature enhanced the corrosion resistance of the both phases. However, the electrochemical behavior of the phase indicated that its stability depends on the submerged exposure time in neutral and alkaline environments. This behavior was related to the type of corrosion products present on the surfaces of the particles along with the diffusion and charge-transfer mechanisms of the corrosion process.

关键词： Nano-quasicrystalline AI-Cu-Fe alloy Mechanical alloying Corrosion

Constrained Fractional Variational Problems of Variable Order

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2017年第1期4卷 80-88页

作者： Dina Tavares Ricardo Almeida Delfim F.M.torres Department of Mathematics Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Department of Mathematics University of Aveiro

Isoperimetric problems consist in minimizing or maximizing a cost functional subject to an integral *** this work, we present two fractional isoperimetric problems where the Lagrangian depends on a combined Caputo derivative of variable fractional order and we present a new variational problem subject to a holonomic constraint. We establish necessary optimality conditions in order to determine the minimizers of the fractional problems. The terminal point in the cost integral,as well as the terminal state, are considered to be free, and we obtain corresponding natural boundary conditions.

关键词： Fractional calculus fractional calculus of variations holonomic constraints isoperimetric constraints optimization variable fractional order