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Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling and variable nutrient environments

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1231-1244页

作者： Guoxia Zhang Yongqiang Liu Qingjun Xie hongning tong Chengcai Chu Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

Brassinosteroid(BR)represents a group of steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as environmental adaptation.The fluctuation of external nutrient elements is a situation that plants frequently face in the natural environment,in which nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are two of the most critical nutrients restraint of the early growth of plants.As the macronutrients,N and P are highly required by plants,but their availability or solubility in the soil is relatively low.Since iron(Fe)and P always modulate each other’s content and function in plants mutually antagonistically,the regulatory mechanisms of Fe and P are inextricably linked.Recently,BR has emerged as a critical regulator in nutrient acquisition and phenotypic plasticity in response to the variable nutrient levels in Arabidopsis and rice.Here,we review the current understanding of the crosstalk between BR and the three major nutrients(N,P,and Fe),highlighting how nutrient signaling regulates BR synthesis and signaling to accommodate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis and rice.

关键词： brassinosteroid nitrogen phosphorus iron signaling foraging

POLLEN STERILITY,a novel suppressor of cell division,is required for timely tapetal programmed cell death in rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 1235-1247页

作者： Ronghui Che Bin Hu Wei Wang Yunhua Xiao Dapu Liu Wenchao Yin hongning tong Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Biological and Science Technology University of JinanJinan 250022China College of Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China

Timely programmed cell death(PCD) of the tapetum supplying nutrients to microspores is a prerequisite for normal pollen development.Here we identified a unique mutant of rice(Oryza sativa L.),pollen sterility(post),which showed aborted pollens accompanied with extra-large husks.Due to failure of timely PCD of tapetal cells,post exhibited abnormal pollen wall patterning and defective pollen grains.By map-based cloning,we identified a causal gene,POST,encoding a novel protein which is ubiquitously localized in cells.RNA in situ hybridization showed that POST is highly detected in the tapetum and microspores at stages 8 and 9.Transcriptome analysis indicated that POST could function as an important regulator of the metabolic process involved in tapetal PCD.Compared with wild-type rice,post mutant has an increased cell number resulting from elevated expression of cell cycle associated genes in grain husks.Overexpression of POST inhibits grain size in wild type,while appropriate expression of POST in post mutant can recover the seed fertility but has little effect on the large grains,illustrating that fine-tuning of POST expression could be a potential strategy for rice yield improvement.The connection between cell division and cell death conferred by POST provides novel insights into the understanding of the tapetal PCD process.

关键词： programmed cell death tapetum pollen sterility grain size rice

Brassinosteroid Signaling and Application in Rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第1期39卷 3-9页

作者： hongning tong Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Combined approaches with genetics, biochemistry, and proteomics studies have greatly advanced our understanding of brassinosteroid （BR） signaling in Arabidopsis. However, in rice, a model plant of monocot and as well an important crop plant, BR signaling is not as well characterized as in Arabidopsis. Recent studies by forward and reverse genetics have identified a number of either conserved or specific components of rice BR signaling pathway, bringing new ideas into BR signaling regulation mechanisms. Genetic manipulation of BR level or BR sensitivity to improve rice yield has established the great significance of BR research achievements.

关键词： Brassinosteroid BR signaling Rice Yield

A cryptic inhibitor of cytokinin phosphorelay controls rice grain size

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Molecular Plant 2022年第2期15卷 293-307页

作者： Dapu Liu He Zhao Yunhua Xiao Guoxia Zhang Shouyun Cao Wenchao Yin Yangwen Qian Yanhai Yin Jinsong Zhang Shouyi Chen Chengcai Chu hongning tong National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Biogle Genome Editing Center ChangzhouJiangsu Province 213125China Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Plant hormone cytokinin signals through histidine-aspartic acid(H-D)phosphorelay to regulate plant growth and development.While it is well known that the phosphorelay involves histidine kinases,histidine phosphotransfer proteins(HPs),and response regulators(RRs),how this process is regulated by external components remains unknown.Here we demonstrate that protein phosphatase with kelch-like domains(PPKL1),known as a signaling component of steroid hormone brassinosteroid,is actually a cryptic inhibitor of cytokinin phosphorelay in rice(Oryza sativa).Mutation at a specific amino acid D364 of PPKL1 activates cytokinin response and thus enlarges grain size in a semi-dominant mutant named s48.Overexpression of PPKL1 containing D364,either with the deletion of the phosphatase domain or not,rescues the s48 mutant phenotype.PPKL1 interacts with OsAHP2,one of authentic HPs,and D364 resides in a region resembling the receiver domain of RRs.Accordingly,PPKL1 can utilize D364 to suppress OsAHP2-to-RR phosphorelay,whereas mutation of D364 abolishes the effect.This function of PPKL1 is independent of the phosphatase domain that is required for brassinosteroid signaling.Importantly,editing of the D364-residential region produces a diversity of semi-dominant mutations associated with variously increased grain sizes.Further screening of the edited plants enables the identification of two genotypes that confer significantly improved grain yield.Collectively,our study uncovers a noncanonical cytokinin signaling suppressor and provides a robust tool for seed rational design.

关键词： cytokinin brassinosteroid grain size signaling PPKL1 rice

The divergence of brassinosteroid sensitivity between rice subspecies involves natural variation conferring altered internal auto-binding of OsBSK2

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第8期64卷 1614-1630页

作者： Wenchao Yin Lulu Li Zhikun Yu Fan Zhang Dapu Liu Hongkai Wu Mei Niu Wenjing Meng Xiaoxing Zhang Nana Dong Yanzhao Yang Jihong Liu Yongqiang Liu Guoxia Zhang Jianlong Xu Shimei Wang Chengcai Chu Qian Qian hongning tong National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hefei 230001China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Japonica/geng and indica/xian are two major rice(Oryza sativa)subspecies with multiple divergent traits,but how these traits are related and interact within each subspecies remains elusive.Brassinosteroids(BRs)are a class of steroid phytohormones that modulate many important agronomic traits in rice.Here,using different physiological assays,we revealed that japonica rice exhibits an overall lower BR sensitivity than indica.Extensive screening of BR signaling genes led to the identification of a set of genes distributed throughout the primary BR signaling pathway with divergent polymorphisms.Among these,we demonstrate that the C38/T variant in BR Signaling Kinase2(OsBSK2),causing the amino acid change P13L,plays a central role in mediating differential BR signaling in japonica and indica rice.OsBSK2in indica plays a greater role in BR signaling than OsB SK2in japonica by affecting the auto-binding and protein accumulation of OsBSK2.Finally,we determined that OsBSK2 is involved in a number of divergent traits in japonica relative to indica rice,including grain shape,tiller number,cold adaptation,and nitrogen-use efficiency.Our study suggests that the natural variation in OsB SK2 plays a key role in the divergence of BR signaling,which underlies multiple divergent traits between japonica and indica.

关键词： brassinosteroid divergence grain shape natural variation rice

Big Grain3, encoding a purine permease, regulates grain size via modulating cytokinin transport in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第5期61卷 581-597页

作者： Yunhua Xiao Dapu Liu Guoxia Zhang Shaopei Gao Linchuan Liu Fan Xu Ronghui Che Yiqin Wang hongning tong Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Sciencesthe Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Grain size is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield,but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated.Here,we isolated a dominant mutant,big grainy(bg3-D),which exhibits a remarkable increase of grain size caused by activation of the PURINE PERMEASE gene,OsPUP4.BC3/OSPUP4 is predominantly expressed in vascular tissues and is specifically suppressed by exogenous cytokinin application.Hormone profiling revealed that the distribution of different cytokinin forms,in roots and shoots of the bg3-D mutant,is altered.Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis indicated that expression of rice cytokinin type-A RESPONSE REGULATOR(OsRR)genes is enhanced in the roots of the bgj-D mutant.These results suggest that OSPUP4 might contribute to the long-distance transport of cytokinin,by reinforcing cytokinin loading into vascular bundle cells.Furthermore,plants overexpressing OsPUP7,the closest homolog of OsPUP4,also exhibited a similar phenotype to the bg3-D mutant.Interestingly,subcellular localization demonstrated that OSPUP4 was localized on the plasma membrane,whereas OSPUP7 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.Based on these findings,we propose that OSPUP4 and OSPUP7 function in a linear pathway to direct cytokinin cell-to-cell transport,affecting both its long-distance movement and local allocation.

关键词： Grain size is an important underlying molecular local allocation

Brassinosteroid-regulated plant growth and development and gene expression in soybean

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The Crop Journal 2019年第3期7卷 411-418页

作者： Wenchao Yin Nana Dong Mei Niu Xiaoxing Zhang Lulu Li Jun Liu Bin Liu hongning tong National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Brassinosteroids(BRs) are endogenous phytohormones that play important roles in regulating plant growth and development.In this study, we evaluated the effects of brassinolide(BL, one of the active BRs) on soybean and identified roles of the hormone in regulating multiple aspects of plant growth and development.BL application promoted hypocotyl and epicotyl elongation in the light but blocked epicotyl elongation in the dark.High levels of castasterone and BL accumulated in light-grown plants.BL disrupted shoot negative gravitropism, whereas gibberellin did not.BL delayed leaf senescence.Transcriptome analysis showed that BL induced cell wall-modifying genes and auxin-associated genes but suppressed a class of WRKY genes involved in senescence and stress responses,showing the complex roles of BRs in multiple biological processes.

关键词： Soybean Brassinosteroid Senescence Gravitropism WRKY

人参皂苷生物合成相关的尿苷二磷酸依赖的糖基转移酶研究进展

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中草药 2024年第9期55卷 3202-3216页

作者：童婧杨德盈张倩李志新董子舒刘红宁黄佳江西中医药大学高等研究院中医基础理论分化发展研究中心江西省中医病因生物学重点实验室江西南昌330004 广东医科大学附属医院广东湛江524001

人参皂苷是一类具有丰富药理活性的重要天然产物,常见的类型包括达玛烷型(protopanaxadiol type,PPD-type/protopanaxatriol type,PPT-type)、齐墩果烷型(oleanane type,OA-type)和奥克悌隆型(ocotillol type,OCT-type),可广泛应用于医药、农业和工业生产等领域。尿苷二磷酸(Uridine diphosphate,UDP)依赖的糖基转移酶(UDP-glycosyltransferases,UGTs)是催化人参皂苷生成的关键酶,对人参皂苷结构的形成及药理作用的发挥具有重要意义。综述了人参皂苷的分布、结构多样性和生物合成途径,并基于几种常见人参皂苷类型重点阐述了与糖基化反应相关的UGTs,以期为人参皂苷生物合成相关研究提供参考。

关键词：糖基化糖基转移酶人参皂苷天然产物达玛烷型齐墩果烷型生物合成

The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 107-118页

作者： Dapu Liu Xiaoxing Zhang Qingliang Li Yunhua Xiao Guoxia Zhang Wenchao Yin Mei Niu Wenjing Meng Nana Dong Jihong Liu Yanzhao Yang Qi Xie Chengcai Chu hongning tong National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Nanfan Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

Brassinosteroids(BRs)are a class of steroid hormones with great potential for use in crop improvement.De-repression is usually one of the key events in hormone signaling.However,how the stability of GSK2,the central negative regulator of BR signaling in rice(Oryza sativa),is regulated by BRs remains elusive.Here,we identify the U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 as a GSK2-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening.We show that TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein.Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2.Consistent with this finding,GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type.In addition,inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability.By contrast,BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation.Furthermore,the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR.In conclusion,our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation,thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice.

关键词： brassinosteroid TUD1 GSK2 signal transduction ubiquitination