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Long distance all-optical logic operations through a single multimode fiber empowered by wavefront shaping

Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 587-597页

作者： ZHIPENG YU TIANTING zhong HUANHAO LI HAORAN LI CHI MAN WOO SHENGFU CHENG SHUMING JIAO honglin LIU CHAO LU PUXIANG LAI Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina Photonics Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina

Multimode fibers(MMFs)are a promising solution for high-throughput signal transmission in the time domain.However,crosstalk among different optical modes within the MMF scrambles input information and creates seemingly random speckle patterns at the output.To characterize this process,a transmission matrix(TM)can be used to relate input and output fields.Recent innovations use TMs to manipulate the output field by shaping the input wavefront for exciting advances in deep-brain imaging,neuron stimulation,quantum networks,and analog operators.However,these approaches consider input/output segments as independent,limiting their use for separate signal processing,such as logic operations.Our proposed method,which makes input/output segments as interdependent,adjusts the phase of corresponding output fields using phase bias maps superimposed on input segments.Coherent superposition enables signal logic operations through a 15-m-long MMF.In experiments,a single optical logic gate containing three basic logic functions and cascading multiple logic gates to handle binary operands is demonstrated.Bitwise operations are performed for multi-bit logic operations,and multiple optical logic gates are reconstructed simultaneously in a single logic gate with polarization multiplexing.The proposed method may open new avenues for long-range logic signal processing and transmission via MMFs.

关键词： optical polarization fiber

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Carbon Emission Risk and Governance

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 249-260页

作者： Lu Jiang Xiaokang Hu Gangfeng Zhang Yanqiang Chen honglin zhong Peijun Shi Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability People’s Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal UniversityXining 810016China State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Blue and Green Development Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary ResearchShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China

Within the hazard and disaster risk research field, explicitly treating carbon emissions as a hazard remains rather nascent. Applying hazard and disaster risk research perspectives to seek new insights on integrated mitigation and adaptation approaches and policy measures is equally elusive. Since China’s pledge to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, the ‘‘dual carbon” goals of carbon emission peaking and neutrality have stimulated nationwide attention, research, and policies and action plans.How to ensure that the transition pathways are on track and well-contextualized is one of the crucial challenges for policymakers and practitioners. This article examines the‘‘risks” of missing the carbon neutrality goal at a regional scale in China, denoted as Carbon Emission Risk(CER).Carbon emissions(CE) as hazard, combined with the human socioeconomic system as exposure and human living environment, constitute the regional carbon emission environmental risk system. The ‘‘risks” of missing(or achieving) the carbon neutrality target for any region at any time, the article argues, is essentially determined by the ratio of CE to carbon absorption(CA, for uptake and removal). These variables are modified by a broadly defined ‘‘vulnerability coefficient”(Cv) that embodies both the potential for changes(decreasing CE and increasing CA), and the uncertainties of measuring CE and CA. Thus,the ratio of CE to CA is a measure of reality at any moment of time, whereas Cv indicates the overall propensity or capacity for moving the CE/CA ratio towards 1, that is,realizing carbon neutrality. Based on our calculation, CER at the provincial level in eastern China is higher than in western China. The article also calls for strengthening CER research and summarizes key measures for carbon emission risk governance.

关键词： Carbon emission risks Carbon neutrality Low-carbon economy Risk governance Vulnerability coefficient

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Multi-omics analysis of attenuated variant reveals potential evaluation marker of host damaging for SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 83-95页

作者： Guangshan Xie Lin Zhu Siwen Liu Cun Li Xin Diao Yanhao Zhang Xiuli Su Yuanyuan Song Guodong Cao Li zhong Pui Wang Xiaojuan Liu Bobo Wing-Yee Mok Shusheng Zhang Dong-Yan Jin Jie Zhou honglin Chen Zongwei Cai State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen 518000China

SARS-CoV-2 continues to threaten human society by generating novel variants via mutation and recombination.The high number of mutations that appeared in emerging variants not only enhanced their immune-escaping ability but also made it difficult to predict the pathogenicity and virulence based on viral nucleotide sequences.Molecular markers for evaluating the pathogenicity of new variants are therefore needed.By comparing host responses to wild-type and variants with attenuated pathogenicity at proteome and metabolome levels,six key molecules on the polyamine biosynthesis pathway including putrescine,SAM,dc-SAM,ODC1,SAMS,and SAMDC were found to be differentially upregulated and associated with pathogenicity of variants.To validate our discovery,human airway organoids were subsequently used which recapitulates SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelial cells of COVID-19 patients.Using ODC1 as a proof-ofconcept,differential activation of polyamine biosynthesis was found to be modulated by the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)and positively associated with ACE2 activity.Further experiments demonstrated that ODC1 expression could be differentially activated upon a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs)and was found to be correlated with each VOCs’pathogenic properties.Particularly,the presented study revealed the discriminative ability of key molecules on polyamine biosynthesis as a predictive marker for virulence evaluation and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell or organoid models.Our work,therefore,presented a practical strategy that could be potentially applied as an evaluation tool for the pathogenicity of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 multi-omics attenuated variant predictive pathogenic marker polyamine biosynthesis

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Agro-climatic adaptation of cropping systems under climate change in Shanghai

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第3期9卷 487-496页

作者： Zhuoran LIANG Tingting GU Zhan TIAN honglin zhong Yuqi LIANG Hangzhou Meteorological Service Hangzhou 310051 China Shanghai Climate Center Shanghai Meteorological Service Shanghai 200030 China Zhejiang Meteorological Service Center Hangzhou 310017 China Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Physics and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China

Climate change affects the heat and water resources required by agriculture, thus shifting cropping rotation and intensity. Shanghai is located in the Taihu Lake basin, a transition zone for various cropping systems. In the basin, moderate climate changes can cause major shifts in cropping intensity and rotation. In the present study, we integrated observational climate data, one regional climate model, land use maps, and agricultural statistics to analyze the relationship between heat resources and multi-cropping potential in Shanghai. The results of agro-climatic assessment showed that climate change over the past 50 years has significantly enhanced regional agro- climatic resources, rendering a shift from double cropping to triple cropping possible. However, a downward trend is evident in the actual multi-cropping index, caused principally by the increasing costs of farming and limitations in the supply of labor. We argue that improving the utilization rate of the enhanced agro-climatic resources is possible by introducing new combinations of cultivars, adopting more laborsaving technologies, and providing incentives to farmers.

关键词： climate change cropping systems multicropping index double rice Cold Dew wind

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Estimating potential yield of wheat production in China based on cross-scale data-model fusion

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第4期6卷 364-372页

作者： Zhan TIAN honglin zhong Runhe SHI Laixiang SUN Gunther FISCHER Zhuoran LIANG Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Shanghai Climate Center Shanghai Meteorological Bureau Shanghai 200030 China International Institute for Applied System Analysis Laxenburg 2361 Austria

The response of the agro-ecological system to the environment includes the response of individual crop＇s physiologic process and the adaption of the crop commu- nity to the environment. Observation and simulation at the single scale level cannot fully explain the above process. It is necessary to develop cross-scale agro-ecological models and study the interaction of agro-ecological processes across different scales. In this research, two typical agro- ecological models, the Decision Support System for Agro- technology Transfer （DSSAT） model and the Agro- ecological Zone （AEZ） model, are employed, and a framework for effective cross-scale data-model fusion is proposed and illustrated. The national observed data from 36 different agricultural observation stations and historical weather stations （1962-1999） are employed to estimate average crop productivity. Comparison of the two models＇ estimations are consistent, which would indicate the possibility ofcross-scale crop model fusion.

关键词： DSSAT model AEZ model data-model fusion agro-ecological system

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基于体外仿生消化法构建不同来源玉米、高粱原料的鸡有效能预测模型

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动物营养学报 2024年第5期36卷 3296-3305页

作者：白国松李凯严鸿林周建川马腾钟儒清陈亮中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室北京100193 西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院绵阳621010 铁骑力士食品有限责任公司绵阳621010

本试验旨在以不同来源的玉米、高粱原料为试验材料,利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS)测定玉米和高粱原料的酶水解物能值(EHGE),并结合前期研究测定的鸡表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME),建立基于EHGE的AME及TME预测模型。本试验采用单因素... 详细信息

本试验旨在以不同来源的玉米、高粱原料为试验材料,利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS)测定玉米和高粱原料的酶水解物能值(EHGE),并结合前期研究测定的鸡表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME),建立基于EHGE的AME及TME预测模型。本试验采用单因素完全随机设计,利用SDS分别测定5种不同来源的玉米原料和5种不同来源的高粱原料的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、体外总能消化率(IVGED)及EHGE。本试验参照的鸡AME和TME值为前期使用同批次原料,以健康体成熟的海兰褐公鸡通过自由采食法结合全收粪法测定所得。结果表明:1)不同来源玉米的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中2号玉米的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE分别为75.12%、80.89%和15.19 MJ/kg DM,显著高于1号玉米(P<0.05)。2)不同来源高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中5号高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE最高,分别为79.28%、85.15%和15.73 MJ/kg DM,而2号高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE最低,分别为55.93%、58.28%和10.72 MJ/kg DM。3)高粱的EHGE与AME和TME之间存在显著的正相关(P<0.05),玉米的EHGE与AME和TME之间的相关系数均为0.80。4)基于EHGE建立的玉米和高粱AME预测模型分别为:AME=7.62+0.57×EHGE[R^(2)=0.64,相对标准偏差(RSD)=0.11,P=0.11]、AME=10.03+0.31×EHGE(R^(2)=0.80,RSD=0.38,P=0.04);基于EHGE建立的玉米和高粱的TME预测模型分别为:TME=7.58+0.58×EHGE(R^(2)=0.64,RSD=0.11,P=0.10)、TME=9.98+0.33×EHGE(R2=0.89,RSD=0.28,P=0.02)。由此可见,不同来源的玉米和高粱的EHGE差异明显,在本试验条件下高粱原料的EHGE与AME和TME之间存在较强的相关关系,使用SDS对高粱原料的AME和TME有更好的预测性。

关键词：仿生消化法玉米高粱有效能鸡

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崩岗土壤液塑限的离子特异性效应

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森林与环境学报 2024年第4期44卷 387-394页

作者：黄碧妃钟洪林张越蒋芳市林金石黄炎和福建警察学院刑事科学技术系福建福州350007 福建农林大学金山水土保持科教园福建福州350002

为探究崩岗土壤液塑限的离子特异性效应,选取福建省长汀县河田镇一处稳定型崩岗的3个土层土壤(红土层、砂土层和碎屑层)为研究对象,用液塑限联合测定仪对不同离子(Li^(+)、Na^(+)和K^(+))盐溶液交换处理后的土壤液塑限进行分析。结果表... 详细信息

为探究崩岗土壤液塑限的离子特异性效应,选取福建省长汀县河田镇一处稳定型崩岗的3个土层土壤(红土层、砂土层和碎屑层)为研究对象,用液塑限联合测定仪对不同离子(Li^(+)、Na^(+)和K^(+))盐溶液交换处理后的土壤液塑限进行分析。结果表明,红土层的土壤塑限、液限和塑性指数均显著高于砂土层和碎屑层(P<0.05)。土壤塑限和液限均与土壤黏粒含量、有机质含量、阳离子交换量以及高岭石含量呈正相关关系,其中,土壤塑限与黏粒含量和阳离子交换量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。K^(+)交换处理后,红土层土壤塑限、液限和塑性指数比Li^(+)交换处理分别高5.80%、9.53%和12.99%,比Na^(+)交换处理分别高3.50%、9.77%和15.86%;K^(+)交换处理后,砂土层土壤塑限、液限和塑性指数比Li^(+)交换处理分别高7.22%、6.69%和6.83%,比Na^(+)交换处理分别高4.33%、5.27%和7.32%;而不同离子对碎屑层土壤液塑限的影响不显著。不同离子对同一土层土壤液塑限的影响不同,K^(+)交换处理后红土层、砂土层的土壤液塑限总体高于Li^(+)和Na^(+)交换处理,即较Li^(+)和Na^(+)而言,K^(+)可提高崩岗土壤液塑限。

关键词：崩岗离子特异性效应液限塑限塑性指数锂离子钠离子钾离子

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The Trade‑Offs in the Design of Reversible Zinc Anodes for Secondary Alkaline Batteries

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2022年第1期5卷 187-210页

作者： honglin Luo Bin Liu Zhiwei Yang Yizao Wan Cheng zhong Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013JiangxiChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Zinc-based batteries have long occupied the largest share of the primary battery market,but this advantage has not continued in the secondary battery market.This is mainly because the cycling performance of secondary zinc-based batteries is significantly limited by the poor reversibility of zinc electrodes,including the formation of zinc dendrites,electrode deformation,corrosion,and hydrogen evolution.To solve the above problems,researchers have developed many novel strategies,such as surface coating,use of electrode additives,use of electrolyte additives,and electrode structure design.However,the implementation of these strategies inevitably requires consideration of trade-offs because the core factors that limit the reversibility of zinc electrodes are not isolated but intertwined.Therefore,fully understanding the trade-offs in the zinc electrode design process is necessary to fundamentally improve the cycling performance of the zinc electrode and construct a practical secondary zinc-based battery.This perspective gives an introduction to various problems that limit the cycling of zinc electrodes and discusses the theoretical causes of these problems.The trade-offs in various typical strategies are systematically analyzed,and their positive and negative effects on performance are discussed.This work aims to provide insights for the development of highly reversible zinc anodes for practical secondary zinc-based batteries.

关键词： Aqueous batteries Zinc anode Zinc-based batteries Trade-off

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海南荔枝养分投入限量标准及减量潜力分析

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热带作物学报 2024年第2期45卷 304-314页

作者：吴小巧朱镕钟于秀王鸿霖李伟芳洪秀杨李菊阮云泽李婷玉海南大学三亚南繁研究院海南三亚572000 海南大学热带作物学院海南海口570228 唐河县中等职业学校河南南阳473400

海南是我国荔枝最南端的生产区,但生产中养分过量投入和土壤退化的问题较为严重,缺乏合理的养分投入标准。本研究根据作物产量水平及当下优化管理获得氮素盈余关键阈值,解析不同类型农户养分管理水平的差异以及对土壤肥力的影响。通过... 详细信息

海南是我国荔枝最南端的生产区,但生产中养分过量投入和土壤退化的问题较为严重,缺乏合理的养分投入标准。本研究根据作物产量水平及当下优化管理获得氮素盈余关键阈值,解析不同类型农户养分管理水平的差异以及对土壤肥力的影响。通过对海南主产区荔枝产量、养分管理和土壤肥力现状进行剖析,基于养分平衡原理,通过定量作物养分需求规律及优化条件下的合理氮素盈余水平,明确荔枝养分用量上限,提出海南荔枝氮、磷、钾养分投入减量目标,对不同经营规模的农户养分收支平衡和土壤肥力差异开展评价。结果表明:(1)不同产量水平下荔枝氮、磷、钾用量上限分别为200、100、260 kg/hm^(2)(产量<10 t/hm^(2));273、136、355 kg/hm^(2)(产量为10~20 t/hm^(2));439、220、571 kg/hm^(2)(产量为20~42 t/hm^(2))。农户施肥过量投入现象较为突出,且随着经营规模的增加,养分过量投入加剧。小农户、中等经营主体、规模化经营主体氮素投入分别高于氮肥投入上限的60%、97%、131%;磷素投入量分别高于磷肥投入上限的204%、236%、258%;钾素投入量分别高于钾肥投入上限的70%、101%、119%。同时海南荔枝氮、磷、钾养分投入均显著高于全国荔枝施肥平均水平的70.8%、189.9%、123.4%。(2)海南荔枝园氮、磷、钾养分盈余分别为365、377、542 kg/hm^(2),养分利用效率(NUE)分别为34%、21%、27%,大量磷素在土壤中固定或损失。不同类型农户养分管理存在较大差异,只有1.2%的小农户处于高氮产出和低氮盈余区间,而中高经营主体均处于高氮素盈余水平区间。(3)荔枝果园土壤磷素过量积累和土壤酸化问题突出,46%的果园土壤全磷含量超过0.96 g/kg,处于较丰富水平。94%的果园为酸性土(pH4.5~5.5),77%的果园土壤质量指数(IFI)综合评级较低。针对目前海南荔枝养分投入不合理及土壤退化问题,应尽快采取和推广肥料定额制度,同时提高有机肥和化肥利用效率,推动荔枝产业的绿色发展。

关键词：荔枝养分投入养分平衡化肥减量

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Multi-valent mRNA vaccines against monkeypox enveloped or mature viron surface antigens demonstrate robust immune response and neutralizing activity

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中国科学:生命科学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2329-2341页

作者： Niubing Zhang Xiang Cheng Yilong Zhu Ouyang Mo Huiqing Yu Liqi Zhu Juan Zhang Linlin Kuang Ying Gao Ruiyuan Cao Xiaozhen Liang Haikun Wang honglin Li Song Li Wu zhong Xuan Li Xiao Li Pei Hao Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130122China Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing 100850China Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun 130117China East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237China Lingang Laboratory Shanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV)belongs to a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses,Orthopoxviridae,that also includes vaccinia virus(VACV)and others.MPV produces two distinct forms of viral particles during its replication cycles:the enveloped viron(EV)that is released via exocytosis,and the mature viron(MV)that is discharged through lysis of host cells.This study was designed to develop multi-valent m RNA vaccines against monkeypox EV and MV surface proteins,and examine their efficacy and mechanism of action.Four m RNA vaccines were produced with different combinations of surface proteins from EV(A35R and B6R),MV(A29L,E8L,H3L and M1R),or EV and MV,and were administered in Balb/c mice to assess their immunogenicity potentials.A dynamic immune response was observed as soon as seven days after initial immunization,while a strong Ig G response to all immunogens was detected with ELISA after two vaccinations.The higher number of immunogens contributed to a more robust total Ig G response and correlating neutralizing activity against VACV,indicating the additive potential of each immunogen in generating immune response and nullifying VACV infection.Further,the m RNA vaccines elicited an antigen-specific CD4^(+)T cell response that is biased towards Th1.The m RNA vaccines with different combinations of EVand MV surface antigens protected a mouse model from a lethal dose VACV challenge,with the EV and MV antigens-combined vaccine offering the strongest protection.These findings provide insight into the protective mechanism of multi-valent m RNAvaccines against MPV,and also the foundation for further development of effective and safe m RNA vaccines for enhanced protection against monkeypox virus outbreak.

关键词： monkeypox virus enveloped and mature viron multi-valent mRNA vaccines immune response neutralizing antibody

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