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绿肥提高农田土壤有机碳固存机制的研究进展

植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第6期30卷 1185-1198页

作者：王国璀胡发龙李含婷殷文樊志龙范虹柴强曹卫东甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室北京100081

土壤碳固存在缓解全球气候变化、维持农田生态系统生产力中起着十分重要的作用。农田土壤碳固存的决定因子包括气候因子(温度、降雨)、生物因素(微生物活性、酶活性)和非生物因素(土壤理化性质、团聚体组成及含量等),农田生态系统通过... 详细信息

土壤碳固存在缓解全球气候变化、维持农田生态系统生产力中起着十分重要的作用。农田土壤碳固存的决定因子包括气候因子(温度、降雨)、生物因素(微生物活性、酶活性)和非生物因素(土壤理化性质、团聚体组成及含量等),农田生态系统通过增加碳输入、减少碳输出和增加碳在土壤中持留时间三种途径强化土壤碳的固存。绿肥具有固定土壤碳、氮和调节土壤微生物群落结构等多重功能,将绿肥纳入作物生产中可通过减少有机碳矿化、增加土壤有机碳来源、调控土壤团聚化过程、促进微生物量及残体累积、改善微生物群落组成及代谢活性等多种方式协同提升土壤碳的固存,其作用可归纳为团聚体物理保护的物理固定机制、矿物化学结合的化学固定机制和微生物固定机制。目前采用的强化绿肥提升农田土壤碳固存的关键技术包括:1)选用适宜的绿肥品种;2)构建与区域土壤和气候资源相匹配的“主作物+绿肥”种植模式;3)配套绿肥与其他肥源协同增效的养分管理技术;4)优化耕作措施等。但还需进一步深入开展以下几方面的研究,包括:1)明确不同类型绿肥介导下的农田土壤碳固存机制的差异;2)强化高效固碳绿肥种质资源的选育;3)建立强化绿肥固存土壤碳的长效研究体系;4)构建基于绿肥的土壤有机碳管理框架。

关键词：绿肥有机碳固存碳固存机制影响因素强化固碳措施

In vitro corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance of noveltin dioxide-doped calcium phosphate coating on degradable Mg-1li-1Ca alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 254-265页

作者： Lan-Yue cui guang-Bin wei Zhuang-Zhuang han rong-Chang Zeng Lei Wang Yu-hong Zou Shuo-Qi li Dao-Kui Xu Shao-Kang Guan College of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University

A SnO_2-doped calcium phosphate(Ca-P-Sn) coating was constructed on Mg-1 li-1 Ca alloy by a hydrothermal process. The fabricated functional coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). A triple-layered structure, which is composed of Ca_3(PO_4)_2,(Ca, Mg)_3(PO_4)_2, SnO_2, and MgHPO_4·3 H_2O, is evident and leads to the formation of Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2 in hank's solution. Electrochemical measurements, hydrogen evolution tests and plating counts reveal that the corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity were improved through the coating treatment. The embedded SnO_2 nanoparticles enhanced crystallisation of the *** formation and degradation mechanisms of the coating were discussed.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Coatings Corrosion Biomedical materials

Achievements and challenges of primate conservation in China

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 66-74页

作者： Bao-Guo li He Zhang Ming li Xue-Long Jiang Peng-Fei Fan Jiang Zhou Song-Tao Guo Xiao-guang Qi Jin-hua li Ji-Qi Lu Dong-Po Xia liang-wei cui Zuo-Fu Xiang Qi-Hai Zhou Zhi-Pang huang Cheng-Ming huang Wen Xiao hui-Jian hu Zhi-Xin Zhou Ming-Yong Chen Da-Yong li Peng-Lai Fan Yin yang Ru-liang Pan Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330045China Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School of life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China School of Karst Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025China International Collaborative Research Center for huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601China Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China College of life Sciences and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunan 410004China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education) Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi 541004China International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Institute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510663China School of life Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650500China Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637001China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650500China School of human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity *** is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern *** response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and *** efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate *** the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in *** improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small *** such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(***)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small *** scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the ***,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(***),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(***),and capped langur(***),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management ***,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conse

关键词： Primates Biodiversity Habitat fragmentation Habitat restoration Conservation strategies

E8,E 10-12∶OH对梨小食心虫性诱剂的增效作用及其与信息素结合蛋白和普通气味结合蛋白的结合机制

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昆虫学报 2024年第7期67卷 909-922页

作者：李春沁刘彦飞胡梓寒陈秀琳李伯辽罗坤李广伟陕西省红枣重点实验室(延安大学) 延安716000 延安大学生命科学学院延安716000 榆林市榆阳区孟家湾区域农业技术推广站榆林719000

【目的】(反,反)-8,10-十二碳二烯-1-醇[(8 E,10E)-dodecadien-1-ol,E8,E 10-12∶OH]是苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella的主要性信息素成分,对梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta性诱剂具有引诱增效作用。本研究旨在测定E8,E 10-12∶OH对梨小食心虫性诱剂的增效能力,确定主要结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的信息素结合蛋白(pheromone binding proteins,PBPs)和普通气味结合蛋白(general odorant binding proteins,GOBPs)。【方法】利用触角电位(electroantennogram,EAG)仪测定梨小食心虫雄成虫对0.002,0.02,0.2,2,20,200和2000μg E8,E 10-12∶OH激发的EAG反应;利用田间诱集试验测定E8,E 10-12∶OH对梨小食心虫性诱剂的增效能力;利用荧光竞争结合实验测定梨小食心虫信息素结合蛋白GmolPBP1,GmolPBP2和GmolPBP3及普通气味结合蛋白GmolGOBP1,GmolGOBP2和GmolGOBP3与E8,E 10-12∶OH的抑制常数K i;利用分子动力学模拟的方法预测GmolGOBP2结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的关键氨基酸;利用定点突变和荧光竞争结合实验验证GmolGOBP2结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的关键氨基酸残基及弱相互作用力。【结果】梨小食心虫雄成虫对E8,E 10-12∶OH表现出EAG反应,雄成虫对2000μg E8,E 10-12∶OH的EAG反应值最高[(0.57±0.14)mV]。在梨小食心虫性诱剂中添加200μg E8,E 10-12∶OH时,增效效果最佳,增效倍数达2.46倍。GmolGOBP2结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的能力最强[K i=(1.92±0.05)μmol/L],是结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的主要OBP。分子动力学模拟表明GmolGOBP2的Phe18,Ile100,Glu104,Val117和Phe124结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的自由能最低,分别为-1.18,-1.33,-3.34,-1.19和-1.58 kj/kg,预测是GmolGOBP2结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的重要位点,将以上5个残基定点突变为丙氨酸Ala后,突变体蛋白E104A和F124A失去了结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的能力,表明Glu104和Phe124是GmolGOBP2结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的关键氨基酸。【结论】E8,E 10-12∶OH是开发梨小食心虫高效性诱剂的理想增效剂,GmolGOBP2在梨小食心虫识别种间性信息素E8,E 10-12∶OH的过程中发挥着重要作用,Glu104和Phe124是GmolGOBP2结合E8,E 10-12∶OH的关键氨基酸残基。

关键词：梨小食心虫苹果蠹蛾性信息素协同增效嗅觉

A Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of Motor and Cognitive Function in Preterm Infants

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第3期36卷 321-329页

作者： Quan Wang guang-Pu Zhu li Yi Xin-Xin cui hui Wang Ru-Yi wei Bing-liang hu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi’an Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China Child Study Center Yale School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Preterm infants are vulnerable to brain injuries,and have a greater chance of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders throughout development. Early screening for motor and cognitive functions is critical to assessing the developmental trajectory in preterm infants, especially those who may have motor or cognitive deficits. The brain imaging technology functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) is a portable and low-cost method of assessing cerebral hemodynamics, making it suitable for large-scale use even in remote and underdeveloped areas. In this article, we review peer-reviewed, scientific f NIRS studies of motor performance, speech perception, and facial recognition in preterm infants. f NIRS provides a link between hemodynamic activity and the development of brain functions in preterm infants. Research using fNIRS has shown different patterns of hemoglobin change during some behavioral tasks in early infancy. fNIRS helps to promote our understanding of the developmental mechanisms of brain function in preterm infants when performing motor or cognitive tasks in a less-restricted environment.

关键词： Functional near infrared spectroscopy Preterm infant Motor performance Speech perception Facial recognition Cerebral hemodynamics

Influence of original microstructure on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength TRIP-aided steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第3期22卷 262-271页

作者： hong-xiang Yin Ai-min Zhao Zheng-zhi Zhao Xiao li Shuang-jiao li han-jiang hu wei-guang Xia Metallurgical Engineering Research Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The transformation behavior and tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel （***） were investigated by different heat treatments for automobile applications. The results show that F-TRIP steel, a tradi- tional TRIP steel containing as-cold-rolled ferfite and pearlite as the original microstructure, consists of equiaxed grains of intercritical ferrite surrounded by discrete particles of M/RA and B. In contrast, M-TRIP steel, a modified TRiP-aided steel with martensite as the original mi- crostlucture, containing full martensite as the original microstructure is comprised of lath-shaped grains of ferrite separated by lath-shaped martensite/retained austenite and bainite. Most of the austenite in F-TRIP steel is granular, while the austenite in M-TRIP steel is lath-shaped. The volume fraction of the retained austenite as well as its carbon content is lower in F-TRIP steel than in M-TRIP steel, and austenite grains in M-TRIP steel are much finer than those in F-TRIP steel. Therefore, M-TRIP steel was concluded to have a higher austenite stability, re- sulting in a lower transformation rate and consequently contributing to a higher elongation compared to F-TRIP steel. Work hardening be- havior is also discussed for both types of steel.

关键词： high strength steels transformation-induced plasticity phase transformations mechanical properties original microstructure work hardening

Amorphous Se species anchored into enclosed carbon skeleton bridged by chemical bonding toward advanced K-Se batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 319-326,I0010页

作者： li Zhou Yongpeng cui Dongqing Kong Wenting Feng Xiuli Gao Youguo yan Hao Ren han hu Qingzhong Xue Zifeng yan wei Xing State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing School of Material Science and EngineeringChina University of PetroleumQingdao 266580ShandongChina

Potassium-selenium(K-Se)batteries have attracted significant attention as one of the most promising alternatives of lithium-ion storage systems owing to high energy density and low *** the design of Se-based cathode materials,however,the low utilization rate of active Se and the rapid dissolution of polyselenides seriously weaken the capacity and cycle ***,how to make full use of Se species without loss during the charge and discharge process is the key to design high-performance Se-based *** this paper,a 3 D"water cube"-like Se/C hybrid(denoted as Se-O-PCS)is constructed with the assistance of Na_(2)CO_(3) *** to the abundant carbonate groups(CO_(3)^(2-))originated from the Na_(2)CO_(3) templates,the molten Se species are firmly anchored into the pore of carbon skeleton by strong C-O-Se ***,this unique Se-O-PCS model not only improves the utilization of active Se species,but also can reduce the contact with the electrolyte to inhibit the shuttle effect of ***,flexible carbon skeleton gives Se-O-PCS hybrid a good electrical conductivity and excellent structural ***,the resultant Se-O-PCS hybrid is endowed with an obviously enhanced K-ions storage property.

关键词： Potassium ion storage K-Se battery Se cathode Porous carbon skeleton Na_(2)CO_(3)template

Report on Childhood Obesity in China (2) Verification of BMI Classification Reference for Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第1期19卷 1-7页

作者： GUAN-SHENG MA yan-PING li XIAO-QI hu ZHAO-hui cui XIAO-guang yanG AND ChuN-MING CHEN National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 29 Nan wei Road Beijing 100050 China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 27 Nan wei Road Beijing 100050 China

Objective To verify Working Group for Obesity in China （WGOC） recommended body mass index （BMI） classification reference for overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents using the data of 2002 China Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey. Methods PediaWic metabolic syndrome （MetS） and abnormality of each risk factor for MetS were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. Definition of hyper-TC, LDL, and dyslipidemia in adults was applied as well. The average level and abnormality rate of the metabolic indicators were described by BMI percentiles and compared with general linear model analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to summarize the potential of BMI to discriminate between the presence and absence of the abnormality of these indicators. Results There was neither significantly increasing nor significantly decreasing trend of biochemical parameter levels in low BMI percentile range （〈65th）. Slight increasing trend from the 75th and a significant increase were found when BMI≥85th percentile. In general, the prevalence of the examined risk factors varied slightly when BMI percentile〈75th, and substantial increases were consistently seen when BMI percentile≥75th. As an indicator of hyper-TG, hypertension and MetS, the sensitivity and specificity were equal at the point of BMI〈75th percentile, and the Youden＇s index of risk factors also reached peak point before 75th percentile except for MetS. When the BMI percentile was used as the screening indicator of MetS, Youden＇s index reached peak point at 85th percentile, just the point in the ROC graph that was nearest to the upper left comer. Conclusion The BMI classification reference for overweight and obesity recommended by WGOC is rational to predict and prevent health risks in Chinese children and adolescents. Lower screening cut-off points, such as 83th percentile or 80th percentile, should not be excluded when they are considered as overweight criteria in future interventi

关键词： BMI classification Verification Child China Obese

living near a Major Road in Beijing： Association with Lower Lung Function, Airway Acidification, and Chronic Cough

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第18期129卷 2184-2190页

作者： Zhan-wei hu yan-Ni Zhao Yuan Cheng cui-yan Guo Xi Wang Nan li Jun-Qing liu hui Kang Guo-guang Xia Ping hu Ping-Ji Zhang Jing Ma Ying liu Cheng Zhang li Su guang-Fa Wang Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China Department of Internal Medicine Shichahai Community Health Care Center Beijing 100035 China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 China

Background： The effects of near-road pollution on lung function in China have not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on lung function, airway inflammation, and respiratory symptoms. Methods： We enrolled 1003 residents aged 57.96 ± 8.99 years living in the Shichahai Community in Beijing. Distances between home addresses and the nearest major roads were measured to calculate home-road distance. We used the distance categories 1, 2, and 3, representing 〈100 m, 100-200 m, and 〉200 m, respectively, as the dose indicator for traffic-related air pollution exposure. Lung function, exhaled breath condensate （EBC） pH, and interleukin 6 levels were measured. As a follow-up, 398 participants had a second lung function assessment about 3 years later, and lung function decline was also examined as an outcome. We used regression analysis to assess the impacts of home-road distance on lung function and respiratory symptoms. As the EBC biomarker data were not normally distributed, we performed correlation analysis between home-road distance categories and EBC biomarkers. Results： Participants living a shorter distance from major roads had lower percentage of predicted value of forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV1% -1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]： -0.20 to -2.89）. The odds ratio for chronic cough was 2.54 （95% CI： 1.57-4.10） for category 1 and 1.97 （95% CI： 1.16-3.37） for category 2, compared with category 3. EBC pH was positively correlated with road distance （rank correlation coefficient of Spearman [rs] = 0.176, P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusions： Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in people who live near major roads in Beijing is associated with lower lung function, airway acidification, and a higher prevalence of chronic cough. EBC pH is a potential useful biomarker for evaluating air pollution exposure.

关键词： Air Pollution Airway Inflammation Chronic Cough Exhaled Breath Condensate Lung Function