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^(15)N tracers and microbial analyses reveal in situ N_(2)O sources in contrasting water regimes of a drained peatland forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 749-758页

作者： Mohit MASTA Mikk ESPENBERG Laura KUUSEMETS Jaan PÄRN Sandeep THAYAMKOTTU holar.sepp Kalle KIRSIMÄE Fotis SGOURIDIS Kuno KASAK Kaido SOOSAAR Ülo MANDER Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuVanemuise Street 46Tartu 51003Estonia School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolUniversity RoadBristol BS81SSUK

Managed peatlands are a significant source of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),a powerful greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone *** to the complexity and diversity of microbial N_(2)O processes,different methods such as tracer,isotopomer,and microbiological technologies are required to understand these *** combined application of different methods helps to precisely estimate these processes,which is crucial for the future management of drained peatlands,and to mitigate soil degradation and negative atmospheric *** this study,we investigated N_(2)O sources by combining tracer,isotopomer,and microbial analysis in a drained peatland forest under flooded and drained *** average,the nitrification genes showed higher abundances in the drained treatment,and the denitrification genes showed higher abundances in the flooded *** is consistent with the underlying chemistry,as nitrification requires oxygen while denitrification is *** observed significant differences in labelled N_(2)O fluxes between the drained and flooded *** emissions of N_(2)O from the flooded treatment were nearly negligible,whereas the N_(2)O evolved from the nitrogen-15(^(15)N)-labelled ammonium(^(15)NH4+)in the drained treatment peaked at 147μg ^(15)N m^(-2) h^(-1).This initially suggested nitrification as the driving mechanism behind N_(2)O fluxes in drained peatlands,but based on the genetic data,isotopic analysis,and N_(2)O mass enrichment,we conclude that hybrid N_(2)O formation involving ammonia oxidation was the main source of N_(2)O emissions in the drained *** on the ^(15)N-labelled nitrate(^(15)NO3-)tracer addition and gene copy numbers,the low N_(2)O emissions in the flooded treatment came possibly from complete denitrification producing inert *** atomic level,we observed selective enrichment of mass 45 of N_(2)O molecule under ^(15)NH4+amendment in the drained treatment and enrichment of both masses 45 and 46 under

关键词： denitrification nitrification N_(2)O quantitative polymerase chain reaction

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The role of GI-supported methods in crisis management

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第4期3卷 340-354页

作者： Hannes seppänen Kirsi Virrantaus Department of Surveying Aalto University School of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 11200Aalto 00076Finland

Crisis and disaster management has become an important research field in GIS during recent *** assessment and situation picture-related work are particularly important areas of *** are distinct phases in different crises;these can be roughly divided into mitigation,preparedness,response,and *** this paper a general classification of methods in each phase is given with examples on recent or ongoing research *** framework is based on literature and experiences from crisis and disaster-related *** case studies are based on those *** goal is to clarify the role and usability of various GI-supported methods in the crisis management process by outlining a theoretical framework and presenting examples of the developed *** increasing amount of spatially related geographic information is a huge potential to the GI analysis and modeling methods;the concept of digital earth is the underlying mainstream that gives lots of promise to the research and development work in this field.

关键词： geo-spatial science geoinformatics GIS digital earth crisis management

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Wood substitution potential in greenhouse gas emission reduction–review on current state and application of displacement factors

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 548-565页

作者： Tanja Myllyviita Sampo Soimakallio Jáchym Judl Jyri seppälä Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland

Background:Replacing non-renewable materials and energy with wood offers a potential strategy to mitigate climate change if the net emissions of ecosystem and technosystem are reduced in a considered time *** factors(DFs)describe an emission reduction for a wood-based product or fuel which is used in place of a non-wood *** aims of this review were to map and assess DFs from scientific literature and to provide findings on how to harmonise practices behind them and to support coherent ***:Most of the reviewed DFs were positive,implying decreasing fossil GHG emissions in the *** vast majority of the reviewed DFs describe avoided fossil emissions either both in processing and use of wood or only in the latter when wood processing emissions were considered *** of the reviewed DFs included emissions avoided in post-use of harvested wood products(HWPs).Changes in forest and product carbon stocks were not included in DFs except in a few single ***,in most of the reviewed studies they were considered separately in a consistent way along with *** for wood energy,construction and material substitution were widely available,whereas DFs for packaging products,chemicals and textiles were *** than half of DFs were calculated by the authors of the reviewed articles while the rest of them were adopted from other ***:Most of the reviewed DFs describe the avoided fossil GHG *** DFs may provide insights on the wood-based products with a potential to replace emissions intensive alternatives but they do not reveal the actual climate change mitigation effects of wood *** way DFs should be applied and interpreted depends on what has been included in *** the aim of DFs is to describe the overall climate effects of wood use,DFs should include all the relevant GHG flows,including changes in forest and HWP carbon stock and post-use of HWPs,however,based on this lite

关键词： substitution potential replace

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Earthquakes as a potential contributing factor to climate change at multi-decadal scale

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第2期6卷 131-138页

作者： KeYan Fang Heikki sepp Department of Geosciences and Geography PO Box 6400014 University of Helsinki

Climate changes at the multi-decadal scale are often associated with multi-decadal phase shifts of the dominant sea surface temperature （SST） pattern, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. The PDO may be associated with the North Pacific branch of the Thermohaline Circulation （THC）. Great earthquakes （M 〉8）, particularly along the route of the THC, might modulate the vertical mixing and bring deep, cold water to surface, contributing to multi-decadal changes in surface currents and the PDO. This may eventually lead to multi-decadal climate changes. We tested this hypothesis for the Pacific Ocean where great earthquakes have been frequently recorded. We found associations between the PDO and recurrent earthquakes along the route of the deep currents of the THC in the modern period since 1900, and relationships between hydroclimate change in Monsoonal Asia and historical earthquakes since 1300. However, it should be noted that this hypothesis is very preliminary and has many gaps that needs further evidences from more observational records and modeling studies.

关键词： earthquake climate change Thermohaline Circulation PDO

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Celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes:a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 150-156页

作者： Raivo Uibo Marina Panarina Kaupo Teesalu Ija Talja Epp sepp Meeme Utt Marika Mikelsaar Kaire Heilman Oivi Uibo Tamara Vorobjova Department of Immunology University of TartuTartuEstonia Department of Microbiology University of TartuTartuEstonia Children’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstonia

Two common chronic childhood diseases-celiac disease(CD)and type 1 diabetes(T1D)-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility,environmental exposure,alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central *** this study,we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for CD independently of T1D *** this purpose,we studied 36 children with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 children with active CD,including 12 patients with *** samples from the small-bowel mucosa,we detected the lowest expression of tight junction protein 1(TJP1)mRNA in CD patients with T1D,indicating an increase in intestinal ***,these samples displayed the highest expression of forkhead box P3(FoxP3)mRNA,a marker for regulatory T cells,as compared with other patient *** the same time,serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the CD-related antigens deamidated gliadin and tissue transglutaminase(tTG)were the highest in CD patients with *** contrast,no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for bovine beta-lactoglobulin or Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM 20083-derived *** were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between patients and control *** results show that patients with T1D and newly detected CD exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability,strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small *** study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this CD subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors(virus infections),unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

关键词： autoimmunity celiac disease immunoregulation intestinal mucosa type 1 diabetes

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Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6068-6074页

作者： Kajsa Kajander Eveliina Myllyluoma Sinikka Kyrnpalo Martin Rasmussen Pentti Sipponen Ismo Mattila Tuulikki seppnen-Laakso Heikki Vapaatalo Matej Orei Riitta Korpela Institute of Biomedicine PharmacologyUniversity of Helsinki Valio Ltd Research Centre Tampere Health Centre and Department of Medicine Tampere City Hospital Department of Pathology Jorvi HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Foundation for Nutrition Research

AIM： To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls. METHODS： Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria, and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study. A combined lipidomics （UPLC/MS） and metabolomics （GC × GC-TOF） approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon. RESULTS： Overall, lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS. The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines. Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and di-and triacylglycerols. Among the meo tabolites, the cyclic ester 2（3H）-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects （P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile. Especially, there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides.

关键词： Functional gastrointestinal diseases Irritable bowel syndrome Histopathology

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Effects of chronic and subtoxic chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone release

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 165-170页

作者： Zsolt Molnár Regina Pálf?ldi Anna László Marianna Radács Krisztián sepp Péter Hausinger László Tiszlavicz Zsuzsanna Valkusz Márta Gálfi Institute of Applied Science Department of Environmental Biology and Education Gyula Juhász Faculty of Education University of Szeged Department of Pulmonology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged Department of Medical Physics and Informatics Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged Endocrine Unit of First Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged Invasive Cardiology Department Second Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged

Many environmental chemicals and pesticides have been found to alter neuroendocrine communication in exposed biological objects. The environmental loads have primary and secondary effects that can alter the homeostatic regulation potential. Since it is difficult to avoid human exposition, a potentially important area of research to develop in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In this context, the primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone（ACTH） release. In our experimental study, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/b.w.（body weight） kg of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene（Cl B） mix via gastric tube for 30, 60 or 90 days. At the endpoints of the experiment blood samples were taken and animals were decapitated. Primary,monolayer adenohypophysis cell cultures were prepared by enzymatic and mechanical digestion. The ACTH hormone content in serum and supernatant media was measured by immuno-chemiluminescence assay. The Mg2＋-dependent ATPase activity was determined by modified method of Martin and Dotty. Significant differences were detected in the hormone release between the control and treated groups. The hormone release was enhanced characteristically in exposed groups depending upon the dose and duration of exposure. The Mg2＋-ATPase activity enhanced after chronic and subtoxic Cl B exposition. Light microscopy revealed that the adenohypophysis seemed to be more abundant. Results indicate that Wistar rats exposed to subtoxic Cl B have direct and indirect effects on hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis.

关键词： Chlorobenzenes Subtoxic Adrenocorticotrophic hormone release Mg2+ -dependent ATPase

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How does grain growth of ice from Renland,Greenland relate to particles, impurities or bubbles?

How does grain growth of ice from Renland,Greenland relate t...

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中国晶体学会第六届学术年会暨会员代表大会（极端条件晶体材料分会）

作者： Yuan Li Cunde Xiao sepp Kipfstuhl Bo Vinther Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological ScienceChina Meteorology Administration Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Columbusstrasse The center for ice and climate Niels Bohr InstituteUniversity of Copenhagen

A 584m of length ice core which locates at 71°N18’14",26W°42’48",2340m a.s.l,in Renland,Greenland was extracted in May-June,2015 with REnland ice CAp Project by cooperation of Denmark,Germany and the *** and fabrics are measured by Fabric Analyzer G50with a 10-20μm of resolution and Intermediate Layer Core Scanner with a 51μm of resolution at the

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Non-radioactive Hybridization in Microwells Using Enzym eLinked Im m uneSorbentAssay forDetection ofRT-PCR-Am -plified CK19-and CEA-m RNA

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 1999年第3期19卷 181-184,189页

作者： ZHONG Xiaoyan 1, sepp Kaul 2, Astrid Eichler 2, Gunther Bastert 2 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030 2 Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Univ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical University Wuhan 430030

PCR enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of RT PCR amplified cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA. The non radioactive hybridization was performed in a streptavidin coated microwell with digoxigenin labeled PCR products and with biotin labeled capture probe. PCR ELISA was proved to be expedient, simple, sensitive and safe for identification of CK19 , CEA RT PCR products. These results were proven by sequencing.

关键词： CK19 CEA RT PCR ELISA non radioactive hybridization

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Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention on global serum lipidomic profiles in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第20期14卷 3188-3194页

作者： Riina A Kekkonen Marko Sysi-Aho Tuulikki seppnen-Laakso Ilkka Julkunen Heikki Vapaatalo Matej Orei Riitta Korpela University of Helsinki Institute of Biomedicine Pharmacology University of Helsinki VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland National Public Health Institute Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology

AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A total of 407 lipids were identified, corresponding to 13 different lipid classes. Serum samples showed decreases in the levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoGPCho), sphingomyelins (SM) and several glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPCho), while triacylglycerols (TAG) were mainly increased in the probiotic LGG group during the intervention. Among the inflammatory variables, IL-6 was moderatelyassociated by changes in global lipidomic profiles, with the top-ranked lipid associated with IL-6 being the proinflammatory LysoGPCho (20:4). There was a weak association between the lipidomic profiles and the two other inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.

关键词： Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lipidomic Inflammatory mediators Healthy adults

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