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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underly.ng their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employ.ng astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GnSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： Prayitno Abadi Ihsan n.Muafiry Teguh n.Pratama Angga y.Putra Suraina Gatot H.Pramono Sidik T.Wibowo Febrylian F.Chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan P.Tresna Asnawi Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of Laboratory Management Facilities and Science and Technology Park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics Laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia Research Center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Research Center for Photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GnSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GnSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GnSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this *** generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GnSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GnSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB) GnSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of TEC change index(ROTI)map

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Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CnS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina neuroscience and neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

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Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the wind flow over an airport terminal building

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第6期11卷 389-401页

作者： Chun-ho LIU Dennis y.C.LEUnG Alex C.S.MAn P.W.chan Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong hong Kong Observatory

Turbulence in the wake generated by wind flow over buildings or obstacles may produce complex flow patterns in downstream *** include the recirculating flow and wind deficit areas behind an airport terminal building and their potential impacts on the aircraft landing on nearby runways.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation of the wind flow over an airport terminal building was performed in this study of the effect of the building wake on landing *** normal meteorological conditions,the studied airport terminal building causes limited effects on landing aircraft because most of the aircraft have already landed before entering the turbulent wake *** simulating the approach of a tropical cyclone,additional CFD sensitivity tests were performed to study the impacts of building wake under extreme meteorological *** was found that,in a narrow range of prevalent wind directions with wind speeds larger than a certain threshold value,a substantial drop in wind speed(>3.6 m/s) along the glide path of aircraft was observed in the building *** CFD results also showed that under the most critical situation,a drop in wind speed as large as 6.4 m/s occurred right at the touchdown point of landing aircraft on the runway,an effect which may have a significant impact on aircraft *** study indicated that a comprehensive analysis of the potential impacts of building wake on aircraft operations should be carried out for airport terminals and associated buildings in airfields to ensure safe aviation operation under all meteorological conditions and to facilitate implementation of precautionary measures.

关键词： Aviation safety Building aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) k-e turbulence model Tropicalcyclone

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Turbulent flows over real heterogeneous urban surfaces:Wind tunnel experiments and Reynolds-averaged navier-Stokes simulations

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Building Simulation 2021年第5期14卷 1345-1358页

作者： Wai-Chi Cheng Chun-ho Liu yat-Kiu ho Ziwei Mo Zhangquan Wu Wenye Li Lilian y.L.chan W.K.Kwan Hing Tuen yau School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) ZhuhaiChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Information Technology Services The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Wind tunnel experiment and steady-state Reynolds-averaged navier-Stokes(RAnS)approaches are used to examine the urban boundary layer(UBL)development above Kowloon Peninsula,hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR).The detailed urban morphology is resolved by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and is fabricated by 3D-printing(reduced scale)for wind tunnel *** from the majority existing results based on idealized,homogeneous urban geometries,it was found that the wind and turbulence in the UBL over downtown Kowloon are characterized by the wake behind several high-rise *** particular,local maxima of turbulence kinetic energy(TKE)and shear stress are found at the roof level of those high-rise *** the downstream region where the flows are already adjusted to the urban surfaces,the urban roughness sublayer(URSL)can be further divided into two layers based on the structures of the mixing length/m,effective drag Dx and dispersive *** the lower URSL(zniform,and the Reynolds stress and dispersive stress are *** the upper URSL(100 m z s 300 m),on the contrary,lm is peaked at the mid-height and the magnitude of dispersive stress is smaller than that of the Reynolds stress(negligible in the upper URSL.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics(CFD) real urban morphology urban boundary layer(UBL) urban canopy model(UCM) wind tunnel experiments

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Programmed cell death in developing human fetal CnS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第22期45卷 2082-2084页

作者： chan W.y. Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinN.T.Hong KongChina

The spatial and temporal distributions of programmed cell death (PCD) in developing central nervous system (CnS) of human fetuses ranging from 12 to 39 weeks of gestation were investigated using techniques of flow cytometry and terminal transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUnEL). The results showed that PCD did occur in every representative brain region of all fetuses examined in different stages. It was found that there were two peaks of PCD appearing at the 12th and 39th weeks respectively, which suggested that the first peak of apoptosis may be involved in the selective elimination of neurons overproduced during the early development and the second may play an important role in establishing the correct neuronal circuitry.

关键词： programmed cell death (PCD) fetus central nervous system development.

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Temperature distribution study during the friction stir welding process of Al2024-T3 aluminum alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第8期20卷 779-787页

作者： y.H.yau A.Hussain R.K.Lalwani H.K.chan n.Hakimi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Malaya50603 KLMalaysia

Heat flux characteristics are critical to good quality welding obtained in the important engineering alloy A12024- T3 by the friction stir welding （FSW） process. In the present study, thermocouples in three different configurations were amxed on the welding samples to measure the temperatures： in the first configuration, four thermocouples were placed at equivalent positions along one side of the welding direction; the second configuration involved two equivalent thermocouple locations on either side of the welding path; while the third configuration had all the thermocouples on one side of the layout but with unequal gaps from the welding line. A three-dimensional, non-linear AnSyS computational model, based on an approach applied to A12024-T3 for the first time, was used to simulate the welding temperature profiles obtained experimentally. The experimental thermal profiles on the whole were found to be in agreement with those calculated by the AnSyS model. The broad agreement between the two kinds of profiles validates the basis for derivation of the simulation model and provides an approach for the FSW simulation in A12024-T3 and is potentially more useful than models derived previously.

关键词： aluminum alloys friction stir welding welds temperature distribution

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Label-free biosensing with singular-phaseenhanced lateral position shift based on atomically thin plasmonic nanomaterials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 810-822页

作者： Shaodi Zhu Rodolphe Jaffiol Aurelian Crunteanu Cyrille Vézy Sik-To chan Wu yuan ho-Pui ho Shuwen Zeng Light Nanomaterials&Nanotechnologies(L2n)CNRS-EMR 7004University of Technology of Troyes10000 TroyesFrance. Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina XLIM Research Institute UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges123Avenue Albert ThomasLimogesFrance

Rapid plasmonic biosensing has attracted wide attention in early disease diagnosis and molecular biology ***,it was still challenging for conventional angle-interrogating plasmonic sensors to obtain higher sensitivity without secondary amplify.ng labels such as plasmonic *** address this issue,we developed a plasmonic biosensor based on the enhanced lateral position shift by phase *** singularity presents as a sudden phase retardation at the dark point of reflection from resonating plasmonic substrate,leading to a giant position shift on reflected ***,for the first time,the atomically thin layer of Ge2Sb2Te5(GST)on silver nanofilm was demonstrated as a novel phase-response-enhancing plasmonic *** GST layer was not only precisely engineered to singularize phase change but also served as a protective layer for active silver *** new configuration has achieved a record-breaking largest position shift of 439.3μm measured in calibration experiments with an ultra-high sensitivity of 1.72×10^(8)nm RIU−1(refractive index unit).The detection limit was determined to be 6.97×10^(−7)RIU with a 0.12μm position ***,a large figure of merit(FOM)of 4.54×10^(11)μm(RIU∙°)^(−1)was evaluated for such position shift interrogation,enabling the labelfree detection of trace amounts of *** targeted biosensing experiments,the optimized sensor has successfully detected small cytokine biomarkers(TnF-αand IL-6)with the lowest concentration of 1×10^(−16)*** two molecules are the key proinflammatory cancer markers in clinical diagnosis,which cannot be directly screened by current clinical *** further validate the selectivity of our sensing systems,we also measured the affinity of integrin binding to arginylglycylaspartic acid(RGD)peptide(a key protein interaction in cell adhesion)with different Mn2+ion concentrations,ranging from 1 nM to 1 mM.

关键词： diagnosis protective silver

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Specific oceanographic characteristics and phytoplankton responses influencing the primary production around the Ulleung Basin area in spring

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第2期39卷 107-122页

作者： Minji Lee Jin ho Kim y.n-Bae Kim chan hong Park Kyoungsoon Shin Seung ho Baek South Sea Research Institute Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyGeoje 53201Korea Ulleungdo/Dokdo Ocean Science Station Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyUlleungdo 40205Korea Dokdo Research Center East Sea Research InstituteKorea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyUljin 36315Korea

The East Sea(Sea of Japan)is a marginal,semi-closed sea in the northwestern *** Ulleung Basin area,which is located near the subpolar front of the East Sea,is known to have high primary production and good fisheries in spring *** episodic wind-driven events during the spring of 2017,horizontal and vertical profiles of physical chemical biological factors were investigated at 29 stations located in the Ulleung Basin *** addition,growth responses of phytoplankton communities to nutrient additions were evaluated by bioassay experiments to understand the fluctuation of phytoplankton *** of strong northwestern wind,phytoplankton biomass was scattered and upwelling phenomenon might be suppressed in this *** phytoplankton abundances in the coastal stations were significantly higher than offshore and island *** contrast,the nutrient and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentrations and the phytoplankton biomass were quite low in all *** was dominated group(>75.1%for coastal,40.0%for offshore and 43.6%for island stations).In the algal bioassays,the phytoplankton production was stimulated by.n *** in vivo Chl a values in the+n and+nP treatments were significantly higher than the values in the control and the+P *** on the field survey,the higher nutrients in coastal waters affected the growth of diatom assemblages,however,little prosperity of phytoplankton was observed in the offshore waters despite the injection of sufficient nutrients in bioassay *** growth of phytoplankton depended on the initial cell *** of results indicated that a dominant northwestern wind led to a limited nutrients condition at euphotic layers,and the low level of biomass supply from the coasts resulted in low primary *** supply.ng nutrients and introducing phytoplankton through the currents are critical to maintain the high productivity in the Ulleung Basin area of the East Sea.

关键词： Ulleung Basin Ulleungdo and Dokdo spring phytoplankton blooms episodic windstorm algal bioassays primary production

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numerical study on the ozone formation inside street cany.ns using a chemistry box model

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 832-837页

作者： Chun-ho Liu Dennis y.C.Leung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong.

Tropospheric ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced in the presence of nitrogen oxides (nO_x),volatile organic compounds (VOCs),and solar *** an urban environment,ground-level vehicular exhaust is the major anthropogenic source of ozone *** the cases of street cany.ns,pollutant dilution is weakened by the surrounding buildings that creates localized high concentration of nO_x and VOCs,and thus leads to high potential of ozone *** considering the major physical and chemical p...

关键词： volatile organic compounds VOCs-to-nO_x ratio air quality vehicular emission chemistry box model

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