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Prediction of electromigration failure in passivated polycrystalline line

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光学精密工程 2003年第2期11卷 114-119页

作者： Kazuhiko Sasagawa Masataka Hasegawa Masumi Saka hiroyuki abé Department of Intelligent Machines and System Engineering Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki 036-8561 JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Tohoku University 01 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Tohoku University 01 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 JapanTohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan

Recently, a governing parameter for electromigration damage in passivated polycrystalline lines, AFD*gen, was formulated considering the effect of the atomic density gradient. In this study, a prediction method for electromigration failure in a passivated polycrystalline line was proposed using AFD*gen. The characteristics of film used for prediction is established in advance using a method based on AFD*gen. The film characteristics of metal lines with different lengths were determined experimentally by AFD*gen_based method. From the film characteristics obtained, both lifetime and location of failure in the passivated polycrystalline lines were predicted through numerical simulation of failure process. Good agreement has been shown between the predicted and the experimental results concerning both lifetime and location of failure.

关键词：多晶线钝化失效电迁移预报

A Decentralized and TCAM-Aware Failure Recovery Model in Software Defined Data Center Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1087-1107页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari Siti Hafizah ab Hamid Nur Nasuha Daud Department of Computer System and Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively *** software-defined networks(SDN),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive *** schemes have longer recovery times while proactive schemes provide faster recovery but overwhelm the memory of switches by flow *** SDN adoption grows,ensuring efficient recovery from link failures in the data plane becomes *** particular,data center networks(DCNs)demand rapid recovery times and efficient resource utilization to meet carrier-grade *** paper proposes an efficient Decentralized Failure Recovery(DFR)model for SDNs,meeting recovery time requirements and optimizing switch memory resource *** DFR model enables switches to autonomously reroute traffic upon link failures without involving the controller,achieving fast recovery times while minimizing memory *** employs the Fast Failover Group in the OpenFlow standard for local recovery without requiring controller communication and utilizes the k-shortest path algorithm to proactively install backup paths,allowing immediate local recovery without controller intervention and enhancing overall network stability and *** employs flow entry aggregation techniques to reduce switch memory *** of matching flow entries to the destination host’s MAC address,DFR matches packets to the destination switch’s MAC *** reduces the switches’Ternary Content-Addressable Memory(TCAM)***,DFR modifies Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)replies to provide source hosts with the destination switch’s MAC address,facilitating flow entry aggregation without affecting normal network *** performance of DFR is evaluated through the network emulator Mininet 2.3.1 and Ryu 3.1 as SDN *** different number of active flows,number of hosts per edge switch,and different network sizes,the proposed model outperformed vario

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection TCAM size

A Survey of Link Failure Detection and Recovery in Software-Defined Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 103-137页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari Siti Hafizah ab Hamid Nur Nasuha Daud Department of Software Engineering Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Software-defined networking(SDN)is an innovative paradigm that separates the control and data planes,introducing centralized network *** is increasingly being adopted by Carrier Grade networks,offering enhanced networkmanagement capabilities than those of traditional ***,because SDN is designed to ensure high-level service availability,it faces additional *** of themost critical challenges is ensuring efficient detection and recovery from link failures in the data *** failures can significantly impact network performance and lead to service outages,making resiliency a key concern for the effective adoption of *** the recovery process is intrinsically dependent on timely failure detection,this research surveys and analyzes the current literature on both failure detection and recovery approaches in *** survey provides a critical comparison of existing failure detection techniques,highlighting their advantages and ***,it examines the current failure recovery methods,categorized as either restoration-based or protection-based,and offers a comprehensive comparison of their strengths and ***,future research challenges and directions are discussed to address the shortcomings of existing failure recovery methods.

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection

Potent water extracts of Indonesian medicinal plants against PTP1B

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第1期6卷 38-43页

作者： Azis Saifudin Tepy Usia Subehan ab Lallo hiroyuki Morita Ken Tanaka Yasuhiro Tezuka Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Research Center of National Drug and Food Control Faculty of Pharmacy Hasanuddin University Division of Natural Products Chemistry Institute of Natural Medicine University of Toyama Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmaceutical Science Ritsumeikan University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokuriku University

Objective:To examine the potent of water as a solvent agent in the preparation of traditional herbal ***:Water extracts of 18 plants were prepared through reflux and examined(25μg/mL) to evaluate their possibility for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).The determination of IC50 values was performed for the samples possessing more than 80%***,those exhibiting IC50 values more than 7.0 μg/mL were further profiled for their chemical constituents through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) ***:about 44%(8) of the examined samples showed more than 80%inhibition against PTP1 *** water extracts of Elephantopus scaber,Helicteres isora aerial parts,Elaeocarpus grandiflorus(***) fruits,Melaleuca leucadendron leaves,and Quercus infectoria gum had IC50 values ranging from 2.05 to 6.90 μg/***,Andropogon nardus and Centella asiatica were at the area of δ 3.0-4.0 ***,the13 C NMR observation of samples possessing the most intensive signals in their proton NMR Cinnamomum burmannii and *** showed the peaks at the area of δ 60-90 ppm as the supportive evidence for sugar group ***,a disaccharide from *** could be an active inhibitor towards PTB1 ***:In contrast to the mainstream solvents currently used in modern herbal manufactures especially Jamu medicine in Indonesia,pure-water-extracted materials should be reconsidered and could be reemerged for future studies and for the manufacture of herbal *** addition,the activity of Jamu components should be confirmed that their antidiabetes and antiobesity activities could be through the inhibition of PTP1 B.

关键词： Water extract Indonesian medicinal plants PTP1B inhibitor Diabetes Carbohydrate Nuclear magnetic resonance

Role of malaria induced oxidative stress on anaemia in pregnancy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 211-214页

作者： Akanbi OM Odaibo ab Olatoregun R Ademowo ab Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Faculty of ScienceAdekunle Ajasin University Department of Zoology Parasitology UnitUniversity of Ibadan Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training College of MedicineUniversity of Ibadan

Objective:To assess the role of oxidative stress on anaemia in ***:Blood samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women who came for antenatal clinic and medical check at Comprehensive Health Center,Akungba-Akoko and Iwaro General Hospital in Akoko Area of Ondo State,*** and thin blood films were prepared and used for malaria parasite *** level was determined by colorimetric method using Drabkin’s *** status was determined using malondiadelhyde level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation,while ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione levels were measured by standard spectrophotometric ***:Mean parasite density was significantly higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant women(P<0.05).Haemoglobin level was significantly reduced in malaria positive pregnant and non-pregnant women than malaria negative(8.3-10.0 g/dL)(P<0.05).The oxidative status indicated that malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly increased in pregnant[(2.5±0.7) nmol/mL]than non-pregnant women[(1.8±0.1) nmol/mL] (P<0.05),while Vit C and superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were significantly reduced in pregnant than non-pregnant women(P<0.05).There was an inverse correlation between Hb and MDA levels in pregnant women *** correlation was observed between the mean MDA level and parasite density(r = 0.53).The Hb level decreased as the parasite density and MDA level increased in pregnant ***:This study shows that oxidative stress, caused by malaria infection could be part of the contributing factors responsible for anaemia in pregnancy.

关键词： Pregnancy Anaemia Oxidative stress Malaria Primigravidae Malondialdehyde(MDA) Superoxide dismutase(SOD)

A novel simple bifunctional catalyst for the direct aldol reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第6期22卷 651-654页

作者： Chang Lu Liu Hao Zhang Ning Wang ab School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Chemistry Sichuan University of Arts and SciencesDazhou 635000China

Direct aldol reactions of aldehydes and ketones can proceed smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of naphthol/sodium naphtholate（5 mol%） to afford the corresponding products with yields up to 98%.Such a bif... 详细信息

关键词： Aldol reactions Naphthol Sodium naphtholate Bifunctional catalyst Acid-base

Bedload transport of small rivers in Malaysia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第4期29卷 481-490页

作者： Zahra ZANGENEH SIRDARI Aminuddin ab GHANI Zorkeflee abu HASSAN REDAC Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus

Numerous time-consuming equations,based on the relationship between the reliability and representativeness of the data utilized in defining variables and constants,require complex parameters to estimate bedload *** this study the easily accessible data including flow discharge,water depth,water surface slope,and surface grain diameter(d50) from small rivers in Malaysia were used to estimate bedload *** programming（GP）and artificial neural network（ANN） models are applied as complementary tools to estimate bed load transport based on a balance between simplicity and accuracy in small *** developed models demonstrate higher performance with an overall accuracy of 97%and 93%for ANN and GP,respectively compared with other traditional methods and empirical equations.

关键词： Bedload transport Small rivers Genetic programming Artificial neural network

Anti- MSP-1_(19) antibody (IgG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) response against malaria infection in pregnancy in South Western Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第2期2卷 9-15页

作者： Akanbi OM Odaibo ab Ademowo OG Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Faculty of scienceAdekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba-AkokoOndo StateNigeria Department of Zoology Parasitology UnitUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Objective:Although immunity to malaria is reduced in pregnancy,the maternal immune system still continues to respond to malaria infection by the production of *** has been reported to play significant role in immune response against ***-MSP-1_(19) antibody and reactive oxygen species have been shown to be protective against malaria infection in *** work assessed the response of anti-MSP-1_(19) antibody(a promising blood stage vaccine candidate antigen) and oxidative stress in 250 pregnant ***: Blood samples were collected in dry and wet *** falciparum infection was determined by microscopy, anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG level was investigated using ***(MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were used as indicators of oxidative stress and they were quantified ***: Parasitaemia was significantly higher(P<0.05) in wet than dry season and its level decreased with *** was a significant increase(P<0.05) in anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA levels in the dry than wet ***-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA levels were significantly higher in *** positive primigravidae than *** negative primigravidae in both wet and dry *** wet season anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG level was significantly increased(P<0.05) in *** positive multigravidae than *** negative. The anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA were significant higher in *** positive multigravidae than primigravidae. Reduced glutathione(GSH) level was significantly reduced(P<0.05) among malaria positive than malaria negative patients in both ***:This study suggests that IgG and MDA response were positively associated with the presence of malaria infection.

关键词： Pregnancy Malaria Reactive oxygen species Anti-MSP-l_(19) antibody(IgG) MDA

Distribution of algae and cyanobacteria of biological soil crusts along the elevation gradient in mountain plant communities at the Northern Urals(Russian European Northeast)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 637-646页

作者： IV NOVAKOVSKAYA EN PATOVA YA DUBROVSKIY ab NOVAKOVSKIY EE KULYUGINA Institute of Biology Komi Scientific CentreUral BranchRussian Academy of SciencesKommunisticheskaya st.28SyktyvkarKomi Republic167982Russia

This paper describes the biodiversity of cyanobacteria and microalgae of biological soil crusts(BSC)on bare substrates in different mountain vegetation types at the Northern *** total,we identified 99 algal species from six divisions in all sampled *** species diversity and structure of BSC algal communities show a relationship with environmental factors(altitude,soil p H and humidity,and illumination).Taxonomic diversity of algae decreases along the altitude gradient from mountain meadow to mountain *** and cyanobacteria species from six divisions were identified in meadow communities,five in mountain forests and four in mountain *** observed a positive correlation between species diversity of phototrophic microorganisms and altitude in the forest communities,but a negative correlation in the *** dominant complex of cyanobacterial and algal species in BSC was specific for each type of plant community and was reflective of the habitat *** species diversity and morphological organization of the BSC algae thalli can be used as a criterion for the ongoing assessment of climatic changes in high latitudes and mountain regions.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Cyanobacteria and microalgae Altitude gradient Northern Urals