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An updated review of gastric cancer in the next-generation sequencing era:Insights from bench to bedside and vice versa

作者： Yutaka KUDO Ryohei ONO hiromu ITO Akio SHIMOMURA Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo

＜正＞Kaki （Japanese persimmon;Diospyros kaki） is one of the most familiar fruit trees in Japan. It has been frequently planted in house gardens since the ancient times. Kinoshita （2000） suggested that the most often planted edible tree that we can see today in residential area in Tokyo is kaki.1’’ In addition, kaki and a landscape with kaki tend to be connected with a nostalgic image of an autumn rural landscape. In this respect, a landscape with kaki can be seen as a Japanese "prototype-landscape." The point we have to focus on here is that common image and feeling about kaki are shared among the Japanese. It is due to our "landscape perception", a common "way of seeing" shared in a specific social group. Landscape perception is expected to change depending on various social backgrounds. This study considers how our landscape perception has been changed by analyzing the representation of kaki as an expression of landscape. Two genres of Japanese poetry, waka and haiku, are selected as analysis objects of the representation of kaki. We extracted waka and haiku containing the word "kaki" and analyzed how kaki is treated as the subject expressing the landscape, taking into consideration the character of waka and haiku. Until the early Edo era （the 17th century）, kaki and a landscape with it had rarely been composed in waka. It is because kaki had been regarded as unrefined and countrified, and the unsuitable subject for waka. In the Edo era, not only the high educated class but also general urban people had been involved in cultural activities. As cultural importance had been shifted from waka to haiku, the subjects which had not been treated, such as kaki, appeared in the cultural activities which began in the Edo era. Kaki had been composed in haiku more often than in waka. Moreover, descriptions of kaki in haiku had been more various and detailed than waka. We can understand these changes as "the expansion of subjects" and "freedom from the fixed way of representation." When we notice the representation of kaki, i

关键词： landscape perception prototype-landscape kaki representation waka and haiku

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3927-3937页

作者： Hiroyuki Yamamoto Yoshiyuki Watanabe Tadateru Maehata Ryo Morita Yoshihito Yoshida Ritsuko Oikawa Shinya Ishigooka Shun-ichiro Ozawa Yasumasa Matsuo Kosuke Hosoya Masaki Yamashita Hiroaki Taniguchi Katsuhiko Nosho hiromu Suzuki Hiroshi Yasuda Yasuhisa Shinomura Fumio Itoh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSt. Marianna University School of Medicine Division of Cancer Cell Research Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of Tokyo Department of Gastroenterology Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologySapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Molecular Biology Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.There is an increasing understanding of the roles that genetic and epigenetic alterations play in GCs.Recent studies using nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)have revealed a number of potential cancer-driving genes in GC.Whole-exome sequencing of GC has identified recurrent somatic mutations in the chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A and alterations in the cell adhesion gene FAT4,a member of the cadherin gene family.Mutations in chromatin remodeling genes(ARID1A,MLL3 and MLL)have been found in 47%of GCs.Whole-genome sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing analyses have also discovered novel alterations in GC.Recent studies of cancer epigenetics have revealed widespread alterations in genes involved in the epigenetic machinery,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,nucleosome positioning,noncoding RNAs and microRNAs.Recent advances in molecular research on GC have resulted in the introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into clinical settings.The antihuman epidermal growth receptor 2(HER2)antibody trastuzumab has led to an era of personalized therapy in GC.In addition,ramucirumab,a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)-2,is the first biological treatment that showed survival benefits as a single-agent therapy in patients with advanced GC who progressed after firstline chemotherapy.Using NGS to systematically identify gene alterations in GC is a promising approach with remarkable potential for investigating the pathogenesis of GC and identifying novel therapeutic targets,as well as useful biomarkers.In this review,we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GC,focusing on the potential use of these genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.

关键词： Next-generation sequencing Microsatellite instabil

液晶显示方法研究管内马赫数4拟似冲击波流动

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空气动力学学报 2005年第4期23卷 521-525页

作者：王东屏兆文忠杉山弘东条启大连交通大学机械工程学院辽宁大连116028 日本室兰工业大学机械工程系

在一个压力-真空型超声速风洞中,剪切应力敏感的液晶表面流动显示技术被用来研究方管内马赫数4拟似冲击波的超声速流动。实验是在日本室兰工业大学的超声速风洞中进行。它提供了关于测试表面流动结构的定性信息,诸如湍流边界层分离和再... 详细信息

在一个压力-真空型超声速风洞中,剪切应力敏感的液晶表面流动显示技术被用来研究方管内马赫数4拟似冲击波的超声速流动。实验是在日本室兰工业大学的超声速风洞中进行。它提供了关于测试表面流动结构的定性信息,诸如湍流边界层分离和再附,以及边界层流动的维数等。液晶显示结果与纹影实验照片和油膜方法进行比较,证实了它是一种非常有效的表面流动显示工具。

关键词：拟似冲击波表面流动显示剪切-敏感液晶冲击波/湍流边界层相互作用湍流边界层分离

马赫数4二维直管内拟似冲击波实验和数值研究

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航空学报 2005年第4期26卷 392-396页

作者：王东屏兆文忠杉山弘東條啓大连交通大学机械工程学院辽宁大连116028 日本室兰工业大学机械工程系

通过计算流体力学数值仿真和高速彩色纹影照片显示技术对马赫数4拟似冲击波进行研究。实验是在日本室兰工业大学的压力—真空型超声速风洞中进行的。数值计算是采用三阶精度的QUICK格式和SpalartAllmaras湍流模型进行的。用实验验证CFD... 详细信息

通过计算流体力学数值仿真和高速彩色纹影照片显示技术对马赫数4拟似冲击波进行研究。实验是在日本室兰工业大学的压力—真空型超声速风洞中进行的。数值计算是采用三阶精度的QUICK格式和SpalartAllmaras湍流模型进行的。用实验验证CFD模型,计算结果与实验显示出较好的一致性。可以得出结论,从目前的CFD模型获得的计算结果是精确的。因而,实验很难获得的拟似冲击波流场内部一些流动量可以通过数值仿真结果进行分析。另外,推测了马赫数4拟似冲击波非对称的原因。

关键词：数值仿真拟似冲击波冲击波/湍流边界层相互作用纹影实验非对称特性

Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

奥氏体晶粒度对高Si油回火钢丝疲劳强度的影响

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金属制品 2004年第B5期30卷 4-6页

作者： hiromu Izumida Norihito Yamao Nozomu Kawabe Teruyuki Murai 李居强姜岩

Cr-Si油淬火-回火钢丝作为气门簧钢丝已被广泛使用.对于抗拉强度为1 400～1 800 MPa的中碳钢,奥氏体晶粒愈细,疲劳强度愈高.本文对抗拉强度＞2 100 MPa高Si油回火钢丝的奥氏体晶粒度对疲劳强度的影响进行研究.

关键词：油淬火回火钢丝奥氏体晶粒度力学性能

液晶流动可视化方法研究拟似冲击波的内部超声速流动(英文)

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2005年第2期18卷 102-107页

作者：王东屏兆文忠杉山弘东条启 College of Mechanical Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University Dalian 116028 China Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Muroran Hokkaido 050-8585 Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Muroran Hokkaido 050-8585 Japan

在一个压力-真空超声速风洞中,剪切应力敏感液晶流动可视化技术被应用来研究方管内马赫数2拟似冲击波(pseudo shockwave)的超声速流动。它主要提供关于整个流动的定性信息,诸如湍流边界层分离、再附着位置以及流动的维数等。而且液晶也... 详细信息

在一个压力-真空超声速风洞中,剪切应力敏感液晶流动可视化技术被应用来研究方管内马赫数2拟似冲击波(pseudo shockwave)的超声速流动。它主要提供关于整个流动的定性信息,诸如湍流边界层分离、再附着位置以及流动的维数等。而且液晶也反映了表面流线,分离区内的涡流和管道流动的角效应。使用两种不同黏度的液晶分别进行实验,分析黏度对结果的影响。液晶实验的结果与纹影照片所得结果比较吻合,说明了液晶是一个非常有效的流动可视化工具。

关键词：表面流动可视化湍流边界层分离拟似冲击波冲击波/湍流边界层相互作用剪切敏感液晶角效应

IGF2 differentially methylated region hypomethylation in relation to pathological and molecular features of serrated lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 10050-10061页

作者： Takafumi Naito Katsuhiko Nosho Miki Ito Hisayoshi Igarashi Kei Mitsuhashi Shinji Yoshii Hironori Aoki Masafumi Nomura Yasutaka Sukawa Eiichiro Yamamoto Yasushi Adachi Hiroaki Takahashi Masao Hosokawa Masahiro Fujita Toshinao Takenouchi Reo Maruyama hiromu Suzuki Yoshifumi Baba Kohzoh Imai Hiroyuki Yamamoto Shuji Ogino Yasuhisa Shinomura Department of Gastroenterology Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologySapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital Center for Gastroenterology Teine-Keijinkai Hospital Department of Medical Oncolo-gy Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMA 02115United States Department of Surgery Keiyukai SapporoHospital Department of Pathology Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital Department of Molecular Biology Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical ScienceKumamoto University Division of Cancer Research The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSt.Marianna University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2)differentially methylated region(DMR)0 hypomethylation in relation to clinicopathological and molecular features in colorectal serrated lesions.METHODS:To accurately analyze the association between the histological types and molecular features of each type of serrated lesion,we consecutively collected1386 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens that comprised all histological types[hyperplastic polyps(HPs,n=121),sessile serrated adenomas(SSAs,n=132),traditional serrated adenomas(TSAs,n=111),non-serrated adenomas(n=195),and colorectal cancers(n=827)].We evaluated the methylation levels of IGF2 DMR0 and long interspersed nucleotide element-1(LINE-1)in HPs(n=115),SSAs(n=120),SSAs with cytological dysplasia(n=10),TSAs(n=91),TSAs with high-grade dysplasia(HGD)(n=15),non-serrated adenomas(n=80),non-serrated adenomas with HGD(n=105),and CRCs(n=794).For the accurate quantification of the relative methylation levels(scale 0%-100%)of IGF2 DMR0 and LINE-1,we used bisulfite pyrosequencing method.Tumor specimens were analyzed for microsatellite instability,KRAS(codons 12 and 13),BRAF(V600E),and PIK3CA(exons 9and 20)mutations;MLH1 and MGMT methylation;and IGF2 expression by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The distribution of the IGF2 DMR0 methylation level in 351 serrated lesions and 185 non-serrated adenomas(with or without HGD)was as follows:mean61.7,median 62.5,SD 18.0,range 5.0-99.0,interquartile range 49.5-74.4.The IGF2 DMR0 methylation level was divided into quartiles(Q1≥74.5,Q2 62.6-74.4,Q3 49.6-62.5,Q4≤49.5)for further analysis.With regard to the histological type,the IGF2 DMR0 methylation levels of SSAs(mean±SD,73.1±12.3)were significantly higher than those of HPs(61.9±20.5),TSAs(61.6±19.6),and non-serrated adenomas(59.0±15.8)(P<0.0001).The IGF2 DMR0 methylation level was inversely correlated with the IGF2 expression level(r=-0.21,P=0.0051).IGF2 DMR0 hypomethylation was less frequently detected in SSAs compared with HPs,TSAs,and non-serrated adenomas(P<0.0001

关键词： BRAF Colon polyp Colorectal neoplasia Colorectum G

The complete mitochondrial genomes of Gnathostoma doloresi from China and Japan

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The complete mitochondrial genomes of Gnathostoma doloresi f...