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An Analysis of the Women Commuters’ Satisfaction in the Public Bus Service in Bangladesh: A Survey on Local Buses in Major Cities

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第4期12卷 559-577页

作者： Ayesha Umme kojima Aya Kubota Hisashi Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan

Bangladesh is one of the most populated developing countries where public bus service plays a vital role as a public transport mode since it is easily available and cost-effective. In the social, commercial, educational, and administrative spheres, women’s participation in the labor force in economic enterprises is steadily expanding in the country. Very little research considers only women commuters to analyze the service quality of public buses and they selected only Dhaka city as a study area. However, a large number of trips were generated by women commuters in the industrial and commercial zones such as Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Dhaka. This paper ascertains the public bus service attributes that affect women commuters’ satisfaction as well as finds out the major problems of women commuters while traveling on public buses and the possible solutions to them. This survey included 766 women commuters from Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur who were interviewed face to face. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used as the instrument for identifying the service quality (SQ) attributes that influenced the women commuters’ satisfaction. A series of models were developed based on the trial-and-error method and the model M3 is selected as the best fit according to SEM fit indices values. The study’s main goal was to compile a list of service quality attributes that influence women commuters’ satisfaction. Major issues with the current public bus service in terms of safety and security, as well as remedies, were identified through discussions with experienced female commuters. These findings reveal that women commuters’ satisfaction is primarily influenced by safety and security, as well as the degree of comfort provided by bus service because they frequently encounter major safety and security issues on public buses and want an immediate remedy. This paper offers some potential strategies for addressing the issues, which may prompt policymakers to pay more attent

关键词： Public Bus Service Quality Women Commuters’ Satisfaction SEM

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Gap Analysis between Women Passengers’ Perception and Expectations about Bus Service: A Case Study on Bangladesh

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第2期12卷 258-285页

作者： Ayesha Umme kojima Aya Kubota Hisashi Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan

Since public bus service is frequently available and reasonably priced in major cities of Bangladesh including Dhaka, the capital city, a significant number of economically active women regularly commute to work utilizing public buses. Since female commuters experience unique challenges compared to their male counterparts, a gap analysis on the perception of men and women, as well as the difference between the female commuters’ perceptions and expectations, could help to pinpoint the issues. The aim of this paper is to determine the gap between female commuters’ perceptions and expectations of bus service quality in Bangladesh, as well as the current perception of both male and female passengers. In this paper, the data obtained is studied to determine the service quality needs which should be improved by analyzing the perception and expectation gaps for female passengers. SERVQUAL models were used to examine the disparities between perceptions and aspirations in Bangladesh’s major cities. Tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy are the five dimensions of SERVQUAL. The data for this study was collected from 1500 commuters in Bangladesh’s largest cities, including Dhaka, Gazipur, and Narayanganj. Primary data was gathered using a purpose-built questionnaire survey. The Gap values are negative in all dimensions, according to the findings of the study. In the data analysis, a negative gap value indicates that the expectation exceeds the perception. According to the gap analysis, the quality of bus service for passengers is insufficient. Bus service quality is seen and expected to be quite varied. It is vital to improve bus service to meet the needs of women. The findings could be valuable in planning future transportation policies that take female commuters’ needs into account.

关键词： Public Bus Public Transport Women Commuters Service Quality SERVQUAL Bangladesh Perceptions Expectations

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Exploring the Commuters’ Willingness-to-Pay and Its Influencing Factors for an Improved Public Bus Service in Dhaka City

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2023年第2期13卷 139-157页

作者： Ayesha Umme kojima Aya Kubota Hisashi Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan

Improved transportation services are a crucial component of urban growth, particularly in emerging cities like Dhaka. Ensuring an improved public bus service quality is a challenge for the city’s transport planners and policy makers. Nevertheless, this challenge can’t be met without the support of the residents of this city. This study intends to evaluate the commuters’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved and better public bus service quality in Dhaka city. It also attempts to explore the factors affecting the commuters’ WTP amounts. In order to accomplish the study’s goals, a stated preference survey was designed to enquire into the whys and wherefores of female passengers’ harassment on public buses and also to prefer some influential service quality features. WTP values of respondents were calibrated using binary and ordinal logistic models, and these models were developed using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for better service facilities, and they point to security as the most important factor in determining how much extra fare commuters are willing to pay. The results also demonstrate that commuters’ WTP amounts are highly influenced by the respondents’ monthly income. Results from this study have important policy implications, such as protecting women’s safety on public transportation and taking commuters’ socio-demographic characteristics into account before enacting any legislation or increasing fares.

关键词： WTP Public Bus Harassment Improved Service Quality Security Socio-Demographic Features

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BDNF pro-peptide：a novel synaptic modulator generated as an N-terminal fragment from the BDNF precursor by proteolytic processing

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第7期12卷 1024-1027页

作者： Toshiyuki Mizui Koji Ohira Masami kojima Biomedical Research Inst. (BMD) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Osaka Japan Laboratory of Nutritional Brain Science Department of Food Science and Nutrition Mukogawa Women's University Hyogo Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Science and Technology Agency (JST) KawaguchiJapan Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience Osaka University Suita Japan

Most growth factors are initially synthesized as precursors and it was cleaved into bioactive mature domain and ***,compared with the expression and function of bioactive mature domain,the biological role of the pro-domain is poorly ***,we found that the pro-domain（or pro-peptide）of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）,which is well-known neurotrophic factor in brain,has a potential ability to facilitate hippocampal long-term ***,a BDNF polymorphism Val66Met,which substitute valine into methionine at 66 amino acid,impacted the biological activity of the BDNF *** lastly discuss the possible roles of BDNF and its pro-peptide in the generation of neural stem cells and progress of ischemia.

关键词： BDNF growth factor neural stem cells ischemia peptide

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Evaluating the Effects of Crystallinity on Drug Release Behaviour in Itraconazole- or Miconazole-Loaded PLGA Microparticles Prepared Using a Co-Grinding Method

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第9期14卷 348-362页

作者： Kazuhiro Matsuura Honami kojima Miyako Yoshida Takahiro Uchida Formulation Technology Research Laboratories Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. Hiratsuka Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Mukogawa Women’s University Nishinomiya Japan

This study aimed to prepare and characterize itraconazole (ITCZ)- or miconazole (MCZ)-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles (MP) using a co-grinding method with ball milling, which is a solvent-free and convenient procedure. PLGA MP was prepared by grinding for 60 min, and the fixed theoretical drug loading was set at 9.1% and 16.7% for both drugs. The obtained loading efficiency for both drugs was estimated to be approximately 100%. The average diameters of the drug-loaded PLGA MP were approximately 20 - 35 μm. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed amorphization of ITCZ and MCZ in ITCZ- or MCZ-loaded PLGA MP in all formulations. The drug release percentage from 9.1%-loaded ITCZ-PLGA7505 MP at 24 h was almost 50%, which was higher than that of ITCZ powder. The drug release percentage from MCZ-loaded PLGA7505 MP at 4 h was over 80%, which was higher than that of MCZ powder. This enhancement of release rate is caused by the amorphization of ITCZ or MCZ in the PLGA matrix. MCZ-loaded PLGA7510 MP showed a sustained release profile up to 24 h, suggesting that MCZ exists in an amorphous form in the PLGA matrix;however, the release rate declined owing to the large molecular weight of PLGA. Therefore, the release enhancement of antifungal drugs loaded on PLGA MP could be achieved by their amorphization using a co-grinding method with ball milling.

关键词： Co-Grinding Method Ball Milling Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) Itraconazole Miconazole Amorphization

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Dynamical model of HEV with two planetary gear units and its application to optimization of energy consumption

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第12期62卷 194-206页

作者： Jiangyan ZHANG Shota INUZUKA Takafumi kojima Tielong SHEN Junichi KAKO College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Dalian Minzu University Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia University Higashi-Fuji Research Center Toyota Motor Corporation

A hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) that uses multiple planetary gear units with clutches as transmission system is advanced for the powertrain performance, because the operation of the clutches can lead to distinct operating modes, and the induced possible operating modes provide additional freedom to deal with the energy optimal control problem. Under each operating mode, the powertrain mechanical system has specific dynamical behavior. In order to develop model-based optimization schemes that can tackle the transient operations of the vehicle, exact dynamical modeling is investigated focusing on a hybrid powertrain system that uses a two-planetary-gear transmission box with two clutches. It shows that according to the states of the two clutches, the powertrain system has the power-split mode, parallel mode and the electric vehicle(EV) mode. Finally, an analysis for the calculation of the desired driving torque and its application to the dynamic programming(DP)-based energy management indicate the significance of the developed exact dynamical models.

关键词： hybrid electric vehicle two-planetary-gear modeling energy management dynamic programming

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HYDRATION AND PHASE SEPARATION OF TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2011年第1期29卷 13-21页

作者： Fumihiko Tanaka Tsuyoshi Koga Hiroyuki kojima Francoise M.Winnik Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy University of Montréal

Collapse of a poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）（PNIPAM） chain upon heating and phase diagrams of aqueous PNIPAM solutions with very fiat LCST phase separation line are theoretically studied on the basis of cooperative dehydration （simultaneous dissociation of bound water molecules in a group of correlated sequence）, and compared with the experimental observation of temperature-induced coil-globule transition by light scattering methods. The transition becomes sharper with the cooperativity parameter σ of hydration. Reentrant coil-globule-coil transition in mixed solvent of water and methanol is also studied from the viewpoint of competitive hydrogen bonds between polymer-water and polymer-methanol. The downward shift of the cloud-point curves （LCST cononsolvency） with the mole fraction of methanol due to the competition is calculated and compared with the experimental data. Aqueous solutions of hydophobically-modified PNIPAM carrying short alkyl chains at both chain ends （telechelic PNIPAM） are theoretically and experimentally studied. The LCST of these solutions is found to shift downward along the sol-gel transition curve as a result of end-chain association （association-induced phase separation）, and separate from the coil-globule transition line. Associated structures in the solution, such as flower micelles, mesoglobules and higher fractal assembly, are studied by USANS with theoretical modeling of the scattering function.

关键词： Cooperative dehydration LCST phase separation Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Cononsolvency Coil-globule transition Flower micelle.

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FEM analysis for hot rolling process of AM60 alloy

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第A1期18卷 242-246页

作者：丁汉材 KANAMORI Nao HONMA Tomoyuki KAMADO Shigeharu kojima Yo Department of Mechanical Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology 1603-1 Kamitomioka Nagaoka Niigata 940-2188 Japan

The rolling of AM60 sheets for 50%reduction was analyzed with DEFORM to investigate the hot deformation process. The simulated results show that the sheet velocities at the entrance(21 mm/s) and at the exit(37 mm/s) are less and larger than roll velocity,*** the entrance to the neutral point,the velocity at the sheet surface is greater than that at the middle point of sheet in thickness,while that from the neutral point to the exit shows the opposite *** effective strain of the sheet increases from the entrance to the exit due to the continuous reduction in *** addition,the effective strain at the sheet surface reaches to 1.0 and is larger than that of 0.8 at the middle point of *** difference of effective strain in thickness direction has a much stronger effect on the recrystallized fraction than on the recrystallized grain *** minimum temperature of 347℃is obtained at the surface contacting directly with roll and the maximum temperature 388℃at the middle point of sheet in thickness.

关键词： AM60镁合金流动性有限元分析 FEM

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SNOM Observations of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Metal Heterostructures

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第10期24卷 2827-2829页

作者： KITAZAWA Tazuko MIYANISHI Shintaro MURAKAMI Yoshiteru kojima Kunio TAKAHASHI Akira Advanced Technology Research Laboratories SHARP CORPORATION 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho Tenri Nara Japan

We observe surface plasmon polariton （SPP） refraction on a metal heterostructured sample with a scattered-type scanning near-field optical microscope （SNOM）. The sample consists of AI and Au in-plane whose boundary is smooth enough with proper etching time. SPPs excited on the AI film travel to the boundary and a portion of SPPs propagates into the Au film. In addition, interference fringes appear in the SNOM image bent at the boundary. The result is analysed with effective index method and the refracted angle is explained by Shell＇s law.

关键词： LIGHT

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Hydrogen Effect on Coke Removal and Catalytic Performance in Pre-Carburization and Methane Dehydro-Aromatization Reaction on Mo/HZSM-5

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2005年第3期14卷 129-139页

作者： Ryoichi kojima Satoshi Kikuchi Masaru Ichikawa Catalysis Research Center Hokkaido University N-21 W-10 Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan Catalysis Research Center Hokkaido University N-21 W-10 Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan Catalysis Research Center Hokkaido University N-21 W-10 Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan

In this study, the effects of pre-carburization of catalyst, hydrogen addition to methane feed and the space velocity of methane on the catalytic performance in methane to benzene （MTB） reaction were discussed in detail over Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst at 1023 K and 0.3 MPa. Compared with the non-precarburized catalyst, the Mo catalyst pre-carburized under the flow of CHa＋4H2 at 973 K was found to have the higher activity and better stability. Further 6% H2 addition to the methane feed suppressed the aromatic type of coke formation effectively, and improved the stability of catalyst markedly, moreover gave a much longer reaction life of catalyst （53 h at 1023 K and 5400 ml/（g-h）） and much more formation amounts of benzene and hydrogen. With increase of methane space velocity, both the naphthalene formation selectivity and the coke formation selectivity were decreased by the shortened contact time; the benzene formation selectivity and total formation amount before the complete deactivation of catalyst were increased markedly, while the total naphthalene and coke formation amounts did not change much. At high methane space velocity （≥5400 ml/（g·h））, a new middle temperature coke derived from the high temperature aromatic coke was formed on the catalyst; all the coke formed could be burnt off at lower temperature in oxygen, compared with those obtained at low space velocity. Considering the benzene formation amount and catalyst stability together, 5400 ml/（g·h） was proved to be the most efficient methane space velocity for benzene production.

关键词： methane dehydro-aromatization pre-carburization space velocity H2 addition benzene formation amount aromatic coke

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