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英国皇家内科医师学会考试题解

英国皇家内科医师学会考试题解

Effect of fiber orientation in uni-directional glass epoxy laminate using acoustic emission monitoring

作者： (英)r.·盖布利(r. Gabriel) c.M.·盖布利(c.M. Gabriel)

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第5期24卷 351-364页

作者： V.Arumugam S.Barath Kumar c.Santulli A.Joseph Stanley Department of Aerospace Engineering Anna University Department of chemical Engineering Materials and EnvironmentUniversità La Sapienza MIT campus Anna University

Acoustic emission （AE） can be used for in situ structural health monitoring of the composite laminates. One of the main issues of AE is to characterize different damage mechanisms from the detected AE signals. In the present work, pure resin and GFrP composites laminates with different stacking sequences such as 0°, 90°, angle ply[±45°], cross-ply [0°/90°] are used to trigger different failure mechanisms when subjected to tensile test with AE monitoring. The study of failure mechanisms is facilitated by the choice of different oriented specimens in which one or two such mechanisms predominate. range of peak frequencies in each orientation is investigated using FFT analysis. Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） enabled calculating the frequency content of each damage mechanism. randomly selected hits from each range of peak frequencies for the specimens with different orientations subjected to tensile test with AE monitoring are analyzed using short time FFT （STFFT） analysis. STFFT analysis is used to highlight the possible failure mechanism associated with each signal. The predominance of failure modes in each orientation is useful in the study of discrimination of failure modes in composite laminates from AE data.

关键词： composite materials Failure mechanisms Acoustic emissionFFT analysis STFFT analysis

Assessing reservoir connectivity with pressure/rate surveillance data

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1077-1086页

作者： G.F.J.Al-Khmaysawee Z.reza c.S.Kabir Missouri University of Sci.&Tech. RollaMOUSA University of Oklahoma NormanOKUSA Incendium Technologies Round RockTXUSA

Estimating reservoir connectivity is critical for assessing infill-drilling prospects and initiating fluid injection in enhanced oil recovery operations. Several methods have appeared in the literature over decades to meet these business needs, given that all tools, including seismic imaging, have limitations. Besides imaging, geochemical fingerprinting constitutes a powerful tool to gauge the compartmentalization question. However, real-time pressure/rate surveillance data allows assessing interwell connectivity vis-à-vis the overall drainage *** study presents a simplified approach to using the reciprocal-productivity index (rPI) vs. the total-material-balance time (tTMB) plot. This tool exhibits the same slope for those wells in the same compartment beyond the start of the boundary-dominated flow (BDF) period. The wells showing different slopes imply that they are in separate drainage volumes. The early-time transient period remains muted to minimize confusion on this c.r.esian plot. We validated the proposed tool's efficacy with 2D and 3D models with increased degrees of reservoir complexity, followed by the verification phase with four field examples. The use of other analytical tools complemented our findings.

关键词： reservoir compartmentalization reciprocal-productivity index Total material-balance time Analysis of boundary-dominated flow period

Viral hepatitis in 2021:The challenges remaining and how we should tackle them

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第1期28卷 76-95页

作者： rebecca Dunn Aaron Wetten Stuart McPherson Mhairi c Donnelly Gastroenterology University Hospital of North TeesStockton on Tees TS198PEUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Freeman HospitalNewcastle NE77DNUnited Kingdom Translational and clinical research Institute Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE17RUUnited Kingdom

Viral hepatitis results in 1.4 million deaths *** World Health Organization(WHO)set an ambitious target to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030,but significant challenges *** include inequalities in access to healthc.r.,reaching at risk populations and providing access to screening and effective *** around viral hepatitis persists and must be *** WHO goal of global elimination by 2030 is a worthy aim,but remains ambitious and the c.r.navirus 2019 pandemic undoubtedly has set back *** review article will focus on hepatitis A to E,highlighting problems that have been resolved in the field over the past decade,those that remain to be resolved and suggest directions for future problem solving and research.

关键词： Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis c Hepatitis D Hepatitis E cOVID-19

Spec.r.scopy framework and review of characterization of energy resource sites

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第2期3卷 147-159页

作者： c.Tohm T.Bheemasetti P.Diwakar Department of civil&Environmental Engineering South Dakota School of MinesRapid CitySDUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering South Dakota School of MinesRapid CitySDUS

Site characterization and rapid reliable identification of energy resources play a key role for future efficient energy *** the last several decades,many laboratory and in-situ techniques were developed to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the sites and *** the advancements,there are still many challenges associated with exploration,rapid detection,and spatial interpolation of the energy resources within a *** techniques offer solutions to the c.r.ent ongoing efforts on site characterization,exploration and collection of resources,quality control monitoring during production,and reclamation of the production sites due to environmental *** analysis has shown great promise in providing in-situ measurements that are comparable to arduous laboratory physio-chemical *** is a fairly new technology in some sectors and has seen limited use but has shown great potential in exceeding the minimum standards *** paper presents review of the c.r.ent spec.r.scopy techniques that have been used in the agriculture,landfill,nuclear power,mining,and ground contamination industries with respect to the production of energy.A general overview of how spec.r.l analysis techniques are being used to benefit each of these sectors along with some of the drawbacks associated with each is *** frameworks including basic process,operation flowchart,minimum number of tests to be performed,and information on spatial interpolation analysis are *** frameworks along with the basic processes can be implemented for characterization of energy resource sites。

关键词： Spec.r.scopy Energy resources Spec.r.l analysis In-situ testing Site characterization

On Systems of Boundary Value Problems for Differential Inclusions

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 549-556页

作者： Lynn ErBE c.r.stopher c.TISDELL Patricia J.Y.WONG Department of Mathematics The University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588-0130USA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia School of Elec.r.cal and Elec.r.nic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyan9 AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Herein we consider the existence of solutions to second-order, two-point boundary value problems （BVPs） for systems of ordinary differential inclusions. Some new Bernstein-Nagumo conditions are presented that ensure a priori bounds on the derivative of solutions to the differential inclusion. These a priori bound results are then applied, in conjunction with appropriate topological methods, to prove some new existence theorems for solutions to systems of BVPs for differential inclusions. The new conditions allow of the treatment of systems of BVPs without growth restrictions.

关键词： boundary value problem, systems of differential inclusions, existence of solutions a priori bounds Bernstein-Nagumo condition

Female breast canc.r.in Vietnam: a comparison across Asian specific.r.gions

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canc.r.Biology & Medicine 2015年第3期12卷 238-245页

作者： Phuong Dung (Yun) Trieu claudia Mello-Thoms Patrick c. Brennan Faculty of Health Sciences University of Sydney

Breast canc.r.is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the leading cause of canc.r.death of women over the world. A large number of females with breast canc.r.in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian(SEA) countries present at an early age with more aggressive tumors compared with women in Australia. Despite experiencing a low incidence rate, the increasing incidence rate among SEA countries exceeds that of the Westernized world. changes in reproductive factors, environmental exposures, and lifestyle are the possible causes of this trend. However, limited evidence shows that these factors are associated with breast canc.r.in the Vietnamese population. Breast canc.r.incidence rates within Vietnam are not uniform and appear to be dependent on geographic location. Findings from this review have important implications for breast canc.r.control and treatment in Vietnam. A good understanding of the morphology of the breast and the type and nature of breast canc.r. presenting in Vietnam is required to facilitate the introduction of an effective national breast screening program.

关键词： Breast cancer Vietnam Southeast Asia (SEA) Australia

The significance of clinical practice guidelines on adult varicocele detection and management

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 269-275,J0006,J0007页

作者： Anand Shridharani ryan c Owen Osama O Elkelany Edward D Kim Department of Urology University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga TN 37403 USA Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine Knoxville TN 37920 USA.

Varicoceles are the most common c.r.ectable etiology of male factor infertility. However, the detection and management of varicoceles have not been standardized. This has led to decades of debate regarding the effect of varicocele on male infertility and subsequently whether repair leads to an improved fertility status. The c.r.ent body of evidence investigating the role of varicocele and varicocelectomy is weak and conflicting. The stance taken by the AUA and ASrM suggests that there is insufficient outcomes data to support evidenced-based guidelines, citing evidence used to provide c.r.ent recommendations are generally of a low quality level. On the other hand, the EAU Guidelines give a level la of evidence for management of varicoceles that are clinically palpable, associated with subnormal semen analyses and having otherwise unexplained fertility. Besides aiding with clinical varicocele detection and management, clinical practice opinion statements and guidelines aim to direct and strengthen the infrastructure of future studies. We review the c.r.ent status of opinion statements and guidelines in varicocele and management detection with focus on their application in practice.

关键词： guidelines varicocele varicocele detection varicocele management varicocelectomy

Update of endoscopy in liver disease:More than just treating varices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第5期18卷 401-411页

作者： c.r.stoforos Krystallis Gail S Masterton Peter c Hayes John N Plevris centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders The Royal InfirmaryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

The management of complications in liver disease is often complex and *** has undergone a period of rapid expansion with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver *** this review,relevant literature search and expert opinions have been used to provide a brief overview and update of the c.r.ent endoscopic management of patients with liver disease and portal *** main areas covered are safety of endoscopy in patients with liver disease,the use of standard endoscopy for the treatment of varices and the role of new endoscopic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound,esophageal capsule,argon plasma coagulation,spyglass and endomicroscopy in the investigation and treatment of liver-related gastrointestinal and biliary *** is clear that the role of the endoscopy in liver disease is well beyond that of just treating *** the technology in endoscopy expands,so does the role of the endoscopist in liver disease.

关键词： c.r.hosis Portal hypertension Varices En-doscopic ultrasound Esophageal capsule Endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography Endomicros-copy Spyglass