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Comparison of Deep Learning Architectures for Late Blight and Early Blight Disease Detection on Potatoes

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第5期12卷 723-743页

作者： Soumo Emmanuel Arnaud Ndeda Rehema Shohei aoki Murungi Lucy Kananu Department of Mechatronics Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Horticulture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Potato late blight and early blight are common hazards to the long-term production of potatoes, impacting many farmers around the world, particularly in Africa. Early detection and treatment of the potato blight disease are critical for promoting healthy potato plant growth and ensuring adequate supply and food security for the fast-growing population. As a result, machine-driven disease detection systems may be able to overcome the constraints of traditional leaf disease diagnosis procedures, which are generally time-consuming, inaccurate, and costly. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been shown to be effective in a variety of agricultural applications. CNNs have been shown to be helpful in detecting disease in plants because of their capacity to analyze vast volumes of data quickly and reliably. However, the method hasn’t been widely used in the detection of potato late blight and early blight diseases, which reduce yields significantly. The goal of this study was to compare six cutting-edge CNN architectural models, taking into account transfer learning for training and four hyperparameters. The CNN architectures evaluated were AlexNet, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, DenseNet121, EfficientNet b7, and VGG19. Likewise, the hyperparameters analyzed were the number of epochs, the batch size, the optimizer, and the learning rate. An open-source dataset containing 4082 images was used. The DenseNet121 architecture with a batch of 32 and a Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimizer with a learning rate of 0.01 produced the best performance, with an accuracy of 98.34% and a 97.37% f1-score. The DenseNet121 model was shown to be useful in developing computer vision systems that aid farmers in improving their disease management systems for potato cultivation.

关键词： Image Classification Convolutional Neural Networks Transfer Learning Hyperparameters

Bonding formation and gas absorption using Au/Pt/Ti layers for vacuum packaging

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 139-147页

作者： Shingo Kariya Takashi Matsumae Yuichi Kurashima hideki Takagi Masanori Hayase Eiji Higurashi Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo University of ScienceChiba 278-8510Japan Device Technology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyIbaraki 305-8564Japan

In this study,we developed a metal multilayer that can provide hermetic sealing after degassing the assemblies and absorbing the residual gases in the package.A package without a leak path was obtained by the direct bonding of the Au/Pt/Ti *** packaging,annealing at 450°C caused thermal diffusion of the Ti underlayer atoms to the inner surface,which led to absorption of the residual gas *** results indicated that a wafer coated with a Au/Pt/Ti layer can provide hermetic sealing and absorb residual gases,which can simplify vacuum packaging processes in the electronics industry.

关键词： vacuum absorption sealing

Influence of contamination on banded iron formations in the Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland: Reevaluation of the Eoarchean seawater compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1049-1072页

作者： Shogo aoki Chiho Kabashima Yasuhiro Kato Takafumi Hirata Tsuyoshi Komiya Department of Earth Science and Astronomy The University of Tokyo Frontier Research Center for Energy and Resources School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo Department of Systems Innovation School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo Ocean Resources Research Center for Next Generation Chiba Institute of Technology Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC) Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University

Banded Iron Formations（BIFs） are chemical sediments, ubiquitously distributed in the Precambrian supracrustal belts; thus their trace element compositions are helpful for deciphering geochemical evolution on the Earth through time. However, it is necessary to elucidate factors controlling the whole-rock compositions in order to decode the ancient seawater compositions because their compositions are highly variable. We analyzed major and trace element contents of the BIFs in the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua supracrustal belt（ISB）, southern West Greenland. The BIFs are petrographically classified into four types：Black-,Gray-, Green-and White-types, respectively. The Green-type BIFs contain more amphiboles, and are significantly enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, heavy rare earth element（HREE） and U contents. However,their bulk compositions are not suitable for estimate of seawater composition because the enrichment was caused by secondary mobility of metamorphic Mg, Ca and Si-rich fluid, involvement of carbonate minerals and silicate minerals of olivine and pyroxene and/or later silicification or contamination of volcanic and clastic materials. The White-type BIFs are predominant in quartz, and have lower transition element and REE contents. The Gray-type BIFs contain both quartz and magnetite. The Black-type BIFs are dominated by magnetite, and contain moderate to high transition element and REE contents. But,positive correlations of V, Ni, Zn and U contents with Zr contents suggest that involvement of detrital,volcanic and exhalative materials influences on their contents. The evidence for significant influence of the materials on the transition element contents such as Ni in the BIFs indicates the transition element contents in the Archean ocean were much lower than previously estimated. We reconstructed secular variations of V,Co, Zn and U contents of BIFs through time, which show Ni and Co contents decreased whereas V, Zn and U contents increased through time. Especially, the Ni

关键词： Banded iron formations Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt Bioessential elements Seawater compositions

Thermodynamics-inspired inverse halftoning via multiple halftone images

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智能系统学报 2012年第1期7卷 86-94页

作者： SAIKA Yohei aoki Toshizumi Department of Information and Computer Engineering Gunma National College of Technology580 ToribaMaebashi371-8530Japan Department of Natural Science Gunma National College of Technology580 ToribaMaebashi371-8530Japan

Based on an analogy between thermodynamics and Bayesian inference,inverse halftoning was formulated using multiple halftone images based on Bayesian inference using the maximizer of the posterior marginal(MPM) *** Monte Carlo simulation to a set of snapshots of the Q-Ising model,it was demonstrated that optimal performance is achieved around the Bayes-optimal condition within statistical uncertainty and that the performance of the Bayes-optimal solution is superior to that of the maximum-a-posteriori(MAP) estimation which is a deterministic limit of the MPM *** properties were qualitatively confirmed by the mean-field theory using an infinite-range model established in statistical ***,a practical and useful method was constructed using the statistical mechanical iterative method via the Bethe *** simulations for a 256-grayscale standard image show that Bethe approximation works as good as the MPM estimation if the parameters are set appropriately.

关键词： inverse halftoning statistical mechanics Monte Carlo simulation Bethe approximation

Radiometric Zircon Ages of a Tuff Sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation,Jiayin:A Contribution to the Search for the K-T Boundary in Heilongjian River Area,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1351-1358页

作者： SUZUKI Shigeyuki SUN Ge Ulrich KNITTEL DANHARA Tohru IWANO hideki Department of Earth Sciences Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan Key-Lab for Evolution of Past Life and Environment MEC Jilin University Changchun 130026 China Paleontological Institute of Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034 China Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Taipei 106 China Clay andlnterface Mineralogy RWTHAaehen University Germany Kyoto Fission-Track Co. Ltd. 44-4 Minamitajiri-eho Omiya Kita-ku Kyoto 603-8832 Japan

The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary （K/T） boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma （U-Pb） and 61.7±1.8 Ma （fission-track dating） were obtained, which allow reevaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.

关键词： U-Pb dating fission-track dating Baishantou section K/T boundary Danian Heilongjiang River area

MnO/N—C anode materials for lithium-ion batteries prepared by cotton-templated combustion synthesis

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Green Energy & Environment 2017年第4期2卷 377-386页

作者： Cheng-Gong Han Chunyu Zhu Yoshitaka aoki Hiroki Habazaki Tomohiro Akiyama Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University

We herein report a facile one-pot synthesis of MnO/N-doped carbon(N—C) composites via a sustainable cotton-template glycineenitrate combustion synthesis to yield superior anode materials for Li ion batteries. MnO nanoparticles with several nanometers were well-embedded in a porous N-doped carbon matrix. It displays the unique characteristics, including the shortened Li^+-ion transport path, increased contact areas with the electrolyte solution, inhibited volume changes and agglomeration of nanoparticles, as well as good conductivity and structural stability during the cycling process, thereby benefiting the superior cycling performance and rate capability. This favorable electrochemical performance of obtained MnO/N—C composites via a one-pot biomass-templated glycine/nitrate combustion synthesis renders the suitability as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

关键词： Biomass Cotton Manganese oxide Lithium ion battery Porous carbon

Three-Dimensional Rainbow Schlieren Measurements in Underexpanded Sonic Jets from Axisymmetric Convergent Nozzles

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第1期25卷 78-83页

作者： Hirofumi TAKANO Daiyu KAMIKIHARA Daisuke ONO Shinichiro NAKAO hideki YAMAMOTO Yoshiaki MIYAZATO The University of Kitakyushu 1-1WakamatsuKitakyushuFukuoka808-0135Japan The University of Kitakyushu 1-1WakamatsuKitakyushuFukuoka808-0135Japan

The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the schlieren CT have been performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 by using an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the exit where the nozzle was operated at an underexpanded condition. Multidirectional rainbow schlieren pictures of an underexpanded sonic jet can be acquired by rotating the nozzle about its longitudinal axis in equal angular intervals and the three-dimensional density fields are reconstructed by the schlieren CT. The validity of the schlieren CT is verified by a comparison with the density fields reconstructed by the Abel inversion method. As a result, it is found that excellent quantitative agreement is reached between the three-dimensional jet density fields reconstructed from both methods.

关键词：纹影照片射流冲击收敛喷管轴对称三维膨胀彩虹音速

Expression of the Japanese oak silkworm Antheraea yamamai fibroin gene in the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2009年第6期16卷 465-473页

作者： Isao Kobayashi Katsura Kojima hideki Sezutsu Keiro Uchino Toshiki Tamura Transgenic Silkworm Research Center Silk Materials Research Unit National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ibaraki Japan

To understand the evolutionary conservation ofthe gene expression mechanism and secretion machinery between Antheraea and Bombyx fibroins, we introduced the genomic A. yamamai fibroin gene into the domesticated silkworm, B. mori. The spliced A. yamamai fibroin mRNA appeared only in the posterior region of the silk gland of the transgenic silkworm, suggesting that the functions of the fibroin promoter region and the splicing machinery are conserved between these two species. The A. yamarnai fibroin protein was detected in the lumen of the silk gland of the transgenic silkworm, albeit at lower levels compared with the B. mori-type fibroin. We found a strong degeneration of the posterior region of the silk gland of the transgenic silkworm. As a result, the cocoon shell weight was much lower in the transgenic silkworm than in the non-transgenic line. These results indicate that the promoter function and splicing machinery are well conserved between A. yamamai and B. mori but that the secretion mechanism of fibroin is diversified between the two.

关键词： Antheraea yamamai Bombyx mori evolution fibroin silk transgenic

Human protamines and the developing spermatid: their structure, function, expression and relationshipwith male infertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第4期5卷 315-324页

作者： Vincent W. aoki Douglas T. Carrell Andrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USAAndrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

During spermiogenesis, the protamine proteins play an integral role in spermatid chromatin compaction. Recent research has focused on many facets of protamine biology, including protamine gene and protein structure/ function relationships, mechanisms of protamine expression regulation and involvement of the protamines in male fertility. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the structure and function of the protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2) proteins and genes, the expression and regulation of these genes and the relationship between the protamines and male fertility. In addition, we offer a brief outlook on future investigation into protamine proteins.

关键词： protamines spermatids male infertility spermatid transition proteins