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Soil Carbon Dynamics Under Changing Climate A Research Transition from Absolute to Relative Roles of Inorganic Nitrogen Pools and Associated Microbial Processes:A Review

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 792-806页

作者： pratap srivastava rishikesh singh sachchidanand tripathi pardeep singh shikha singh hema singh akhilesh singh raghubanshi pradeep kumar mishra department of chemical engineering and technology indian institute of technologybanaras hindu universityVaranasi 221005(India) institute of environment&sustainable development(iesd) banaras hindu universityVaranasi 221005(India) department of botany deen dayal upadhyaya collegeuniversity of delhiNew Delhi 110015(India) department of environmental studies pannalal girdharlal dayanand anglo-vedic collegeuniversity of delhiNew Delhi 110065(India) ecosystems analysis laboratory department of botanyinstitute of sciencebanaras hindu universityVaranasi 221005(India)

It is globally accepted that soil carbon （C） dynamics are at the core of interlinked environmental problems, deteriorating soil quality and changing climate. Its management remains a complex enigma for the scientific community due to its intricate relationship with soil nitrogen （N） availability and moisture-temperature interactions. This article reviews the management aspects of soil C dynamics in light of recent advances, particularly in relation to the availability of inorganic N pools and associated microbial processes under changing climate. Globally, drastic alterations in soil C dynamics under changing land use and management practices have been primarily attributed to the variation in soil N availability, resulting in a higher decomposition rate and a considerable decline in soil organic C （SOC） levels due to increased soil CO2 emissions, degraded soil quality, and increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, leading to climate warming. Predicted climate warming is proposed to enhance SOC decomposition, which may further increase soil N availability, leading to higher soil CO2 effiux. However, a literature survey revealed that soil may also act as a potential C sink, if we could manage soil inorganic N pools and link microbial processes properly. Studies also indicated that the relative, rather than the absolute, availability of inorganic N pools might be of key importance under changing climate, as these N pools are variably affected by moisture-temperature interactions, and they have variable impacts on SOC turnover. Therefore, multi-factorial studies are required to understand how the relative availability of inorganic N pools and associated microbial processes may determine SOC dynamics for improved soil C management.

关键词： agro-management immobilization NH4+-N to NO3-N ratio nitrification relative availability soil C02 effiux

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Luminescence Dating and Bracketing Time of the Youngest Toba Tuff Deposits in the Quaternary Sediments of Purna Alluvial Basin,Central India

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 1007-1016页

作者： singh Ajab K.Srivastava Ashok chauhan Naveen Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Geology SGB Amravati UniversityAmravati 444602India Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad 380009India

Light gray to yellowish brown youngest Toba tuff(YTT)ash,preserved in the Quaternary sediments of India,have been used as a tool to know depositional and bracketing time period of the same in the sediments through applications of luminescence dating to interpret age connotation of various geological ***-and post-tephra sediments of YTT ash beds from Hudki and Sukali areas of Purna alluvial basin,Central India have been optically dated to interpret the depositional age and bracketing time of the tephra within sedimentary *** sediments are yellowish brown,thinly bedded,laminated,silty clay and host laterally extend discontinued beds of 0.15–0.20 m *** ash is light gray,fine grained and powdery in nature,massive to structureless and lacks any sign of retransportation and redeposition,hence,considered as primary in *** four sediment samples,one each from pre-and post-tephra lithounits of both the localities have been dated through optically stimulated luminescence technique(OSL)equipped with single aliquot regenerative(SAR)procedure on the feldspar *** shows pre-and post-tephra ages of 57±5 and 70±4 ka respectively for Hudki and 66±5 and 67±4 ka for Sukali *** depositional ages suggest that the ash was bracketed within sediments thousands years after YTT *** is correlatable with the previously reported depositional and absolute ages for the YTT ash from the localities of Ghoghara and Khuntheli,Son Valley;Tejpur,Madhumati River Basin and Jwalapuram,Jurreru *** ages also provide an idea about the period of existence of biological communities represented by the remains of faunal and vegetational activities before and during settlement of the YTT ash in the basin area.

关键词： youngest Toba tuff Tephra optically stimulated luminescence Quaternary sediments depositional age

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Effect of invasion by Hyptis suaveolens on plant diversity and selected soil properties of a constructed tropical grassland

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第5期11卷 751-760页

作者： Talat Afreen Pratap Srivastava hema singh Jamuna Sharan singh Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory Department of BotanyInstitute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Aims Hyptis suaveolens(L.)Poit is an important invader of the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the *** our study,it has been inves-tigated that how does the *** invasion regulate plant spe-cies diversity across the seasons in the dry tropical *** hypothesized that a shift in soil inorganic-N availability is caused by invasion,and this shift is integral to access the invasion effect on plant *** The study was performed in experimental plots at the Botanical Garden of the Banaras Hindu University(25°16′3.3″N and 82°59′22.7″E),Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh,*** replicates(each,2×2m)of non-invaded grassland plots(NIG)and five grassland plots invaded with ***(IG)were *** plots were constructed by transplanting indigenous grassland patches from an adjacent native *** the invaded plots,20 indi-viduals of *** were transplanted per *** 1 year of establishment,diversity attributes and soil properties were recorded from these plots in three seasons as per standard *** Findings The results indicated that Hyptis invasion negatively affects plant diversity,with relatively higher impact in rainy season as compared to the winter *** exhibited lower soil mois-ture content and temperature than NIG in rainy season,whereas soil ammonium-N,nitrate-N,total inorganic-N,N mineralization registered higher values for IG than NIG in both rainy and win-ter *** indices were negatively correlated with soil inorganic-N pool and N ***,these indices were positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon(MBC),and the correlation coefficient for this relationship was higher for rainy season as compared to *** richness(r=0.65)and Shannon diversity(r=0.757)were significantly correlated with the ratio of ammonium-N to *** negative effect of invasion by *** on the plant diversity is possibly mediated by the effect of invasion on N min

关键词： dry tropical grassland diversity Hyptis suaveolens mineralization soil ammonium to nitrate ratio

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Phytochemicals targeting NF-kB signaling:Potential anti-cancer interventions

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第3期12卷 394-405页

作者： Akansha chauhan Asim Ul Islam Hridayesh Prakash Sandhya singh Amity Institute of Physiology&Allied Sciences Amity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia Amity Institute of Virology&Immunology Amity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia

Nuclear factor kB(NF-kB)is a ubiquitous regulator of the signalome and is indispensable for various biological cell ***-kB consists of five transcription factors that execute both cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling processes in ***-kB is the only signaling molecule that governs both pro-and antiapoptotic,and pro-and anti-inflammatory *** is due to the canonical and non-canonical components of the NF-kB signaling ***,these pathways orchestrate cancer-related inflammation,hyperplasia,neoplasia,and ***-canonical NF-kB pathways are particularly involved in the chemoresistance of cancer *** view of its pivotal role in cancer progression,NF-kB represents a potentially significant therapeutic target for modifying tumor cell *** phytochemicals are known to modulate NF-kB pathways through the stabilization of its inhibitor,IkB,by inhibiting phosphorylation and ubiquitination *** natural pharmacophores are known to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-kB and associated pro-inflammatory responses and cell survival *** view of this and the high degree of specificity exhibited by various phytochemicals for the NF-kB component,we herein present an in-depth overview of these phytochemicals and discuss their mode of interaction with the NF-kB signaling pathways for controlling the fate of tumor cells for cancerdirected interventions.

关键词： Cancer Transcription factor Phytochemicals Inflammation Chemoprevention

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siRNA-mediated downregulation of TC21 sensitizes esophageal cancer cells to cisplatin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第31期18卷 4127-4135页

作者： Md.Raghibul Hasan Shyam singh chauhan Rinu Sharma Ranju Ralhan Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Biotechnology School of BiotechnologyGuru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityNew Delhi 110075India Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck DiseasesMount Sinai HospitalTorontoON M5G 1X5Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Alex Simona Shnaider Laboratory for Molecular OncologyMount Sinai HospitalTorontoON M5G 1X5Canada

AIM： To determine the functional significance of TC21 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）. METHODS： TC21 siRNA transfection was carried out using Hyperfectamine to knock down TC21, and tran- scripts were analyzed by reverse transcription-poly- merase chain reaction and protein by Western *** demonstrated the effect of TC21 downregulation of cell signaling in esophageal cancer cells by assess- ing the phosphorylation status of its downstream tar- gets, phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）, phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN）, protein kinase B （pAl〈t）, nuclear factor-KB （NF-~B） and cyclinD1 using specific antibodies. Cell survival analysis after cisplatin treat- ment was carried out by cell viability assay and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. RESULTS： TC21 knockdown in human ESCC cell line TEl3 cells, showed only a marginal increase （14.2%） in cell death compared with control cells. The expres- sions of the signaling proteins PI3K and pAkt, transcrip- tion factor NF-KB, and cell cycle protein cyclin D1 were markedly decreased in response to TC21 downregula- tion, whereas the level of pPTEN, an antagonist of PI3K, was increased. In addition, we evaluated the potential of TC21 as a putative target for sensitizing ESCC cells to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Increased cell death （38.4%） was observed in cells treated with cis- platin after TC21 knockdown compared with cells which were treated with cisplatin alone （20% cell death）. CONCLUSION： Results suggest that TC21 mediates its effects via the PI3K-Akt pathway, NF-KB and cyclin D1, and enhances chemoresistance in esophageal cancer cells.

关键词： TC21 Esophageal squamous cell carci-noma siRNA Cisplatin Chemosensitivity

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Hunting of hunted:an ensemble modeling approach to evaluate suitable habitats for caracals in India

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 744-757页

作者： Ashish Kumar Jangid Chandra Prakash singh Jai singh Parihar Jasbir singh chauhan Rajnish Kumar singh Prakash Kumar Verma Amritanshu singh Shantanu Sharma Shekhar Kolipaka Wildlife Institute of India DehradunUttarakhand 248001India Space Applications Centre Indian Space Research OrganisationAhmedabadGujarat 380015India Madhya Pradesh State Forest Department Madhya Pradesh Tiger Foundation SocietyKuno National ParkBhopalMadhya Pradesh 462001India Leo Foundation WageningenThe Netherlands

Background:Large-scale hunting and various anthropogenic pressures in the recent past have pushed the Asiatic caracal(Caracal caracal schmitzi),an elusive medium-sized and locally threatened felid species towards local extinction in *** widely distributed historically,it has been sparsely reported from several regions of central and northern states in India till twentieth ***,the species distribution became confined only to the states of Rajasthan,Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh,which have had reported sightings in the twenty-first *** order to highlight the potentially suitable habitats for Asiatic caracals in India,we targeted forth-filtering of the spatial model ensemble by creating and utilizing the validated and spatially thinned species presence information(n=69)and related ecological variables(aridity,NDVI,precipitation seasonality,temperature seasonality,terrain ruggedness),filtered with anthropological variable(nightlight).Results:Out of eight spatial prediction models,the two most parsimonious models,Random Forest(AUC 0.91)and MaxEnt(AUC 0.89)were weighted and *** ensemble model indicated several clustered habitats,covering 1207.83 km^(2)areas in Kachchh(Gujarat),Aravalli mountains(Rajasthan),Malwa plateau(Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh),and Bundelkhand region(Madhya Pradesh)as potentially suitable habitats for *** probabilities of pixels were further regressed with converted vegetation height data within selected highly potential habitats,i.e.,Ranthambore Kuno Landscape(RKL)(suitability~0.44+0.03(vegetation height)^(**),R^(2)=0.27).The regression model inferred a significant positive relation between vegetation height and habitat suitability,hence the lowest ordinal class out of three classes of converted vegetation height was masked out from the RKL,which yielded in an area of 567 km^(2) as potentially highly suitable habitats for caracals,which can be further proposed as survey areas and conservation priority are

关键词： Medium-sized cat Caracal caracal schmitzi Potentially suitable habitat Drylands Potential survey area

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Fabrication characteristics and tensile strength of novel Al2024/SiC/red mud composites processed via stir casting route

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017年第12期27卷 2573-2586页

作者： Jaswinder singh Amit chauhan University Institute of Engineering and Technology PUSSGRC Hoshiarpur Punjab 146023 India University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India

The stir casting technique was used to fabricate aluminum2024matrix hybrid composites reinforced with SiC(5%,mass fraction)and red mud(5%-20%,mass fraction)*** developed composites were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and electron dispersive spectrum(EDS)***,Taguchi’s approach of experimental design was used to examine the tensile strength of the hybrid composites(with minimum number of experiments).It was found that the reinforcing particles were well dispersed and adequately bonded in the hybrid *** density and porosity of the hybrid composites were reduced with the increase in reinforcement *** tensile strength of the composites increased with the increase in the red mud content and the ageing *** developed model indicated that the red mud content had the highest influence on the tensile strength response followed by the ageing ***,it was found that Al2024/SiC/red mud composites exhibited superior tensile strength(about34%higher)in comparison to the Al2024alloy under optimized conditions.

关键词： aluminum matrix composites hybrid reinforcements tensile strength red mud stir casting statistical analysis scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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Implementation of drone technology for farm monitoring&pesticide spraying:A review

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第2期10卷 192-203页

作者： Abdul Hafeez Mohammed Aslam Husain S.P.singh Anurag chauhan Mohd.Tauseef Khan Navneet Kumar Abhishek chauhan S.K.Soni Rajkiya Engineering College Ambedkar NagarUP 224122India Rajkiya Engineering College BandaUP 210201India Rajkiya Engineering College BijnorUP 246725India MMMUT GorakhpurUP 273016India

The world receives more than 200 thousand people in a day and it is expected that the total world population will reach 9.6 billion by the year *** will result in extra food demand,which can only be met from enhanced crop ***,modernization of the agricultural sector becomes the need of the *** are many constraints that are responsible for the low production of crops,which can be overcome by using drone technology in the agriculture *** paper presents an analysis of drone technologies and their modifications with time in the agriculture sector in the last *** application of drones in the area of crop monitoring,and pesticide spraying for Precision Agriculture(PA)has been *** work done related to drone structure,multiple sensor development,innovation in spot area spraying has been ***,the use of Artificial Intelligent(AI)and deep learning for the remote monitoring of crops has been discussed.

关键词： Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Agriculture drone Pesticide spraying Crop monitoring Precision agriculture

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Genetic diversity and relationship between cultivated clones of Dalber- gia sissoo of wide geographical origin using RAPD markers

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 507-517页

作者： H. S. Ginwal Shalini singh Maurya Priti chauhan Division of Genetics and Tree Propagation Forest Research Institute P.O. I.P.E Kaulagarh Road Dehradun 248195 (Uttarakhand) India

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA （RAPD） polymor- phism was employed to assess the genetic diversity in the elite germplasm＇of Dalbergia sissoo. Sixty-seven clones that are under cultivation in northern India, originated frorri six different states of India and Nepal were analyzed with 30 RAPD primers that generated a total of 342 fragments out of which 290 were polymorphic. Total genetic diversity （Ht） varied between 0.01 and 0.37, with an average of 0.19. Shannon＇s Information index （I） varied between 0102 and 0.54, with an average of 0.31. Marker attributes like Polymorphism Information Content （PIC）, Marker Index （MI） and Effective Multiplex Ratio （EMR） values were calculated to assess the discriminatory power of 30 primers used. The PIC values ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 with an average of 0.17 per primer and the EMR ranged from 0.17 to 21.00 with a mean of 8.66 across all genotypes. Closely related clones were C49 and C51 with similarity index of 0.86 while the least similar or most dissimilar clones were C14 and S-DB showing similarity index of 0.58. The UPGMA-phenogram categorized the 67 clones into six clusters based on genetic similarity and dissimilarity. The clustering of clones in relation to their geographical location has been discussed.

关键词： clones Dalbergia sissoo genetic diversity polymorphic RAPD

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Nosocomial diarrhea in children:is astrovirus the leading pathogen?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 410-411页

作者： Anita Chakravarti Manisha Jain Mayank singh chauhan Anju Sharma Sayani Tewari Department & institution Department of MicrobiologyMaulana Azad Medical CollegeBahadur Shah Zafar MargNew Delhi 110002

Objective:To screen for the presence of mixed infection with ***:The present study included 140 children aged less than 2 years with acute *** samples of all these patients were analyzed for the presence of astroviral antigen by enzyme *** 40 rotavirus positive fecal samples were screened for the presence of ***:In case of acute diarrhea in children the prevalence of astrovirus was around 34% (48/140).It was seen that even in rotavirus positive cases astrovirus co infection was 25% .Conclusions:Astrovirus is a growing problem which is often *** the rotavirus vaccine licensure being imminent astrovirus will emerge out as the single most important cause of viral

关键词： Astrovirus Diarrhea Children

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