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Liver Research 2018年第4期2卷 186-199页

作者： helen h.wang Piero Portincasa Min Liu Patrick Tso David Q.-h.wang Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMarion Bessin Liver Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences and human Oncology Clinica Medica“A.Murri”University of Bari“Aldo Moro”Medical SchoolBariItaly Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA

The terms biliary sludge and cholesterol microlithiasis(hereafter referred to as microlithiasis)were originated from different diagnostic techniques and may represent different stages of cholesterol gall-stone *** the pathogenesis of biliary sludge and microlithiasis may be similar,micro-lithiasis could be preceded by biliary sludge,followed by persistent precipitation and aggregation of solid cholesterol crystals,and eventually,gallstone *** clinical conditions are clearly associated with the formation of biliary sludge and microlithiasis,including total parenteral nutrition,rapid weight loss,pregnancy,organ transplantation,administration of certain medications,and a variety of acute and chronic *** studies have demonstrated complete resolution of biliary sludge in approximately 40%of patients,a cyclic pattern of disappearing and reappearing in about 40%,and progression to gallstones in nearly 20%.Although only a minority of patients with ultrasonographic demonstration of biliary sludge develop gallstones,it is still a matter of controversy whether micro-lithiasis could eventually evolve to cholesterol *** sludge and microlithiasis are asymp-tomatic in the vast majority of patients;however,they can cause biliary colic,acute cholecystitis,and acute *** sludge and microlithiasis are most often diagnosed ultrasonographically and bile microscopy is considered the gold standard for their *** measures to prevent the development of biliary sludge are not practical or cost-effective in the general *** cholecystectomy offers the most definitive therapy on biliary *** sphincterotomy or surgical intervention is effective for microlithiasis-induced *** acid can effectively prevent the recurrence of solid cholesterol crystals and significantly reduce the risk of recurrent pancreatitis.

关键词： Biliary sludge Cholesterol microlithiasis Acute cholecystitis Acute pancreatitis Biliary colic Cholesterol monohydrate crystals Lithogenic bile

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New insights into the role of Lith genes in the formation of cholesterol-supersaturated bile

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Liver Research 2017年第1期1卷 42-53页

作者： helen h.wang Tiangang Li Piero Portincasa David A.Ford Brent A.Neuschwander-Tetri Patrick Tso David Q-h.wang Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and TherapeuticsKansas University Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA Clinica Medica“A.Murri” Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”Medical SchoolBariItaly Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Saint Louis University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA

Cholesterol gallstone formation represents a failure of biliary cholesterol homeostasis in which the physical-chemical balance of cholesterol solubility in bile is *** bile is mainly caused by persistent hepatic hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol and sustained cholesterol-supersaturated bile is an essential prerequisite for the precipitation of solid cholesterol monohydrate crystals and the formation of cholesterol *** metabolic determinants of the supply of hepatic cholesterol molecules that are recruited for biliary secretion are dependent upon the input-output balance of cholesterol and its catabolism in the *** sources of cholesterol for hepatic secretion into bile have been extensively investigated;however,to what extent each cholesterol source contributes to hepatic secretion is still unclear both under normal physiological conditions and in the lithogenic *** it has been long known that biliary lithogenicity is initiated by hepatic cholesterol hypersecretion,the genetic mechanisms that cause supersaturated bile have not been defined *** of the Lith genes that determine hepatic cholesterol hypersecretion should provide novel insights into the primary genetic and pathophysiological defects for gallstone *** this review article,we focus mainly on the pathogenesis of the formation of supersaturated bile and gallstones from the viewpoint of genetics and pathophysiology.A better understanding of the molecular genetics and pathophysiology of the formation of cholesterol-supersaturated bile will undoubtedly facilitate the development of novel,effective,and noninvasive therapies for patients with gallstones,which would reduce the morbidity,mortality,and costs of health care associated with gallstones,a very prevalent liver disease worldwide.

关键词： Bile flow Bile acid Biliary secretion Lith gene Micelle Vesicle

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汉堡王缘何蹒跚中国

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中国外资 2013年第17期 60-61页

作者： helen h.wang 杨卓懿

汉堡王的传统优势其实在于牛肉类餐点，可是在中国．它却未能好好利用这一优势；同时其对管理模式的拿捏也有欠缺，想要实现“最初的梦想”．它还有很长的路要走。

关键词：中国汉堡传统优势管理模式

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Unc-51-like kinase(ULK)complex-independent autophagy induced by hypoxia

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Protein & Cell 2019年第5期10卷 376-381页

作者： Yan Feng helen h.Kang Pui-Mun Wong Minghui Gao Ping wang Xuejun Jiang Shanghai Tenth People's hospital of Tongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200072China Cell Biology Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNY 10065USA human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory Agency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchInstitute of Medical BiologySingapore 138632Singapore hIT Center for Life Sciences The School of Life Sciences and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Dear Editor,Macroautophagy(referred to as autophagy herein)is an evolutionarily con served,lysosomal degradatio n process by which cells rid themselves of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles(he and Klionsky,2009).This process involves a finely orchestrated molecular pathway comprising a plethora of ATG proteins essential for autophagosome *** mammalian Unc-51-like kinase(ULK)complex plays an essential role to initiate canonical autophagy pathway by relaying upstream nutrient and stress signals to downstream autophagy machinery(Mizushima,2010;Wong et al.,2013).

关键词： Unc-51-like kinase ULK hypoxia

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Combustion mechanism development and CFD simulation for the prediction of soot emission during flaring

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 459-471页

作者： Anan wang helen h. Lou Daniel Chen Anfeng Yu Wenyi Dang Xianchang Li Christopher Martin Vijaya Damodara Ajit Patki Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA SINOPEC Safety Engineering Institute Qingdao 266000 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA Department of Chemistry Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA

Industrial Flares are important safety devices to bum off the unwanted gas during process startup, shutdown, or upset. however, flaring, especially the associated smoke, is a symbol of emissions from refineries, oil gas fields, and chemical processing plants. how to simultaneously achieve high combustion efficiency （CE） and low soot emission is an important issue. Soot emissions are influenced by many factors. Flare operators tend to over-steam or over-air to suppress smoke, which results in low CE. how to achieve optimal flare performance remains a question to the industry and the regulatory agencies. In this paper, regulations in the US regarding flaring were reviewed. In order to determine the optimal operating window for the flare, different combus- tion mechanisms related to soot emissions were summar- ized. A new combustion mechanism （Vsoot） for predicting soot emissions was developed and validated against experimental data. Computational fluid dynamic （CFD） models combined with Vsoot combustion mechanism were developed to simulate the flaring events. It was observed that simulation results agree well with experimental data.

关键词： flare soot emission combustion mechanism,CFD simulation

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Effect of host Plants on Development,Fecundity and Enzyme Activity of Spodoptera exigua (hübner)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第8期10卷 1232-1240页

作者： ZhANG Bin LIU huai helen hull-Sanders wang Jin-jun Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing 400716P.R.China Chongqing Tobacco Company China National Tobacco CorporationChongqing 400023P.R.China

The beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua （Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）,is an economically important pest of crops worldwide,attacking plants from over 20 families including trans-continental agricultural cotton,corn and citrus *** this study,performance and subsequent enzyme activity of beet armyworm reared on host plants from five families were *** differences were found in development,fecundity and enzyme activity on different host *** rate was the highest （42.8%） on asparagus lettuce （Lactuca sativar ***） and the lowest （17.0%） on sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum）.Larval duration was the shortest on asparagus lettuce （12.0 d）,and was 43.4% longer on sweet peppers （21.2 d）.The activity of acetylcholine esterase （AChE） and carboxylesterase （CarE） in 3rd instar larvae,and soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents in different host plants were *** activity was the highest in the larvae feeding on Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）,but declined by nearly 60% on maize （Zea mays） *** ratio of soluble carbohydrate content to crude protein content in host plants was found to have a positive effect on oviposition and a negative correlation with larval duration and life time （from larval to adult stages） of the insect.

关键词： beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua host plants nutrition enzyme activity

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Performance and Enzyme Activity of Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (hübner) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) Under Various Nutritional Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第5期10卷 737-746页

作者： helen hull Sanders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering Southwest University

We explored the influence of the artificial diets with different protein and glucose contents on larval development,fecundity and enzyme activities of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua （hübner）.Our results suggested that development,fecundity and population growth index of beet armyworm increased with increased nutritional content in the artificial diets;however,when the yeast to cellulose content ratio reached 46.8：53.2,the fecundity and population growth had reached a maximum and additional protein did not yield additional ***,3rd instar beet armyworm larvae fed on different artificial diets had increased enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase （AChE） with the increased nutritional content,but carboxylesterase （CarE） activities did not significantly change under variation in the nutritional content.

关键词： beet armyworm nutritional variation acetylcholinesterase carboxylesterase protein carbohydrate enzymeactivity

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Glaucoma surgery and induced astigmatism:a systematic review

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 159-163页

作者： helen h.L.Chan Yu Xiang G.Kong Royal Victorian Eye and Ear hospital 32 Gisborne StEast MelbourneVIC 3002Australia

Background:The refractive outcomes of glaucoma surgeries,particularly their effect on astigmatism,are incompletely *** body:Trabeculectomy is associated with a considerable amount of with-the-rule astigmatic change in the immediate postoperative *** is followed by a gradual against-the-rule *** changes are altered with the use of mitomycin C(MMC).Non-penetrating surgery such as deep sclerectomy is also associated with a similar or smaller degree of induced *** invasive glaucoma surgery appears to be astigmatically *** is no clear evidence regarding refractive outcomes of glaucoma drainage device ***:Induced astigmatism may account for a reduction in unaided visual acuity in the early postoperative period following a successful *** changes appear to stabilise at 3 months,and it would be prudent to defer the prescription of new glasses until this *** sequential cataract surgery is to be performed,toric intraocular lenses can be a useful option for astigmatic correction.

关键词： Filtration surgery Trabeculectomy Astigmatism Refractive outcome

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A Strategy for Multi-objective Optimization under Uncertainty in Chemical Process Design

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2008年第1期16卷 39-42页

作者：孙力 helen h.Lou Department of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China Department of Chemical Engineering Lamar University Beaumont Texas 77710 USA

In many circumstances, chemical process design can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization （MOO） problem. Examples include bi-objective optimization problems, where the economic objective is maximized and environmental impact is minimized simultaneously. Moreover, the random behavior in the process,property, market fluctuation, errors in model prediction and so on would affect the performance of a process. Therefore, it is essential to develop a MOO methodology under uncertainty. In this article, the authors propose a generic and systematic optimization methodology for chemical process design under uncertainty. It aims at identifying the optimal design from a number of candidates. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by a case study based on the design of a condensate treatment unit in an ammonia plant.

关键词： multi-objective optimization uncertainty chemical process design

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Biochemical mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury:Certainties and doubts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第39期15卷 4865-4876页

作者： Ignazio Grattagliano Leonilde Bonfrate Catia V Diogo helen h.wang David Qh.wang Piero Portincasa Clinica Medica "A.Murri" Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina PubblicaUniversity of Bari Medical School Department of Zoology Center for Neurosciences and Cell BiologyUniversity of Coimbra Department of Medicine Liver Center and Gastroenterology DivisionBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center

Drug-induced liver injury is a significant and still unresolved clinical problem. Limitations to knowledge about the mechanisms of toxicity render incomplete the detection of hepatotoxic potential during preclinical development. Several xenobiotics are lipophilic substances and their transformation into hydrophilic compounds by the cytochrome P-450 system results in production of toxic metabolites. Aging, preexisting liver disease, enzyme induction or inhibition, genetic variances, local 02 supply and, above all, the intrinsic molecular properties of the drug may affect this process. Necrotic death follows antioxidant consumption and oxidation of intracellular proteins, which determine increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes, loss of potential, decreased ATP synthesis, inhibition of Ca^2＋-dependent ATPase, reduced capability to sequester Ca^2＋ within mitochondria, and membrane bleb formation. Conversely, activation of nucleases and energetic participation of mitochondria are the main intracellular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis. Non-parenchymal hepatic cells are inducers of hepatocellular injury and targets for damage. Activation of the immune system promotes idiosyncratic reactions that result in hepatic necrosis or cholestasis, in which different hLA genotypes might play a major role. This review focuses on current knowledge of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and recent advances on newly discovered mechanisms of liver damage. Future perspectives including new frontiers for research are discussed.

关键词： Adverse effects Apoptosis Drug toxicity Liver diseases Microsomes Mitochondria Necrosis

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