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Enhancing Early Detection of Lung Cancer through Advanced Image Processing Techniques and Deep Learning Architectures for CT Scans

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 271-307页

作者： Nahed Tawfik heba m.emara Walid El-Shafai Naglaa F.Soliman Abeer D.Algarni Fathi EAbd El-Samie Computers and Systems Department Electronics Research InstituteEl NozhaHuckstep Cairo12622Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science DepartmentPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Lung cancer remains a major concern in modern oncology due to its high mortality rates and multifaceted origins,including hereditary factors and various clinical *** stands as the deadliest type of cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths *** diagnosis enables healthcare providers to administer appropriate treatment measures promptly and accurately,leading to improved prognosis and higher survival *** significant increase in both the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer,particularly its ranking as the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide,underscores the need for comprehensive research into efficient screening *** in diagnostic techniques,particularly the use of computed tomography(CT)scans,have revolutionized the identification of lung *** scans are renowned for their ability to provide high-resolution images and are particularly effective in detecting small,calcified areas,crucial for identifying earlystage lung ***,there is growing interest in enhancing computer-aided detection(CAD)*** algorithms assist radiologists by reducing false-positive interpretations and improving the accuracy of early cancer *** study aims to enhance the effectiveness of CAD systems through various ***,the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)algorithm is employed to preprocess CT scan images,thereby improving their visual *** refinement is achieved by integrating different optimization strategies with the CLAHE *** Cutmix data augmentation technique is applied to boost the performance of the proposed model.A comparative analysis is conducted using deep learning architectures such as InceptionV3,ResNet101,Xception,and *** study evaluates the performance of these architectures in image classification tasks,both with and without the implementation of the CLAHE *** empirical findings of the study demonst

关键词： Lung cancer detection CLAHE algorithm optimization deep learning classification feature extraction healthcare applications

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New insights on thermal ageing of electrical insulating oils as revealed from photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy

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High Voltage 2024年第5期9卷 1033-1045页

作者： Hesham S.Karaman Eman G.Atiya Diaa-Eldin A.mansour mohsen Ghali Z.m.S.Elbarbary manal m.emara Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Electrical Power and machines Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt Department of Electrical Power Engineering Faculty of EngineeringEgypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityAlexandriaEgypt Department of Energy materials Institute of Basic and Applied ScienceEgypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityAlexandriaEgypt Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt

Recently,significant efforts have been exerted to replace mineral oil with environmentally friendly oils due to safety and environmental ***,there is a need to clarify the physical mechanisms behind the ageing impact of these *** authors use advanced optical spectroscopy techniques in correlation with dielectric measurements to understand the ageing processes in environmentally friendly oils as well as mineral ***,different samples of environmentally friendly oils and mineral oil were utilised to investigate the ageing *** samples were subjected to different ageing periods using a thermal accelerated ageing ***,the severity of the produced byproducts due to the oil degradation is examined based on several measured properties representing macroscopic and microscopic *** macroscopic category was evaluated through dielectric properties,including breakdown voltage,dielectric permittivity,and dissipation *** microscopic category,on the other hand,was assessed using techniques such as ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence *** techniques enabled a deep understanding of the molecular-level changes occurring in the oil under ageing conditions,thereby getting new insights into oil ageing *** is worth mentioning that natural ester oil demonstrated the most favourable performance across various properties under ageing conditions.

关键词： absorption thermal spectroscopy

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Seasonal Effect on Biomarkers of Exposure to Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Coasts of North Western Suez Gulf,Egypt

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2019年第1期1卷 38-48页

作者： Omayma E.Ahmed mustafa m.emara Nazik A.Farid1 Enas A.El-Sabagh Eman m.Kamal Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of Science(boys)Al-Azhar UniversityEgypt Faculty of Science(girls)Al-Azhar University CairoEgypt

Petroleum hydrocarbons of surface water were collected from eight loca-tions of from the coasts of north western Suez Gulf,*** extracted petroleum hydrocarbons were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and quantified by integrating the areas of both the resolved and unresolved *** results confirm that the con-centration is relatively higher than the recommended in the regulations of the Egyptian low of Environment of No.4/1994 of petroleum *** various *** dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 5.639 to 74.8 and 1.868 to 65.698 mg/ml for summer and winter sea-sons,*** indicates that chronic oil pollution,in addition to hydrocarbon concentrations,the diagnostic indices used shows that the hydrocarbons in the area were comes from biogenic,petrogenic and anthropogenic ***-IR spectrometric analysis confirms die petro-genic nature of pollutants.

关键词： Egypt Oil hydrocarbon Physicochemical Diagnostic Gas chromatography Suez canal

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Advances and challenges in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic β cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第1期7卷 174-181页

作者： Essam m Abdelalim mohamed m.emara Qatar Biomedical Research Institute Qatar Foundation Education City PO Box 5825 Doha Qatar

Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs) are able to differentiate into several cell types, including pancreatic β cells. Differentiation of pancreatic β cells depends on certain transcription factors, which function in a coordinated way during pancreas development. The existing protocols for in vitro differentiation produce pancreatic β cells, which are not highly responsive to glucose stimulation except after their transplantation into immune-compromised mice and allowing several weeks for further differentiation to ensure the maturation of these cells in vivo. Thus, although the substantial improvement that has been made for the differentiation of induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells toward pancreatic β cells, several challenges still hindering their full generation. Here, we summarize recent advances in the differentiation of PSCs into pancreatic β cells and discuss the challenges facing their differentiation as well as the different applications of these potential PSC-derived β cells.

关键词： Embryonic stem cells Induced pluripotentstem cells Insulin-secreting cells In vitro In vivo Differentiation maturation

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New trends in pharmacological treatment of acute kidney injury

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第7期11卷 285-297页

作者： heba m.I.Abdallah Department of Pharmacology Medical Research DivisionNational Research CentreGiza 12622Egypt

Acute kidney injury,previously known as acute renal failure(AKI),is defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function that occurs within hours or *** new nomenclature opens a new door for possibility of treatment of developing renal injury before progression to unresolved renal *** arises due to diverse etiologic factors that rely mainly on three categories namely,prerenal,intrinsic renal,and post-renal factors with different clinical pictures,and confers a spectrum of injury ranging from mild to severe and sometimes leads to end-stage renal *** of pathogenesis and other factors generate barriers to developing effective treatments despite a large number of experimental and clinical *** this review,recent advances in the potential of the currently used drugs for renoprotection,novel pharmacological targets,and prospective therapeutics for AKI are *** information in this review was extracted from electronic resources(Pub med,Google Scholar,Wiley,Science Direct,Springer),and English scientific books by using keywords including kidney,injury,recent therapy,and pharmacological *** articles were carefully checked for their relevance to the current *** targets of cellular repair or regenerative processes involved in AKI such as autophagy,ferroptosis inhibition,and p53 antagonism seem to be effective in disease *** may help researchers and clinicians to understand how to target the interrelated molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AKI.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Recent therapy Promising pharmacological targets

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Effect of lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur and its clinical impact

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第5期8卷 431-435页

作者： Khaled m.emara Ahmed Nageeb mahmoud Ahmed K emara mariam K emara Limb Reconstruction and Deformity Correction Unit Orthopaedic Surgery Department Ain Shams University Hospitals

AIm To review and study the effect of lengthening along the anatomical axis of long bones and its relation to the mechanical axis *** We try in this review to calculate and discuss the exact clinical impact of lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur on affecting the limb alignment. Also we used a trigonometric formula to predict the change of the femoral distal anatomical mechanical angle(AmA) after lengthening along the anatomical axis. RESULTS Lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur by 10% of its original length results in reduction in the distal femoral AmA by 0.57 degrees. There is no objective experimental scientific data to prove that the mechanical axis is passing via the center of the hip to the center of the knee. There is wide variation in normal anatomical axis for different populations. In deformity correction, surgeons try to reproduce the normal usual bone shape to regain normal function, which is mainly anatomical axis. CONCLUSION Lengthening of the femur along its anatomical axis results in mild reduction of the distal femoral AmA. This may partially compensate for the expected mechanical axis lateralisation and hence justify its minimal clinical impact.

关键词： Bone lengthening Deformity Femoral lengthening External fixation Intramedullary nail Axis deviation

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Oscillation Criteria of Second Order Half Linear Delay Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

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Acta mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2017年第1期33卷 83-92页

作者： H.A. AGWO A.m.m. KHODIER heba A. HASSAN Department of mathematics Faculty of Education Ain Shams University 11757 beside Tabary school RoxyCairo Egypt

In this paper, we establish some new oscillation criteria for a non autonomous second order delay dynamic equation （r（t）g（x△（t）））△＋p（t）f（x（τ（t）））=0 on a time scale T. Oscillation behavior of this equation is not studied before. Our results not only apply on differential equations when T=R, difference equations when T=N but can be applied on different types of time scales such as when T=N for q〉1 and also improve most previous results. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our main results.

关键词： time scales oscillation second order delay dynamic equations generalized Riccati technique generalized exponential function

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Optimized Deep Learning Approach for Efficient Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Combining VGG16-CNN

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1855-1872页

作者： heba m.El-Hoseny heba F.Elsepae Wael A.mohamed Ayman S.Selmy Department of Computer Science the Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesObour11828Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt

Diabetic retinopathy is a critical eye condition that,if not treated,can lead to vision *** methods of diagnosing and treating the disease are time-consuming and ***,machine learning and deep transfer learning(DTL)techniques have shown promise in medical applications,including detecting,classifying,and segmenting diabetic *** advanced techniques offer higher accuracy and *** Diagnosis(CAD)is crucial in speeding up classification and providing accurate disease ***,these technological advancements hold great potential for improving the management of diabetic *** study’s objective was to differentiate between different classes of diabetes and verify the model’s capability to distinguish between these *** robustness of the model was evaluated using other metrics such as accuracy(ACC),precision(PRE),recall(REC),and area under the curve(AUC).In this particular study,the researchers utilized data cleansing techniques,transfer learning(TL),and convolutional neural network(CNN)methods to effectively identify and categorize the various diseases associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR).They employed the VGG-16CNN model,incorporating intelligent parameters that enhanced its *** outcomes surpassed the results obtained by the auto enhancement(AE)filter,which had an ACC of over 98%.The manuscript provides visual aids such as graphs,tables,and techniques and frameworks to enhance *** study highlights the significance of optimized deep TL in improving the metrics of the classification of the four separate classes of *** manuscript emphasizes the importance of using the VGG16CNN classification technique in this context.

关键词： No diabetic retinopathy(NDR) convolution layers(CNV layers) transfer learning data cleansing convolutional neural networks a visual geometry group(VGG16)

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mid-term results of sub-trochanteric valgus osteotomy for symptomatic late stages Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第5期14卷 328-339页

作者： Khaled m.emara Ramy Ahmed Diab Ahmed K emara mohamed Eissa mostafa Gemeah Shady Abdelghaffar mahmoud Department of Orthopedic Surgery Ain Shams UniversityCairo 11591Egypt Department of Orthopedic Surgery Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 9500United States Health Care Innovation Program Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287United States

BACKGROUND The treatment of late stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease(LCPD)is *** the concept of femoral head containment is a well-established technique of treatment,its use remains debatable in the late stages of the disease,as it does not improve symptoms in terms of limb length discrepancy and *** To assess the results of subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy in symptomatic patients with late-stage Perthes *** From 2000 to 2007,36 symptomatic patients with late stage of Perthes disease were surgically treated with subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy and followed-up for 8 to 11 years using the IOWA score and range of motion(ROm)*** mose classification was also assessed at the last follow-up to reflect possible *** patients were 8 years old or older at the time of surgery,in the post-fragmentation stage,and complaining of pain,limited ROm,Trendelenburg gait,and/or abductor *** The preoperative IOWA score(average:53.3)markedly improved at the 1-year post follow-up period(average:85.41)and then slightly improved at the last follow-up(average:89.4)(P valuem improved,with internal rotation increased on average by 22°(from 10°preoperatively to 32°postoperatively)and abduction increased on average by 15.9°(from 25°preoperatively to 41°postoperatively).The mean mose deviation of femoral heads was 4.1 mm at the end of the follow-up *** tests used were the paired t-test and Pearson correlation test,where the level of significance was a P value less than *** Subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy can be a good option for symptomatic relief in patients with late-stage of LCPD.

关键词： Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Femoral head avascular necrosis Valgus osteotomy Deformity correction Post fragmentation stage Late stage Perthes

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Repurposed anti-cancer epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: mechanisms of neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1913-1918页

作者： heba m.mansour Hala m.Fawzy Aiman S.El-Khatib mahmoud m.Khattab Department of Pharmacology Egyptian Drug AuthorityEDAformerly NODCARGizaEgypt Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt

Numerous molecular mechanisms are being examined in an attempt to discover disease-modifying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s *** studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors on the enhancement of behavioral and pathological sequelae in Alzheimer’s *** the promising effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease,there is no irrefutable neuroprotective evidence in well-established animal models using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors due to many un-explored downstream signaling *** caused controversy about the potential involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in any prospective clinical *** this review,the mystery beyond the under-investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor in Alzheimer’s disease will be ***,their molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration will be ***,we will shed light on SARS-COVID-19 induced neurological manifestations mediated by epidermal growth factor ***,we will discuss future perspectives and under-examined epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathways that warrant more *** conclude that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are novel effective therapeutic approaches that require further research in attempts to be repositioned in the delay of Alzheimer’s disease progression.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease autophagy drug re-positioning epidermal growth factor receptor human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation oxidative stress tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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