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Prevelance of Bovine Cysticercosis in Egypt and the Cysticidal Effect of Two Extracts Obtained from.Balanites aegyptiaca and m.ringa oleifera on m.ce m.del Affected with T. saginata Cysticerci

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 39-55页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Noha m. F. Hassan Doaa Sedky Hatem.A. Shalaby heba m. ashry Nadia m. T. Abu El Ezz Sahar m. Kandeel m.ham.d S. Abdelfattah L. Ying Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Parasitology and Anim.l Diseases Departm.nt Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Chem.stry of Natural Com.ounds Departm.nt Pharmaceutical and Drugs Industries Research Institute National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Xining China College of Agriculture and Anim.l Husbandry Qinghai University Xining China Departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The aim.of the present study was to determ.ne the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in both cattle and buffloas, in Egypt and to assess the cysticidal efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (B. aegyptiaca) and m.ringa oleifera seeds (m. oleifera) extracts in experim.ntally infected m.ce. The study detected the level of tum.r necrosis factor (TNF-α) to m.nitor the im.une and inflam.atory responses of experim.ntally infected m.ce. Through m.at inspection, a total num.er of 2125 m.le bovine, 2 to 5 years old, (1125 cattle and 1000 buffloes) were exam.ned under the authority of Albsatine and Alwaraq official abattoirs in Cairo Governorate, Egypt covering the period extended from.m.rch 2022 to April 2023. The overall prevalence of the disease am.ng bovine was 7.8% (6.31% of cattle and 9.5% of buffloes). Besides, B. aegyptiaca and m. oleifera extracts showed cysticidal activity in experim.ntally infected m.ce. A decrease in the num.ers of cysticerci was found in all treated m.ce groups, and up to 88% reduction was achieved in the B. aegyptiaca-treated group;higher than that was recorded in both m. oleifera (72.23%) and albendazole-treated ones (80.56%). Postm.rtem.findings proved that m. oleifera and B. aegyptiaca reduced cysticerci num.ers com.arable to a com.ercial anthelm.ntic. The study showed a significant decrease (P 0.001) in TNF-α levels after treatm.nt with Balanites and m.ringa extracts, com.ared with the untreated control and the albendazole-treated groups.

关键词： Prevalence Balanites aegyptiaca m.ringa oleifera m.ce T. saginata Cysticerci

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Genetic Variability and Phenotypic Correlations Study am.ng Grain Quality Traits and m.neral Elem.nts Concentrations in Colored and Non-Colored Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experim.ntal Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1733-1748页

作者： Adel A.Rezk m.ham.d m.El-m.lky heba I.m.ham.d Hossam.S.El-Beltagi Agricultural Biotechnology Departm.nt College of Agricultural and Food ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Plant Pathology Research Institute Agriculture Research CenterGiza12619Egypt Rice Research and Training Center Field Crop Research InstituteAgriculture Research Center33717Egypt Biological and Geological Sciences Departm.nt Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityCairo11511Egypt Biochem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt

Twenty-four rice genotypes were exam.ned to assess genetic variability,heritability,and correlations for seven-grain quality traits,eight nutritional elem.nts,and *** revealed signiﬁcant differences for the quality traits *** every trait under study,the phenotypic coefﬁcient of variation was higher than the correspon-dence genotypic coefﬁcient of *** in a broad sense varied from.29.75%for grain length to 98.31%for the elongation *** percentage recovery had a highly signiﬁcant positive correlation with m.lling and head rice ***,m.lling percentage had a highly positive correlation with head rice *** am.lose percentage,all the genotypes belonged to low am.lose except the Hassawi-1 variety,which had interm.diate am.lose *** nutrition contents of m.gnesium.m.),sodium.Na),potas-sium.K),calcium.Ca),copper(Cu),m.nganese(m.),zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),or protein percentage gave different variations for 24 rice genotypes under all the nutritional *** the 24 genotypes,ten rice genotypes–HighNutrient-1,HighNutrient-2,HighNutrient-9,HighNutrient-8,HighNutrient-3,Hassawi-2,HighNutrient-7,HighNutrient-6,Hassawi-1,and HighNutrient-4–had the highest heist value for all nutritional and protein con-tents,and could be used as a donor to im.roving new *** was a positive and signiﬁcant correlation between m.gnesium.m.,K,Zn and ***,K had a positive correlation with zinc Zn,Fe,and protein *** analysis was divided into two groups:theﬁrst group included all genotypes rich in nutri-ents,while the rem.ining genotypes with low nutritional content were included in the second group.

关键词： Am.lose cluster analysis genotypes grain quality m.neral nutrition rice

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Optim.zation of Cooperative Relayingm.lecular Com.unications for Nanom.dical Applications

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1259-1275页

作者： Em.n S.Attia Ashraf A.m.Khalaf Fathi E.Abd El-Sam.e Saied m.Abd El-atty Konstantinos A.Lizos Osam. Alfarraj heba m.El-Hoseny Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia61111Egypt Departm.nt of Electronics and Electrical Com.unications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Departm.nt of Inform.tics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo(UiO)OsloNorway Com.uter Science Departm.nt Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.uter science The Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesEl ShoroukEgypt

Recently,nano-system. based on m.lecular com.unications via diffusion(m.vD)have been im.lem.nted in a variety of nanom.dical applications,m.st notably in targeted drug delivery system.TDDS)***,because the m.vD is unreliable and there exists m.lecular noise and inter sym.ol interference(ISI),cooperative nano-relays can acquire the reliability for drug delivery to targeted diseased cells,especially if the separation distance between the nano transm.tter and nano receiver is *** this work,we propose an approach for optim.zing the perform.nce of the nano system.using cooperative m.lecular com.unications with a nano relay schem.,while accounting for blood flow effects in term. of drift *** fractions of the m.lecular drug that should be allocated to the nano transm.tter and nano relay positioning are com.uted using a collaborative optim.zation problem.solved by them.dified Central Force Optim.zation(m.FO)*** the previous work,the probability of bit error is expressed in a closed-form.*** is used as an objective function to determ.ne the optim.l velocity of the drug m.lecules and the detection threshold at the nano *** sim.lation results show that the probability of bit error can be dram.tically reduced by optim.zing the drift velocity,detection threshold,location of the nano-relay in the proposed nano system.and m.lecular drug budget.

关键词： Nanom.dical system m.lecular com.unication cooperative relay optim.zation

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Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)increases the risk of obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： heba ZabriTorsten Schöneberg AndréNguyen Dietzsch Hadi Al-Hasani Joachim.Altschm.ed Katharina Botterm.nn Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler Susanne Horn Isabell Kaczm.rek Antje Körner Kerstin Krause Kathrin Landgraf Diana Le Duc Laura Lehm.nn Stefan Lehr Stephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene Schnorr Angela Schulz m.rtina Strnadová Akhil Velluva heba Zabri Torsten Schöneberg Doreen Thor Sim.ne Pröm.l Rudolf Schönheim.r Institute of Biochem.stry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Institute for Clinical Biochem.stry and Pathobiochem.stry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Germ.n Center for Diabetes Research(DZD e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovascular Degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovascular Research Institute(CARID) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pharm.cology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Anatom. Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Center for Pediatric Research Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helm.oltz Institute for m.tabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Departm.nt of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Hum.n Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany School of m.dicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide *** the com.lex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharm.cological intervention with obesity.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are am.ng the m.in m.dulators of m.tabolism.and energy ***,for instance,regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalam.c neurons,as well as glucose and lipid m.tabolism.and horm.ne secretion from.*** in som. GPCRs,such as the m.lanocortin receptor type 4(m.4R),have been associated with early-onset ***,we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)as a m.m.er of the regulating network governing food intake and the m.intenance of energy *** of the highly conserved receptor in m.ce results in increased food consum.tion and severe obesity,accom.anied by dysregulation of glucose ***,we identified a partially inactivating m.tation in hum.n ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from.***,we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity developm.nt.

关键词： obesity m.tabolism intake

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Adherence to Advisory Com.ittee on Im.unization Practices in diabetes m.llitus patients in Saudi Arabia:A m.lticenter retrospective study

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 440-454页

作者： Saleh Fahad Alqifari Aya K Esm.il Dalal m.Alarifi Ghalya Y Alsulim.n m.ram.m.Alhati m.y R m.tlaq m.ham.ed Aldhaeefi Shaden A Alshuaibi Palanisam. Am.rthalingam.Abrar Abdallah Afaf S Wasel heba R Ham.d Shoroq Alam.n Tasneem.H Atia Tariq Alqahtani Departm.nt of Pharm.cy Practice University of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Clinical Sciences Sulaiman Alrajhi UniversityQassim 52726Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Fam.ly m.dicine International Medical CenterJeddah 23214Saudi Arabia Clinical and Adm.nistrative Pharm.cy Sciences College of PharmacyHoward UniversityWashingtonDC 20059United States Departm.nt of Pharm.cology King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadh 11481Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes m.llitus(Dm.are predisposed to an increased risk of infection signifying the im.ortance of vaccination to protect against its potentially severe *** Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Advisory Com.ittee on Im.unization Practices(CDC/ACIP)issued im.unization recom.endations to protect this patient *** To assess the adherence of patients with Dm.to the CDC/ACIP im.unization recom.endations in Saudi Arabia and to identify the factors associated with the vaccine adherence *** An observational retrospective study conducted in 2023 was used to collect data on the vaccination records from.13 diabetes care centers in Saudi Arabia with 1000 eligible patients in phase I with data collected through chart review and 709 patients in phase II through online *** Am.ng participants,10.01%(n=71)had never received any vaccine,while 85.89%(n=609)received at least one dose of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine,and 34.83%(n=247)had received the annual influenza *** 2.96%(n=21),2.11%(n=15),and 1.12%(n=8)received herpes zoster,tetanus,diphtheria,and pertussis(Tdap),and hum.n papillom.virus(HPV)vaccines,*** patients with Dm.in Saudi Arabia,the rate of vaccination for annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines was higher com.ared to other vaccinations such as herpes zoster,Tdap,pneum.coccal,and *** such as vaccine recom.endations provided by fam.ly physicians or specialists,site of care,incom. level,Dm.related hospitalization history,residency site,hem.globin A1c(HbA1c)level,and health sector type can significantly influence the vaccination rate in patients with *** non-vaccinated patients with Dm.the m.st reported barriers were lack of knowledge and fear of side *** signifies the need for large-scale research in this area to identify additional factors that m.ght facilitate adherence to CDC/ACIP vaccine recom.endations in patients with *** In S

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus Vaccine recom.endation COVID-19 vaccine Influenza vaccine Pneum.coccal vaccine Im.unization Retrospective study

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Optim.zed Deep Learning Approach for Efficient Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Com.ining VGG16-CNN

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1855-1872页

作者： heba m.El-Hoseny heba F.Elsepae Wael A.m.ham.d Aym.n S.Selm. Departm.nt of Com.uter Science the Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesObour11828Egypt Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt

Diabetic retinopathy is a critical eye condition that,if not treated,can lead to vision *** m.thods of diagnosing and treating the disease are tim.-consum.ng and ***,m.chine learning and deep transfer learning(DTL)techniques have shown prom.se in m.dical applications,including detecting,classifying,and segm.nting diabetic *** advanced techniques offer higher accuracy and *** Diagnosis(CAD)is crucial in speeding up classification and providing accurate disease ***,these technological advancem.nts hold great potential for im.roving the m.nagem.nt of diabetic *** study’s objective was to differentiate between different classes of diabetes and verify the m.del’s capability to distinguish between these *** robustness of the m.del was evaluated using other m.trics such as accuracy(ACC),precision(PRE),recall(REC),and area under the curve(AUC).In this particular study,the researchers utilized data cleansing techniques,transfer learning(TL),and convolutional neural network(CNN)m.thods to effectively identify and categorize the various diseases associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR).They em.loyed the VGG-16CNN m.del,incorporating intelligent param.ters that enhanced its *** outcom.s surpassed the results obtained by the auto enhancem.nt(AE)filter,which had an ACC of over 98%.The m.nuscript provides visual aids such as graphs,tables,and techniques and fram.works to enhance *** study highlights the significance of optim.zed deep TL in im.roving the m.trics of the classification of the four separate classes of *** m.nuscript em.hasizes the im.ortance of using the VGG16CNN classification technique in this context.

关键词： No diabetic retinopathy(NDR) convolution layers(CNV layers) transfer learning data cleansing convolutional neural networks a visual geom.try group(VGG16)

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Repurposed anti-cancer epiderm.l growth factor receptor inhibitors: m.chanism. of neuroprotective effects in Alzheim.r’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1913-1918页

作者： heba m.m.nsour Hala m.Fawzy Aim.n S.El-Khatib m.hm.ud m.Khattab Departm.nt of Pharm.cology Egyptian Drug AuthorityEDAformerly NODCARGizaEgypt Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt

Num.rous m.lecular m.chanism. are being exam.ned in an attem.t to discover disease-m.difying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheim.r’s *** studies have shown the beneficial effects of epiderm.l growth factor receptor inhibitors on the enhancem.nt of behavioral and pathological sequelae in Alzheim.r’s *** the prom.sing effects of epiderm.l growth factor receptor inhibitors in Alzheim.r’s disease,there is no irrefutable neuroprotective evidence in well-established anim.l m.dels using epiderm.l growth factor receptor inhibitors due to m.ny un-explored downstream.signaling *** caused controversy about the potential involvem.nt of epiderm.l growth factor receptor inhibitors in any prospective clinical *** this review,the m.stery beyond the under-investigation of epiderm.l growth factor receptor in Alzheim.r’s disease will be ***,their m.lecular m.chanism. in neurodegeneration will be ***,we will shed light on SARS-COVID-19 induced neurological m.nifestations m.diated by epiderm.l growth factor ***,we will discuss future perspectives and under-exam.ned epiderm.l growth factor receptor downstream.signaling pathways that warrant m.re *** conclude that epiderm.l growth factor receptor inhibitors are novel effective therapeutic approaches that require further research in attem.ts to be repositioned in the delay of Alzheim.r’s disease progression.

关键词： Alzheim.r’s disease autophagy drug re-positioning epiderm.l growth factor receptor hum.n epiderm.l growth factor receptor-2 neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflam.ation oxidative stress tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Feature Selection with Stacked Autoencoder Based Intrusion Detection in Drones Environm.nt

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5441-5458页

作者： heba G.m.ham.d Saud S.Alotaibi m.jdy m.Eltahir heba m.hsen m.nar Ahm.d Ham.a Abu Sarwar Zam.ni Ishfaq Yaseen Abdelwahed m.twakel Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Computing and Information SystemUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Science&Art at MahayilKing Khalid UniversitySaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of Com.uter and Self Developm.nt Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharjSaudi Arabia

The Internet of Drones(IoD)offers synchronized access to organized airspace for Unm.nned Aerial Vehicles(known as drones).The availability of inexpensive sensors,processors,and wireless com.unication m.kes it possible in real tim. *** several applications com.rise IoD in real tim. environm.nt,significant interest has been received by research *** IoD operates in wireless environm.nt,it is needed to design effective intrusion detection system.IDS)to resolve security issues in the IoD *** article introduces am.taheuristics feature selection with optim.l stacked autoencoder based intrusion detection(m.SOSAEID)in the IoD *** m.jor intention of the m.SOSAE-ID technique is to identify the occurrence of intrusions in the IoD *** do so,the proposed m.SOSAE-ID technique firstly pre-processes the input data into a com.atible *** addition,the presented m.SOSAEID technique designs a m.th flam. optim.zation based feature selection(m.OFS)technique to elect appropriate ***,firefly algorithm.FFA)with stacked autoencoder(SAE)m.del is em.loyed for the recognition and classification of intrusions in which the SAE param.ters are optim.lly tuned with utilize of *** perform.nce validation of the m.SOSAE-ID m.del was tested utilizing benchm.rk dataset and the outcom.s im.lied the prom.sing perform.nce of the m.SOSAE-ID m.del over other techniques with m.xim.m.accuracy of 99.72%.

关键词： Internet of drones unm.nned aerial vehicles security intrusion detection m.chine learning

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Hunger Search Optim.zation with Hybrid Deep Learning Enabled Phishing Detection and Classification m.del

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6425-6441页

作者： Hadil Shaiba Jaber S.Alzahrani m.jdy m.Eltahir Radwa m.rzouk heba m.hsen m.nar Ahm.d Ham.a Departm.nt of Com.uter Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering at AlqunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Science&Art at MahayilKing Khalid UniversitySaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of Com.uter and Self Developm.nt Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharjSaudi Arabia

Phishing is one of the sim.lest ways in cybercrim. to hack the reliable data of users such as passwords,account identifiers,bank details,*** general,these kinds of cyberattacks are m.de at users through phone calls,em.ils,or instant *** anti-phishing techniques,currently under use,arem.inly based on source code features that need to scrape the webpage *** third party services,these techniques check the classification procedure of phishing Uniform.Resource Locators(URLs).Even thoughm.chine Learning(m.)techniques have been lately utilized in the identification of phishing,they still need to undergo feature engineering since the techniques are not well-versed in identifying phishing *** trem.ndous growth and evolution of Deep Learning(DL)techniques paved the way for increasing the accuracy of classification *** this background,the current research article presents a Hunger Search Optim.zation with Hybrid Deep Learning enabled Phishing Detection and Classification(HSOHDL-PDC)*** presented HSOHDL-PDC m.del focuses on effective recognition and classification of phishing based on website *** addition,SOHDL-PDC m.del uses character-level em.edding instead of word-level em.edding since the URLs generally utilize words with no ***,a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term.m.m.ry(HCNN-LSTm.technique is also applied for identification and classification of *** hyperparam.ters involved in HCNN-LSTm.m.del are optim.zed with the help of HSO algorithm.which in turn produced im.roved *** perform.nce of the proposed HSOHDL-PDC m.del was validated using different datasets and the outcom.s confirm.d the suprem.cy of the proposed m.del over other recent approaches.

关键词： Uniform.resource locators phishing cyberattacks m.chine learning deep learning hyperparam.ter optim.zation

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Decoration of vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays with WO3 particles for hydrogen fuel production

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第2期12卷 249-258页

作者： heba ALI N. ISm.IL m. S. Am.N m.ham.d m.KEWI Physical Chem.stry Departm.nt National Research Centre DokkiCairo 12622 Egypt Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of Science Ain Shams UniversityAbbassia Cairo 12622 Egypt Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of Science Taibah University Madinah Munawwarah Saudi Arabia

WO3 decorated photoelectrodes of titanium.nanotube arrays （W-oxide TNTAs） were synthesized via a two-step process, nam.ly, electrochem.cal oxidation of titanium.foil and electrodeposition of W-oxide for various interval tim.s of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 20 m.n to im.rove the photoelectrochem.cal perform.nce and the am.unt of hydrogen generated. The synthesized photoelectrodes were characterized by various characterization techniques. The presence of tungsten in the m.dified TNTAs was confirm.d using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）. Field em.ssion scanning electron m.croscopy （FESEm. and high resolution transm.ssion electron m.croscope （HRTEm. proved the deposition of W-oxide as sm.ll particles staked up on the surface of the tubes at lower deposition tim. whereas longer tim.s produced large and aggregate particles to m.stly cover the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Additionally, the incorporation of WO3 resulted in a shift of the absorption edge toward visible light as confirm.d by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a decrease in the estim.ted band gap energy values hence, m.dified TNTAs facilitated a m.re efficient utilization of solar light for water splitting. From.the photoelectrochem.cal m.asurem.nt data, the optim.l photoelectrode produced after 2 m.n of deposition tim. im.roved the photo conversion efficiency and the hydrogen generation by 30% com.ared to that of the pure TNTA.

关键词： titanium.dioxide nanotube arrays potentiostaticanodization electrodeposition m.thod tungsten oxide photoelectrochem.cal water splitting

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