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Characterization of the surface and interfacial properties of the lamina splendens

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第2期12卷 234-252页

作者： Joe T. REXWINKLE heather K. HUNT Ferris M. PFEIFFER Mechanical Engineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211USA Bioengineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Orthopaedic Surgery University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211USA

Joint disease affects approximately 52.5 mil- lion patients in the United States alone, costing 80.8 billion USD in direct healthcare costs. The development of treatment programs for joint disease and trauma requires accurate assessment of articular cartilage degradation. The articular cartilage is the interfacial tissue between articu- lating surfaces, such as bones, and acts as low-friction interfaces. Damage to the lamina splendens, which is the articular cartilage＇s topmost layer, is an early indicator of joint degradation caused by injury or disease. By gaining comprehensive knowledge on the lamina splendens, particularly its structure and interfacial properties, researchers could enhance the accuracy of human and animal biomechanical models, as well as develop appro- priate biomimetic materials for replacing damaged articu- lar cartilage, thereby leading to rational treatment programs for joint disease and injury. Previous studies that utilize light, electron, and force microscopy techniques have found that the lamina splendens is composed of collagen fibers oriented parallel to the cartilage surface and encased in a proteoglycan matrix. Such orientation maximizes wear resistance and proteoglycan retention while promoting the passage of nutrients and synovial fluid. Although the structure of the lamina splendens has been explored in the literature, the low-friction interface of this tissue remains only partially characterized. Various functional models are currently available for the interface, such as pure boundary lubrication, thin films exuded under pressure, and sheets of trapped proteins. Recent studies suggest that each of these lubrication models has certain advantages over one another. Further research is needed to fully model the interface of this tissue. In this review, we summarize the methods for characterizing the lamina splendens and the results of each method. This paper aims to serve as a resource for existing studies to date and a roadmap of t

关键词： cartilage lamina splendens characterization,biomechanics orthopaedic review

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Regulatory functions and pathological relevance of the MECP23′UTR in the central nervous system

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Cell Regeneration 2015年第1期4卷 84-93页

作者： heather McGowan Zhiping P.Pang Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Child Health Institute of New JerseyRutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School89 French StreetRoom 3277New BrunswickNJ 08901USA

Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2(MeCP2),encoded by the gene MECP2,is a transcriptional regulator and chromatinremodeling protein,which is ubiquitously expressed and plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS).Highly enriched in post-migratory neurons,MeCP2 is needed for neuronal maturation,including dendritic arborization and the development of ***-of-function mutations in MECP2 cause Rett syndrome(RTT),a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a phase of normal development,followed by the progressive loss of milestones and cognitive *** a great deal has been discovered about the structure,function,and regulation of MeCP2 in the time since its discovery as the genetic cause of RTT,including its involvement in a number of RTT-related syndromes that have come to be known as MeCP2-spectrum disorders,much about this multifunctional protein remains *** unequivocal fact that has become apparent is the importance of maintaining MeCP2 protein levels within a narrow range,the limits of which may depend upon the cell type and developmental time *** such,MeCP2 is amenable to complex,multifactorial ***,we summarize the role of the MECP23'untranslated region(UTR)in the regulation of MeCP2 protein levels and how mutations in this region contribute to autism and other non-RTT neuropsychiatric disorders.

关键词： Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2,3'untranslated region Autism Rett syndrome

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Ultra-hot Mesoproterozoic evolution of intracontinental central Australia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第1期6卷 23-37页

作者： Weronika Gorczyk Hugh Smithies Fawna Korhonen heather Howard Raphael Quentin De Gromard Center for Exploration Targeting School of Earth and EnvironmentThe University of Western Australia Geological Survey of Western Australia

The Musgrave Province developed at the nexus of the North, West and South Australian cratons and its Mesoproterozoic evolution incorporates a 100 Ma period of ultra-high temperature （UHT） meta- morphism from ca. 1220 to ca. 1120 Ma. This was accompanied by high-temperature A-type granitic magmatism over an 80 Ma period, sourced in part from mantle-derived components and emplaced as a series of pulsed events that also coincide with peaks in UHT metamorphism. The tectonic setting for this thermal event （the Musgrave Orogeny） is thought to have been intracontinental and the lithospheric architecture of the region is suggested to have had a major influence on the thermal evolution. We use a series of two dimensional, fully coupled thermo-mechanical-petrological numerical models to investi- gate the plausibility of initiating and prolonging UHT conditions under model setup conditions appro- priate to the inferred tectonic setting and lithospheric architecture of the Musgrave Province. The results support the inferred tectonic framework for the Musgrave Orogeny, predicting periods of UHT meta- morphism of up to 70 Ma, accompanied by thin crust and extensive magmatism derived from both crustal and mantle sources. The results also appear to be critically dependent upon the specific location of the Mus^rave Province. constrained between thicker cratonic masses.

关键词： Ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphism Numerical modeling Intra-continental orogeny

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Comparison of cross sectional optical coherence tomography images of elevated optic nerve heads across acquisition devices and scan protocols

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 163-171页

作者： Megh D.Patel Fareshta Khushzad heather E.Moss Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University2370 Watson Courtsuite 200Palo AltoCA 94303USA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University2370 Watson Courtsuite 200Palo AltoCA 94303USA

Background:Optic nerve head measurements extracted from optical coherence tomography(OCT)show promise for monitoring clinical conditions with elevated optic nerve *** aim of this study is to compare reliability within and between raters and between image acquisition devices of optic nerve measurements derived from OCT scans in eyes with varying degrees of optic nerve ***:Wide angle line scans and narrow angle radial scans through optic nerve heads were obtained using three spectral domain(SD)OCT devices on 5 subjects(6 swollen optic nerves,4 normal optic nerves).Three raters independently semi-manually segmented the internal limiting membrane(ILM)and Bruch’s membrane(BM)on each scan using customized *** rater segmented each scan *** were qualitatively and quantitatively ***-rater,intra-rater and inter-device reliability was assessed for the optic nerve cross sectional area calculated from the ILM and BM segmentations using intraclass correlation coefficients and graphical ***:Line scans from all devices were qualitatively *** scans for which frame rate could not be adjusted were of lower ***-rater reliability for segmentation and optic nerve cross sectional area was better than inter-rater reliability,which was better than inter-device reliability,though all ICC exceeded *** was not impacted by the degree of optic nerve ***:SD-OCT devices acquired similar quality scans of the optic nerve head,with choice of scan protocol affecting the *** image derived markers,variability between devices was greater than that attributable to inter and intra-rater differences.

关键词： Optic nerve head Optical coherence tomography Bruch’s membrane Inner limiting membrane Comparison

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High-performance oxygen reduction catalysts in both alkaline and acidic fuel cells based on pre-treating carbon material and iron precursor

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Science Bulletin 2017年第23期62卷 1602-1608页

作者： Ping Song heather M.Barkholtz Ying Wang Weilin Xu Dijia Liu Lin Zhuang State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University

We demonstrate a new and simple method for pre-treating the carbon material and iron precursor to prepare oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) catalysts, which can produce super-high performance and stability in alkaline solution, with high performance in acid solution. This strategy using cheap materials is simply controllable. Moreover, it has achieved smaller uniform nanoparticles to exhibit high stability, and the synergetic effect of Fe and N offered much higher performance in ORR than commercial Pt/C, with high maximum power density in alkaline and acid fuel cell test. So it can make this kind of catalysts be the most promising alternatives of Pt-based catalysts with best performance/price.

关键词： Pre-treatment Uniform nanoparticle Super-high performance High stability Fuel cell

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Guest editorial-special issue on ground control in mining in 2019

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 1-2页

作者： Michael M.Murphy Ted Klemetti heather Lawson Brijes Mishra Kyle Perry Pittsburgh Mining Research Division NIOSHPittsburghPA 15228USA Spokane Mining Research Division NIOSHSpokaneWA 99207USA Mining Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA Mining&Nuclear Engineering Missouri S&TRollaMO 65409USA

Ground control is the science of studying and controlling the behavior of rock strata in response to mining ***-control-related research has seen significant advancements over the last 39 years,and these accomplishments are well documented in the proceedings of the annual International Conference on Ground Control in Mining(ICGCM)[1].The ICGCM is a forum to promote closer communication among researchers,consultants,regulators,manufacturers,and mine operators to expedite solutions to ground control problems in mining[2–7].Fundamental research and advancements in ground control science define the central core of the conference *** information to mine operators is a priority,as the conference goal is to offer solutions-oriented *** addition,the conference has included innovative technologies and ideas in miningrelated fields such as exploration,geology,and surface and underground mining in all *** new ground control technologies and design standards adopted by the mining industry were first discussed at ***,this conference is recognized as the best international forum for introducing new groundcontrol-related research and products.

关键词： operators closer accomplishment

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Provision,transport and deposition of debris in urban waterways

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第2期30卷 142-149页

作者： Deonie Allen Scott Arthur Nicolas Wallerstien Janice Blanc heather Haynes Heriot-Watt University

The transport of woody debris from urban surfaces,through local urban waterways,to constriction and blockage risk locations is not well *** trials have identified debris and watercourse dimensions as influential factors on debris movement,and large woody debris movement has been traced in the natural rural environment using time series photography,active transponders,and field *** novel passive transponder technology,small woody debris has been traced through an urban case study watercourse to establish key influential factors on urban debris *** incorporating urban debris transport detail into the source and deposition process,a complete picture of urban debris transport can be created,supporting effective culvert and trash screen design,watercourse maintenance and blockage risk *** case study highlights that factors beyond watercourse depth and velocity are influential in debris movement within an urban *** dimension and source location upstream are shown to significantly affect the potential for debris to reach a downstream constriction,illustrating a possible distance limitation in nuisance flow debris blockage risk.

关键词： Urban debris transport Flood risk Blockage Urban gross pollutants Passive integrated transponder technology

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Analysis of gateroad stability at two longwall mines based on field monitoring results and numerical model analysis

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 35-43页

作者： Gabriel S.Esterhuizen David F.Gearhart Ted Klemetti heather Dougherty Mark van Dyke National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Coal mine longwall gateroads are subject to changing loading conditions induced by the advancing longwall face. The ground response and support requirements are closely related to the magnitude and orientation of the stress changes, as well as the local geology. This paper presents the monitoring results of gateroad response and support performance at two longwall mines at a 180-m and 600-m depth of *** the first mine, a three-entry gateroad layout was used. The second mine used a four-entry, yieldabutment-yield gateroad pillar system. Local ground deformation and support response were monitored at both sites. The monitoring period started during the development stage and continued during first panel retreat and up to second panel retreat. The two data sets were used to compare the response of the entries in two very different geotechnical settings and different gateroad layouts. The monitoring results were used to validate numerical models that simulate the loading conditions and entry response for these widely differing conditions. The validated models were used to compare the load path and ground response at the two mines. This paper demonstrates the potential for numerical models to assist mine engineers in optimizing longwall layouts and gateroad support systems.

关键词： Coal mining Longwall Gateroad Support Numerical models

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Surveillance for gastrointestinal malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第33期18卷 4507-4516页

作者： Ashish K Tiwari heather S Laird-Fick Ramesh K Wali Hemant K Roy Department of Internal Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 United States Department of Internal Medicine North Shore University Health System Evanston IL 60021 United States

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are notorious for frequently progressing to advanced stages even in the absence of serious symptoms, thus leading to delayed diagnoses and dismal prognoses. Secondary prevention of GI malignancies through early detection and treatment of cancer-precursor/premalignant lesions, therefore, is recognized as an effective cancer prevention strategy. In order to efficiently detect these lesions, systemic application of screening tests (surveillance) is needed. However, most of the currently used non-invasive screening tests for GI malignancies (for example, serum markers such as alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma, and fecal occult blood test, for colon cancer) are only modestly effective necessitating the use of highly invasive endoscopy-based procedures, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy for screening purposes. Even for hepatocellular carcinoma where non-invasive imaging (ultrasonography) has become a standard screening tool, the need for repeated liver biopsies of suspicious liver nodules for histopathological confirmation can't be avoided. The invasive nature and high-cost associated with these screening tools hinders implementation of GI cancer screening programs. Moreover, only a small fraction of general population is truly predisposed to developing GI malignancies, and indeed needs surveillance. To spare the average-risk individuals from superfluous invasive procedures and achieve an economically viable model of cancer prevention, it's important to identify cohorts in general population that are at substantially high risk of developing GI malignancies (riskstratification), and select suitable screening tests for surveillance in these cohorts. We herein provide a brief overview of such high-risk cohorts for different GI malignancies, and the screening strategies that have commonly been employed for surveillance purpose in them.

关键词：恶性肿瘤胃肠道筛选试验监测平均风险预防癌症预防策略肝细胞癌

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Dynamic mathematical models of HIV/AIDS transmission in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第15期123卷 2120-2127页

作者： WANG Jun-jie Kathleen heather Reilly LUO Jing ZANG Chun-peng WANG Ning National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine USA

Social, cultural, and political aspects of the disease may alter the dynamics of *** the early 1980s, China＇s first outbreak of HIV was found in intravenous drug users （IDUs） and in the mid-1990s,there was a concen... 详细信息

关键词： HIV dynamic model transmission

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