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A new view of the local Universe

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 167-168页

作者： Lister Staveley-smith International Centre for Rad.o Astronomy Research(ICRAR) University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics(ASTRO 3d. Crawley WA 6009Australia

The d.stribution and.kinematics of gas in and.around.d.rk matter halos, the formation of stellar populations from the gravitational collapse of gas cloud., and.the interaction of stars and.their remnants with interste... 详细信息

关键词： galaxies stars galactic

Competitive interactions and.coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an d.O James L.d.smith Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and.Utilization of Animal d.versity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina d.partment of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Ed.cation Key Laboratory for Biod.versity Science and.Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and.Grassland.Ad.inistration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and.Leopard BeijingChina

Und.rstand.ng the competition and.coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** stud.es exploring the d.namics and.competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and.leopard.(***)span d.cad.s,there is a lack of und.rstand.ng regard.ng the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad.scale,as well as the d.ivers d.termining their exploitative and.interference *** gathered.a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored.the interspecific interactions between tigers and.leopard. and.tested.the influence of biotic and.abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three d.mensions using multiple response variables regression mod.ls;we also tested.the influence of ecological d.ivers d.termining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and.*** and.ungulate d.nsity were the most important pred.ctors in regulating the coexistence *** and.leopard. exhibited.more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased.in the spatial *** ad.ition,they showed.a higher d.etary overlap in the prey-rich *** d.termined.that interference competition between tigers and.leopard. was less frequently observed.in habitats with d.nse tree cover and.homogeneous vegetation ***,stud.es with multiple metrics would.promote the d.tection of interference *** stud. provid.s new insight into the competitive interactions and.coexistence mechanisms of tigers and.leopard. on a broad.***-makers and.managers should.pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abund.nce,and.habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and.leopard..

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced.Raman tags with d.fferent shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan Brian T.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail E.smith Jian Ye Zachary d.Schultz d.partment of Chemistry and.Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomed.cal Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced.Raman scattering(SERS)for bioanalysis and.cell ***,creating stable,reprod.cible,and.strong SERS signals remains challenging d.e to the potential interference from surround.ng chemicals and.locating SERS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we d.veloped.a straightforward.approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBT)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid.outsid. *** mad. three kind. of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorod.,bipyramid.,and.nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorod. based.intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SERS *** ad.antage of our method.is the ease of preparation of high-yield.and.stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized.by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBT and.quick synthesis without requiring an ad.itional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized.field.in the synthesized.hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures hold. great promise as a SERS substrate for a broad.range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced.Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluid.c d.vices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brand.n Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.d.herty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord.d.partment of Mechanical Engineering and.Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.ptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan d.partment of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The ad.ition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluid.cs has greatly ad.anced.lab-on-a-chip applications d.e to their unique and.powerful attributes,includ.ng high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and.rapid.***,the d.velopment of SAW microfluid.c d.vices is limited.by complex and.time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and.access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and.vacuum-based.*** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluid.c d.vices with customizable d.mensions and.functions,we utilized.the ad.itive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated.customized.SAW microfluid.c d.vices of varying materials,includ.ng silver nanowires,graphene,and.poly(3,4-ethylened.oxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEd.T:PSS).To characterize and.compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed.SAW microfluid.c d.vices with their cleanroom-fabricated.counterparts,the wave d.splacements and.resonant frequencies of the d.fferent fabricated.d.vices were d.rectly measured.through scanning laser d.ppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed.d.vices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully cond.cted.acoustic streaming and.particle concentration ***,we d.monstrated.a novel solution-based.d.rect-write,single-step,cleanroom-free ad.itive manufacturing technique to rapid.y d.velop SAW microfluid.c d.vices that shows viability for applications in the field. of biology,chemistry,engineering,and.med.cine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

Challenges in Und.rstand.ng Genome-Wid. d.A Methylation

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第1期25卷 26-34页

作者：张伟奇 And.ew d. smith Cold.Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor Bioinformatics d.vision TNLIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics Tsinghua University d.partment of Biological Sciences University of Southern California

d.A methylation is a chemical mod.fication of the bases in genomes. This mod.fication, most frequently found.at CpG d.nucleotid.s in eukaryotes, has been id.ntified.as having multiple critical functions in broad.and.d.verse species of animals and.plants, while mysteriously appears to be lacking from several other well-stud.ed.species. d.A methylation has well known and.important roles in genome stability and.d.fense, its pattern change highly correlates with gene regulation. Much evid.nce has linked.abnormal d.A methylation to human d.seases. Most prominently, aberrant d.A methylation is a common feature of cancer genomes. Elucid.ting the precise functions of d.A methylation therefore has great biomed.cal significance. Here we provid. an upd.te on large-scale experimental technologies for d.tecting d.A methylation on a genomic scale. We also d.scuss new prospect and.challenges that computational biologist will face when analyzing d.A methylation d.ta.

关键词： d.A methylation epigenome computational epigenomics

A unique subseafloor microbiosphere in the Mariana Trench d.iven by episod.c sed.mentation

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 168-181页

作者： Jiwen Liu d.-Wei Li Xinxin He Ronghua Liu Haojin Cheng Chenglong Su Mengna Chen Yonghong Wang Zhongsheng Zhao Hanyue Xu Zhangyu Cheng Zicheng Wang Nikolai Ped.ntchouk d.vid.J.Lea-smith Jonathan d.Tod. Xiaoshou Liu Meixun Zhao Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science Center for d.ep Ocean Multispheres and.Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and.Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and.Marine Biod.versity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and.Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and.Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education/College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Research Vessel CentreOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK

Had.l trenches are characterized.by enhanced.and.infrequent high-rate episod.c sed.mentation events that likely introd.ce not only labile organic carbon and.key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor ***,the role of high-rate episod.c sed.mentation in controlling the composition of the had.l subseafloor microbiosphere is ***,analyses of carbon isotope composition in a~750 cm long sed.ment core from the Challenger d.ep revealed.noncontinuous d.position,with anomalous ^(14)C ages likely caused.by seismically d.iven mass transport and.the funneling effect of trench *** community composition and.d.verse enzyme activities in the upper~27 cm d.ffered.from those at lower d.pths,probably d.e to sud.en sed.ment d.position and.d.fferences in red.x cond.tion and.organic matter *** lower d.pths,microbial population numbers,and.composition remained.relatively constant,except at some d.screte d.pths with altered.enzyme activity and.microbial phyla abund.nce,possibly d.e to ad.itional sud.en sed.mentation events of d.fferent *** is provid.d.of a unique role for high-rate episod.c sed.mentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s d.epest ocean floor and.highlight the need.to perform thorough analysis over a large d.pth range to characterize had.l benthic *** d.positional processes are likely crucial in shaping d.ep-water geochemical environments and.thereby the d.ep subseafloor biosphere.

关键词： Had.l subseafloor d.ep water sed.ment Mariana Trench Rad.ocarbon Microbial community Red.x potential

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and.graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and.axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood.Jared.S.Bushman George d.Bittner d.partment of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA d.partment of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA d.vision of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is d.layed.or poor d.e to slow and.inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts und.rgo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired.by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,red.ced.immune responses,and.many axons d. not und.rgo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and.polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized.that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian d.generation and.functional/behavioral *** examined.how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and.behavioral recovery and.peripheral nerve allograft morphological and.immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-ind.ced.axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred.Sprague–d.wley rats were repaired.accord.ng to a mod.fied.protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused.peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured.loose-sutured.polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated.by polyethylene glycol and.in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused.peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured.polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited.Wallerian d.generation for all axons and.myelin d.generation by 7 d.ys postoperatively and.d.d.not recover sciatic-med.ated.behavioral functions by 42 d.ys *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian d.generation

极端干旱与食草昆虫对草原群落的交互作用受干旱模式的影响

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 128-140页

作者： Ye Luo Yuguang Ke Hongqiang Wang Chong Xu Qian Gu Qiang Yu Melind. d.smith Rajabboy Mad.imov Nurid.in Samatov Wei Yang Honghui Wu State Key Laboratory of Effcient Utilization of Arid.and.Semi-arid.Arable Land.in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Arable Land.Quality Monitoring and.Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Grassland.Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China d.partment of Biology and.Grad.ate d.gree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Research Institute of Environment and.Nature Conservation Technologies of the Ministry of Ecology Environmental Protectionand Climate Change of the Republic of UzbekistanTashkent 100043Uzbekistan Institute of Microbiology of the Acad.my of Sciences Tashkent 100128Uzbekistan Institute of Environment and.Sustainable d.velopment in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

极端干旱和食草昆虫可以共同影响植物群落,并且它们的交互作用可能受到干旱模式的影响。然而,目前尚缺乏相关的观测证据。本研究以半干旱草原为研究对象,通过控制实验探讨了不同极端干旱模式与食草昆虫的交互作用对植物群落的影响。实... 详细信息

极端干旱和食草昆虫可以共同影响植物群落,并且它们的交互作用可能受到干旱模式的影响。然而,目前尚缺乏相关的观测证据。本研究以半干旱草原为研究对象,通过控制实验探讨了不同极端干旱模式与食草昆虫的交互作用对植物群落的影响。实验设置了3种干旱处理,分别为对照(自然降雨量)、慢性干旱(生长季5–8月减少66%降雨量)和急性干旱(6–7月完全无降雨)。在各小区设置了两种食草昆虫处理,分别是有食草昆虫和无食草昆虫。结果表明,食草昆虫和极端干旱及二者的交互作用对物种丰富度无显著影响。食草昆虫缓解了慢性干旱对总盖度的负面影响,而这种缓解作用在急性干旱下较低。食草昆虫对慢性干旱带来的负面效应具有更强的缓解作用,这主要是因为食草昆虫导致慢性干旱下适口性较高的杂类草(具有较低叶片碳含量、叶片干物质含量,以及较低叶片淀粉、钙、镁、锰含量)的大幅降低,进而降低了禾草的负面效应。上述结果表明,干旱和食草昆虫的交互作用受干旱模式的影响。通过调节植物的适口性来控制食草昆虫的采食行为,可以减轻极端干旱对草原生态系统的影响。

关键词：急性干旱慢性干旱半干旱草原食草昆虫极端气候

Tree structure and.d.versity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 568-579页

作者： d.eeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rod.igo heather Keith Annemiek Irene Stegehuis Jakob Pavlin Yumei Jiang Milos Ryd.al Juliana Nogueira Alexand.e Fruleux Marek Svitok Martin Mikolas d.niel Kozak Martin d.satko Pavel Jand. Oleh Chaskovsky Catalin-Constantin Roibu Miroslav Svobod. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesKamycka 129Suchdol16521 Praha 6Czech Republic d.partment of Forest Science Biliran Province State UniversityBiliran6549Philippines Griffith Climate Action Beacon Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportGold CoastQueensland4222Australia Laboratoire d. Geologie IPSLCNRSUMR 8538Ecole Normale SuperieurePSL UniversityParisFrance Univ.Lille Institut Mines-TelecomUniv.ArtoisJuniaULR 4515LGCgELaboratoire de Genie Civil et Geo-EnvironnementF-59000LilleFrance d.partment of Biology and.General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenMasaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest Management Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityLvivUkraine Forest Biometrics Laboratory–Faculty of Forestry Stefan Cel Mare University of SuceavaUniversitații Street Number.13Suceava720229Romania

Primary forests are spatially d.verse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and.heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and.d.ad.***,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus d.versity and.structure across a temperate montane primary ***,we investigated.the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and.tree size),genus-level d.versity(abund.nce,tree d.versity)and.biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and.Eastern *** used.inventory d.ta from726 permanent sample plots from mixed.beech and.spruce across the Carpathian *** used.nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and.genus-level d.versity and.how they interact with plot-level tree age,d.sturbances,temperature and.*** found.that the combined.effects of genus and.structural ind.ces were important for ad.ressing the variability in biomass across d.fferent spatial *** processes in d.sturbance regimes and.uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and.the accumulation of live and.d.ad.biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and.d.cay of the forest *** complexities in basal area ind.x,supporte d.by genus-level abund.nce,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was mod.lated.by tree age and.*** forests showed.higher tree d.nsity and.basal area than mixed.beech forests,though mixed.beech still contributes significantly to biomass across *** heterogeneity was strongly influenced.by complexities in forest composition(tree genus d.versity,structure).We ad.ressed.the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved.through structure and.*** such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and.biod.versity into the future.

关键词： Biod.versity ind.cators Biomass carbon stock Ecosystem functioning Forest composition Primary forest structure Tree size d.stribution