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Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第9期58卷 1377-1384页

作者： Tengyu liu Xinming Wang Wei Deng Yanli Zhang Biwu Chu xiang Ding Qihou Hu Hong he Jiming Hao State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

Ammonia(NH3) plays vital roles in new particle formation and atmospheric chemistry. Although previous studies have revealed that it also influences the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOA) from ozonolysis of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs), the influence of NH3 on particle formation from complex mixtures such as vehicle exhausts is still poorly understood. here we directly introduced gasoline vehicles exhausts(GVE) into a smog chamber with NH3 absorbed by denuders to examine the role of NH3 in particle formation from GVE. We found that removing NH3 from GVE would greatly suppress the formation and growth of particles. Adding NH3 into the reactor after 3 h photo-oxidation of GVE, the particle number concentration and mass concentrations jumped explosively to much higher levels, indicating that the numbers and mass of particles might be enhanced when aged vehicle exhausts are transported to rural areas and mixed with NH3-rich plumes. We also found that the presence of NH3 had no significant influence on SOA formation from GVE. Very similar oxygen to carbon(O:C) and hydrogen to carbon(H:C) ratios resolved by aerosol mass spectrometer with and without NH3 indicated that the presence of NH3 also had no impact on the average carbon oxidation state of SOA from GVE.

关键词： ammonia vehicle exhaust secondary organic aerosols(SOA) smog chamber fine particles nitrogen oxides volatile organic compounds

Effects of Al contents on microstructure and properties of hot-dip Zn-Al alloy coatings on hydrogen reduced hot-rolled steel without acid pickling

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第10期24卷 1032-1040页

作者： Zhi-feng Li Yong-quan he Guang-ming Cao Jun-jian Tang xiang-jun Zhang Zhen-yu liu State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University School of Mechatronics Engineering Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics

A new hot-dip galvanizing method was employed on hot-rolled low carbon *** effects of Al contents on microstructure,micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings were systematically *** composition,microstructure and element distribution in Zn-Al alloy coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction（XRD）and electron probe micro analysis（EPMA）,*** is found that Al content（0.6-6.0 wt.%）in galvanizing zinc affects surface quality and adhesion between coatings and matrix in the newly developed *** addition,with increasing Al content,micro-hardness significantly increased due to the increase in Zn-Al eutectoid *** polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）also revealed that increase in Al plays a noticeable role in improving the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings.

关键词： Hot-rolled steel strip Hydrogen reduction Eutectoid structure Micro-hardnessCorrosion resistance Zn-Al alloy coating

Mepiquat chloride increases the Cry1Ac protein content of Bt cotton under high temperature and drought stress by regulating carbon and amino acid metabolism

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第12期23卷 4032-4045页

作者： Dian Jin Yuting liu Zhenyu liu Yuyang Dai Jianing Du Run he Tianfan Wu Yuan Chen Dehua Chen xiang Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

The effects of mepiquat chloride(DPC)on the Cry1Ac protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt cotton breeding and high-yield and-efficiency cotton *** study was conducted using Bt cotton cultivar‘Sikang 3'during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at Yangzhou University Farm,Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,*** cotton plants were exposed to high temperature and drought stress,and sprayed with either 20 mg L^(-1)DPC or water(CK).Seven days after treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content,α-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content were measured,and transcriptome sequencing was *** was used for differential gene *** the DPC treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content increased by 4.7-11.9% compared to ***α-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content all *** analysis revealed 7,542 upregulated genes and 10,449 downregulated genes for DPC *** ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biological processes,such as carbon and amino acid *** example,genes encoding 6-phosphofructokinase,pyruvate kinase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase,pyruvate dehydrogenase,citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,glutamate synthase,1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,amino-acid N-acetyltransferase,and acetylornithine deacetylase were all significantly *** DPC treatment increased pyruvate,α-ketoglutarate,and oxaloacetate by increasing the operational rate of the glycolytic pathway of the citric acid cycl

关键词： amino acid metabolism Bt cotton carbon metabolism Cry1Ac protein mepiquat chloride

The Application of Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease on the Motor Pathway:A Bibliometric Analysis across 10 Years

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Current Medical Science 2023年第6期43卷 1247-1257页

作者： Yong-tang SONG Yan-bo liu Hong-bing xiang Anne Manyande Zhi-gang he Medical Association of Hubei Province Wuhan430060China Department of Anesthesiology Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain HealthWuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China School of Human and Social Sciences University of West LondonLondon0044UK Department of Emergency Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Department of Critical Care Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China

Background and Objective Since its initial report by James Parkinson in 1817,Parkinson’s disease(PD)has remained a central subject of research and clinical *** disease is estimated to affect approximately 1%of adults aged 60 and *** brain stimulation,emerging as an alternative therapy for end-stage cases,has offered a lifeline to numerous *** review aimed to analyze publications pertaining to the impact of deep brain stimulation on the motor pathway in patients with PD over the last *** Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection through the library of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(China).The search strategy encompassed the following keywords:“deep brain stimulation”,“Parkinson’s disease”,“motor pathway”,and“human”,from January 1,2012,to December 1,***,this review visualized the findings using the Citespace *** The results indicated that the United States,the United Kingdom,Germany,and China were the primary contributors to this research *** College London,Capital Medical University,and Maastricht University were the top 3 research institutions in the research *** Foltynie ranked first with 6 publications,and the journals of Brain and Brain Stimulation published the greatest number of relevant *** prevailing research focal points in this domain,as determined by keywords“burst analysis”,“encompassed neuronal activity”,“nucleus”,“hyper direct pathway”,*** This study has provided a new perspective through bibliometric analysis of the deep brain stimulation therapy for treating patients with PD,which can shed light on future research to advance our comprehension of this particular field of study.

关键词： deep brain stimulation Parkinson’s disease motor pathway bibliometric analysis

Improving biodegradation potential of domestic wastewater by manipulating the size distribution of organic matter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第9期28卷 174-182页

作者： xiang liu Qiuwen Chen Liang Zhu College of Environment Hohai University Center for Eco-Environmental Research Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute

Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater ***,the functions of particulate organic matter（POM） and some organics with high molecular weight（HMW） are overlooked in the conventional process,as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial *** further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent ***,to better characterize organic matter（OM） based MW distribution,microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration（MF/UF/NF） membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM,which obtained seven *** acidification（HA） was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter（DOM） and further explore the correlation between molecular size and *** showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM,but also boosted *** 8 hr of HA,the concentration of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased by 65%,from the initial value of20.25 to 33.48 mg/L,and the biodegradability index（BOD5（biochemical oxygen demand）/SCOD（soluble chemical oxygen demand）） increased from 0.52 to *** MW distribution analysis and composition optimization,a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained,which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.

关键词： Domestic wastewater treatment Hydrolysis acidification Carbon source Biodegradability Molecular weight distribution

Consensus of Single Integrator Multi-Agent Systems with Unbounded Transmission Delays

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第3期32卷 778-788页

作者： XU xiang liu Lu FENG Gang Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong

This paper investigates the consensus problem of single integrator multi-agent systems with unbounded time-varying transmission delays and fixed di rec ted topology. A dist ributed cont roller is proposed taking into consideration the unbounded transmission delays. It is shown that the consensus problem can be solved via the proposed controller under the spanning tree assumption and the nocycle assumption. The authors characterize the no-cycle assumption and prove the consensus of the concerned multi-agent systern with an induction procedure. Two simulation examples are provided, one to illustrate the effectiveness of our result and the other to show the necessity of the no-cycle assumption.

关键词： Consensus multi-agent systems unbounded transmission delays

Cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles for vaccines and immunotherapy

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Particuology 2022年第5期20卷 35-42页

作者： Wei xiang Xue liu Lili Zhang Chao liu Gang liu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health.Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China ShenZhen Research Institute of Xiamen University.Shenzhen 518057 China

Functionalized nanoparticles are widely used in drug targeted delivery and immune microenvironment *** a new type of biomaterial,cell-derived carriers are receiving considerable attention in clinical translation owing to their desirable biocompatibility and lower ***,cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles can achieve specific biological effects from the benefit of their parent cell *** this review,we introduce the cell membrane coating technologies that are under extensive investigation,we also summarize various applications that have been developed for immunotherapy,and discuss the prospects in this *** further understanding and integration with advanced biotechnology methods,it is believed that the continuing development of cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles will achieve promotion in clinical application.

关键词： Cell membrane Nanoparticle Vaccine Immunotherapy

Study of droplet flow in a T-shape microchannel with bottom wall fluctuation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2018年第4期34卷 632-643页

作者： Yan Pang xiang Wang Zhaomiao liu College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology

Droplet generation in a T-shape microchannel, with a main channel width of 50 μm, side channel width of 25 μm, and height of 50 μm, is simulated to study the effects of the forced fluctuation of the bottom wall. The periodic fluctuations of the bottom wall are applied on the near junction part of the main channel in the T-shape microchannel. Effects of bottom wall＇s shape,fluctuation periods, and amplitudes on the droplet generation are covered in the research of this protocol. In the simulation,the average size is affected a little by the fluctuations, but significantly by the fixed shape of the deformed bottom wall, while the droplet size range is expanded by the fluctuations under most of the conditions. Droplet sizes are distributed in a periodic pattern with small amplitude along the relative time when the fluctuation is forced on the bottom wall near the T-junction,while the droplet emerging frequency is not varied by the fluctuation. The droplet velocity is varied by the bottom wall motion,especially under the shorter period and the larger amplitude. When the fluctuation period is similar to the droplet emerging period, the droplet size is as stable as the non-fluctuation case after a development stage at the beginning of flow, while the droplet velocity is varied by the moving wall with the scope up to 80% of the average velocity under the conditions of this investigation.

关键词： Droplet length Droplet generation Forced fluctuation Droplet velocity

A ROBUST TRUST REGION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING GENERAL NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2001年第3期19卷 309-322页

作者： Xin-wei liu Ya-xiang Yuan State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering ComputingAcademy of Mathematics and Systems SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Faculty of Science and Arts Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

Provides information on a study which presented a trust region approach for solving nonlinear constrained optimization. Algorithm of the trust region approach; Information on the global convergence of the algorithm; N... 详细信息

关键词： trust region algorithm nonlinear programming