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Presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water samples from Southeast Asia: towards an integrated water detection system

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 15-26页

作者： Thulasi Kumar Mohamad Azlan Abd Majid Subashini Onichandran Narong Jaturas Hemah Andiappan Cristina C.Salibay hazel a.l.tabo Norbel tabo Julieta Z.Dungca Jitbanjong Tangpong Sucheep Phiriyasamith Boonyaorn Yuttayong Raxsina Polseela Binh Nhu Do Nongyao Sawangjaroen Tian-Chye Tan Yvonne A.l.lim Veeranoot Nissapatorn Department of Parasitology(Southeast Asia Water Team) Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Biological Science Department College of Science and Computer StudiesDe La Salle University-DasmariñasDasmariñasPhilippines School of Science and Technology Centro Escolar UniversityManilaPhilippines School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health Walailak UniversityNakhon Si ThammaratThailand. Graduate School Kasem Bundit UniversityBangkokThailand. Regional Medical Sciences Center Department of Medical SciencesMinistry of Public HealthNakhon RatchasimaThailand. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand. Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineVietnam Military Medical University160 Phung Hung RoadPhuc La WardHa Dong DistrictHanoiVietnam Department of Microbiology Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand

Background:Access to clean and safe drinking water that is free from pathogenic protozoan parasites,especially Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans,is still an issue in Southeast Asia(SEA).This study is the first attempt to detect the aforementioned protozoan parasites in water samples from countries in SEA,using real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)***:A total of 221 water samples of 10 l each were collected between April and October 2013 from Malaysia(53),Thailand(120),the Philippines(33),and Vietnam(15).A physicochemical analysis was *** water samples were processed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s methods 1622/1623.1,microscopically observed and subsequently screened using qPCR ***:Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10),with a concentration of 0.06±0.19 oocyst/l,and untreated water samples from Thailand(25/93),Malaysia(17/44),and the Philippines(11/23),with concentrations ranging from 0.13±0.18 to 0.57±1.41 oocyst/*** cysts were found in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10),with a concentration of 0.02±0.06 cyst/l,and in untreated water samples from Thailand(20/93),Vietnam(5/10),Malaysia(22/44),and the Philippines(16/23),with concentrations ranging from 0.12±0.3 to 8.90±19.65 cyst/*** pathogens *** and *** were detected using using qPCR assays by targeting the 138-bp fragment and the small subunit gene,*** was detected in untreated water samples from the Philippines(1/23)and Malaysia(2/44),whilst,*** detected was detected in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10)and in untreated water samples from Thailand(21/93),Malaysia(12/44),and the Philippines(17/23).Nitrate concentration was found to have a high positive correlation with(oo)cyst(0.993).Conclusion:The presence of(oo)cysts in the water samples means that there is potential risk for

关键词： Cryptosporidium parvum Giardia lamblia Physicochemical Microscopy Real-time polymerase chain reaction Southeast Asia

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Water softening by induced crystallization in fluidized bed

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第12期28卷 109-116页

作者： Yuefang Che Rong Fan Danfeng An Yujie Cheng hazel Tan School of Civil and Environment Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China.

Fluidized bed and induced crystallization technology were combined to design a new type of induced crystallization fluidized bed reactor. The added particulate matter served as crystal nucleus to induce crystallization so that the insoluble material, which was in a saturated state, could precipitate on its surface. In this study, by filling the fluidized bed with quartz sand and by adjusting water pH, precipitation of calcium carbonate was induced on the surface of quartz sand, and the removal of water hardness was achieved. With a reactor influent flow of 60 l/hr, a fixed-bed height of 0.5 m, pH value of 9.5, quartz sand nuclear diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm, and a reflux ratio of 60%, the effluent concentration of calcium hardness was reduced to 60 mg/l and 86.6% removal efficiency was achieved. The resulting effluent reached the quality standard set for circulating cooling water. Majority of the material on the surface of quartz sand was calculated to be calcium carbonate based on energy spectrum analysis and moisture content was around 15.994%. With the low moisture content, dewatering treatment is no longer required and this results to cost savings on total water treatment process.

关键词： Fluidized bed Induced crystallization Hardness Softening capability Quartz sand

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Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： Jessica MITCHEll Michael A. CANT Emma I.K. VITIKAINEN hazel J. NICHOlS School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

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All Roads lead to Susceptibility: The Many Modes of Action of Fungal and Oomycete Intracellular Effectors

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Plant Communications 2020年第4期1卷 1-12页

作者： Qin He hazel Mclellan Petra C.Boevink Paul R.J.Birch Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(HZAU) Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology(HZAU)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Division of Plant Sciences School of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee(at JHI)InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK Cell and Molecular Sciences James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK These authors contributed equally to this article.

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant ***,we review intracellular effectors from filamentous(fungal and oomycete)phytopathogens and the host proteins and processes that are targeted to promote *** cover contrasting virulence strategies and effector modes of *** pathogen effectors alter the fates of host proteins that they target,changing their stability,their activity,their location,and the protein partners with which they *** effectors inhibit target activity,whereas others enhance or utilize it,and some target multiple host *** discuss the emerging topic of effectors that target negative regulators of immunity or other plant proteins with activities that support *** also highlight the commonly targeted host proteins that are manipulated by effectors from multiple pathogens,including those representing different kingdoms of life.

关键词： effectors fungi oomycete immunity defense susceptibility factor

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Is overhydration in peritoneal dialysis patients associated with cardiac mortality that might be reversible?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第5期5卷 448-454页

作者： Elizabeth Oei Klara Paudel Annemarie Visser hazel Finney Stanley l Fan Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation Barts Health NHS Trust Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Barts Health NHS Trust Department of Clinical Biochemistry Barts Health NHS Trust

AIMTo study the relationship between overhydration （OH） in peritoneal dialysis （PD） patients and cardiac ***, as measured by body composition monitor （BCM）, is associated with increased mortality in dialysis pa-tients. BCM has been used to guide treatment on the assumption that correcting OH will improve cardiac morbidity and mortality although data demonstrating causality that is reversible is limited. We wished to determine if OH in PD patients predicted cardiac mor-tality, and if there was a correlation between OH and cardiac troponin-T （cTnT） levels. Finally, we wished to determine if improving OH values would lead to a decrement in cTnT. All prevalent PD patients over the study period of 57 mo who had contemporaneous BCM and cTnT measurements were followed irrespective of transplantation or PD technique failure. We also studied a cohort of patients with who had severe OH （〉＋2l）.The Fresenius Body Composition Monitor was used to obtain hydration parameters. cTnT levels were done as part of routine clinical care. Data was analysed using SPSS version *** were 48 deaths in the 336 patients. The patients that died from cardiac or non-cardiac causes were similar with respect to their age, incidence of diabetes mellitus, gender, ethnicity and cause of renal failure. However, the patients with cardiac causes of death had significantly shorter dialysis vintage （10.3 mo vs 37.0 mo, P 〈 0.0001） and were significantly more overhydrated by BCM measurement （2.95 l vs 1.35 l, P 〈 0.05）. The mean （standard error of the means） hydration status of the 336 patients was ＋1.15 （0.12） l and the median [interquartile range （IQR）] cTnT level was 43.5 （20-90） ng/l. The cTnT results were not normally distributed and were therefore transformed logarithmically. There was a statistically significant correlation between log （cTnT） with the OH value （Spearman r value 0.425, P 〈 0.0001）. We identifed a sub-group of patients that were severely overhydrated; m

关键词： Bioimpedance Fluid status Peritoneal dialysis Mortality Overhydration Cardiac troponin

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Monarchs in decline： a collateral landscape-level effect of modern agriculture

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 528-541页

作者： Carl Stenoien Kelly R. Nail Jacinta M. Zalucki hazel Parry Karen S. Oberhauser Myron P. Zalucki Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota Australia Conservation Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA School of Environmental Studies Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences Precinct Brisbane Queensland Australia Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

We review the postulated threatening processes that may have affected the de- cline in the eastern population of the monarch butterfly, Danausplexippus l. （lepidoptera： Nymphalidae）, in North America. Although there are likely multiple contributing factors, such as climate and resource-related effects on breeding, migrating, and overwintering populations, the key landscape-level change appears to be associated with the widespread use of genetically modified herbicide resistant crops that have rapidly come to dominate the extensive core summer breeding range. We dismiss misinterpretations of the apparent lack of population change in summer adult count data as logically flawed. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean and maize have enabled the extensive use of this herbicide, generating widespread losses of milkweed （Asclepias spp.）, the only host plants for monarch larvae. Modeling studies that simulate lifetime realized fecundity at a landscape scale, direct counts of milkweeds, and extensive citizen science data across the breeding range suggest that a herbicide-induced, landscape-level reduction in milkweed has precipitated the decline in monarchs. A recovery will likely require a monumental effort for the re-establishment of milkweed resources at a commensurate landscape scale.

关键词： Asclepias citizen science conservation Danausplexippus migration transgenic GM crops

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The Ubiquitin E3 ligase PUB17 Positively Regulates Immunity by Targeting a Negative Regulator, KH17, for Degradation

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Plant Communications 2020年第4期1卷 75-86页

作者： hazel Mclellan Kai Chen Qin He Xintong Wu Petra C.Boevink Zhendong Tian Paul R.J.Birch Division of Plant Science School of Life ScienceUniversity of Dundee(at JHI)InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(HZAU) Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology(HZAU)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Cell and Molecular Science James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that regulates many processes in *** ubiquitin E3 ligases act as either positive or negative regulators of immunity by promoting the degradation of different ***17 is an E3 ligase that has previously been shown to positively regulate immunity to bacteria,fungi and oomycetes,including the late blight pathogen Phytophthora *** of StPUB17 promotes pathogen colonization and attenuates Cf4/avr4 cell *** yeast-2-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation we identified the putative K-homology(KH)RNA-binding protein(RBP),StKH17,as a candidate substrate for degradation by ***17 acts as a negative regulator of immunity that promotes *** infection and suppresses specific immune pathways.A KH RBP domain mutant of StKH17(StKH17GDDG)is no longer able to negatively regulate immunity,indicating that RNA binding is likely required for StKH17 *** StPUB17 is a known target of the ubiquitin E3 ligase,StPOB1,we reveal an additional step in an E3 ligase regulatory cascade that controls plant defense.

关键词： oomycete plant disease late blight E3 ligase KH RNA-binding protein

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自由生活耐心过

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明日风尚 2011年第4期 106-119页

作者： hazel 李黎洪宇吴飞

"l love the life I live,I live the life llove……"Muddy Waters唱出此种理想生活,"过着的生活正爱,爱着的日子正过。"五十年时光翩然过去,有范例了吗?或者,可否不把理想与现实放置两边对照和讨论,反而从个性入手上溯出一种模型?

关键词：古奇朝九晚五十年早年间就是你鸟声平淡自然可真方寸之间个人色彩

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Numerical Bifurcation Methods and their Application to Fluid Dynamics: Analysis beyond Simulation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第1期15卷 1-45页

作者： Henk A.Dijkstra Fred W.Wubs Andrew K.Cliffe Eusebius Doedel Ioana F.Dragomirescu Bruno Eckhardt Alexander Yu.Gelfgat Andrew l.hazel Valerio lucarini Andy G.Salinger Erik T.Phipps Juan Sanchez-Umbria Henk Schuttelaars laurette S.Tuckerman Uwe Thiele Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands. School of Mathematical Sciences University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Computer Science Concordia UniversityMontrealCanada. National Centre for Engineering Systems of Complex Fluids University Politehnica of TimisoaraRomania. Fachbereich Physik Philipps-Universitat MarburgMarburgGermany. School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTel-Aviv UniversityTel-AvivIsrael. School of Mathematics University of ManchesterManchesterUK. Meteorological Institute KlimacampusUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany. Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of ReadingReadingUK. Sandia National laboratories AlbuquerqueUSA. Departament de Fisica Aplicada Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain. Department of Applied Mathematical Analysis TU DelftDelftthe Netherlands. PMMH-ESPCI ParisFrance. Department of Mathematical Sciences Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK.

We provide an overview of current techniques and typical applications of numerical bifurcation analysis in fluid dynamical *** of these problems are characterized by high-dimensional dynamical systems which undergo transitions as parameters are *** computation of the critical conditions associated with these transitions,popularly referred to as‘tipping points’,is important for understanding the transition *** describe the two basic classes of methods of numerical bifurcation analysis,which differ in the explicit or implicit use of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamical *** numerical challenges involved in both methods are mentioned and possible solutions to current bottlenecks are *** demonstrate that numerical bifurcation techniques are not restricted to relatively low-dimensional dynamical systems,we provide several examples of the application of the modern techniques to a diverse set of fluid mechanical problems.

关键词： Numerical bifurcation analysis transitions in fluid flows high-dimensional dynamical systems.

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人人心中有一本童书

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明日风尚 2012年第6期 162-165页

作者： hazel 安利段萌

"因此我们必须记住,现代童年的范例也是现代成人的范例。当我们谈论我们希望孩子成为什么的时候,我们其实是在l兑我们自己是什么。我们甚至可以大言不惭地说,如果说在西方文明中人的移情和情感,即单纯的人性,有所成长的话,那么它始终是... 详细信息

"因此我们必须记住,现代童年的范例也是现代成人的范例。当我们谈论我们希望孩子成为什么的时候,我们其实是在l兑我们自己是什么。我们甚至可以大言不惭地说,如果说在西方文明中人的移情和情感,即单纯的人性,有所成长的话,那么它始终是跟随童年的脚步一起成长起来的。"——《童年的消逝》

关键词：一本摄影艺术家松居直童年期中产阶级家庭文艺青年中央美术学院空间概念教育类距离感

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