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致敬harry Kesten(1931-2019):生平和学术回顾

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数学译林 2020年第3期39卷 248-260页

作者： Geoffrey R.Grimmett Gregory f.Lawler 苏中根(译) 林正炎(校) 不详芝加哥大学

harry Kesten自1950年代中期以来的数学成就已经使概率论作为一个学科,无论就其本身而言,还是就其与代数、分析、几何和统计物理方面的关系而言,都发生了革命性变化.通过其个人魅力和学术能力,他已经塑造了这门现代学科,达到无人能超越... 详细信息

harry Kesten自1950年代中期以来的数学成就已经使概率论作为一个学科,无论就其本身而言,还是就其与代数、分析、几何和统计物理方面的关系而言,都发生了革命性变化.通过其个人魅力和学术能力,他已经塑造了这门现代学科,达到无人能超越的程度.harry让人想到高度诚实、谦逊与随和,他在营造活泼开放的研究团体中担任重要角色.

关键词：学术能力现代学科统计物理学术回顾概率论数学成就个人魅力

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David fletcher Edmilson Dias de freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.f.Rogers Runming Yao fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

2019年全球、地区和国家5岁以下儿童呼吸道合胞病毒引发急性下呼吸道感染疾病负担研究的系统分析

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中国病毒病杂志 2023年第2期13卷 81-95页

作者： You Li Xin Wang Dianna M.Blau Mauricio T.Caballero Daniel R.feikin Christopher J.Gill Shabir A.Madhi Saad B.Omer Eric A.f Simoes harry Campbell Ana Bermejo Pariente Darmaa Bardach Quique Bassat Jean-Sebastien Casalegno Giorgi Chakhunashvili Nigel Crawford Daria Danilenko Lien Anh Ha Do Marcela Echavarria Angela Gentile Aubree Gordon Terho Heikkinen QSue Huang Sophie Jullien Anand Krishnan Eduardo Luis Lopez Josko Markic Ainara Mira-Iglesias Hannah CMoore Jocelyn Moyes Lawrence Mwananyanda DJames Nokes faseeha Noordeen Evangeline Obodai Nandhini Palani Candice Romero Vahid Salimi Ashish Satav Euri Seo Zakhar Shchomak Rosalyn Singleton Kirill Stolyarov Sonia K Stoszek Anne von Gottberg Danielle Wurzel Lay-Myint Yoshida Chee fu Yung Heather J Zar Harish Nair 张甜甜从兵兵邓舒予不详南京医科大学公共卫生学院江苏南京211166

背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RS... 详细信息

背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RSV相关社区死亡的更精确估计。本文旨在更新2019年全球、地区和国家层面60月龄以下儿童RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率和死亡率,重点关注总体死亡率和在研RSV免疫制剂针对的更窄的婴儿年龄组。方法检索获得MEDLINE、Embase、Global Health、CINAHL、Web of Science、LILACS、OpenGrey、中国知网、万方和维普数据库2017—2020年发表文献中的新数据,并纳入RSV GEN合作者提供的未发表数据,以扩展全球RSV疾病负担数据集。纳入的研究符合以下条件:报告了社区中或需要住院治疗的60月龄以下儿童RSV原发性急性下呼吸道感染的数据;报告了至少连续12个月的数据,但院内病死率或RSV季节性定义明确的地区除外;报告了RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率、院内病死率或急性下呼吸道感染住院的RSV阳性比例。如果病例定义不明或应用不一致、RSV感染未经实验室确认或仅基于血清学检测、报告的急性下呼吸道感染病例少于50例,则排除该研究。本研究应用广义线性混合效应模型(generalized linear mixed-effects model,GLMM)估计了2019年全球和地区(按国家发展状况和世界银行收入分类)RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率和院内病死率;通过基于危险因素的模型估计了国家层面RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率;通过GLMM开发了新模型,纳入最新的RSV社区死亡率数据,用于估计RSV的总体死亡率。本综述已在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021252400)。结果除了先前综述中纳入的317项研究外,还纳入了113项符合条件的新研究以及51项未发表的研究,共计481项研究。据估计,2019年全球60月龄以下儿童中,共发生3 300万(置信区间为2 540万~4 460万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致360万(290万~460万)例住院、26 300(15 100~49 100)例院内死亡以及101 400(84 500~125 200)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。在0~6个月的婴儿中,共发生660万(460万~970万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致140万(100万~200万)例住院、13 300(6 800~28 100)例院内死亡以及45 700(38 400~55 900)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。60月龄以下和28 d~6月龄儿童的死亡中分别有2.0%(置信区间为1.6%~2.4%)和3.6%(3.0%~4.4%)归因于RSV。在各年龄组中,95%以上的RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染事件和97%以上的可归因于RSV的死亡事件都发生在中低收入国家。结论 RSV显著增加了全球60月龄以下儿童的发病和死亡负担,尤其是在出生后前6个月和中低收入国家。本研究强调了全球RSV疾病的总体死亡率负担,60月龄以下儿童中,每50例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV;28 d至6个月大的婴儿中,每28例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV。每1例RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染院内死亡,对应社区中约3例可归因于RSV的死亡。对6月龄内婴儿提供保护的RSV被动免疫计划有望对减轻RSV疾病负担,但实施计划时,仍需要更多数据来了解RSV疾病负担高峰可能向大龄转移的影响。

关键词：呼吸道合胞病毒下呼吸道感染儿童疾病负担住院发病率死亡率病死率模型估计系统分析

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1例早产儿在阿昔洛韦抑制治疗期间的单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎潜伏期中的应用

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 41-41页

作者： fonseca-Aten M. Messina A.f. Jafri H.S. Snchez P.J. 王经纬 Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390-9063 United States Dr.

Cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection was recognized at 19 days of age in a 1415-g female infant born at 31 weeks of gestation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSf) HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative, and MRI of the brain was normal. After a 14-day course of high-dose intravenous acyclovir, the infant developed a cutaneous recurrence at 38 days of age. CSf HSV PCR again was negative. She was subsequently begun on oral acyclovir to prevent cutaneous reactivation of HSV. At 3 months of age, the infant developed HSV encephalitis as manifested by fever, seizures, abnormal CSf indices, abnormal brain MRI, and positive CSf HSV PCR. No cutaneous disease was present. It is not known whether the HSV encephalitis in our patient represented reactivation of previously unrecognized central nervous system infection or new onset of central nervous system disease as a result of spread from other tissue or site to the brain. The failure of oral acyclovir to prevent such an occurrence, however, highlights gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of neonatal HSV disease and questions the use of acyclovir suppression to prevent neurologic sequelae.

关键词：抑制治疗神经系统后遗症聚合酶链反应出生后预防复发单纯疱疹病毒发病机制生时

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使用主动脉弓脉冲速度可独立于其他心血管危险因素之外预测白质高信号体积

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第4期 377-377页

作者： K.S. King K. Chen K.M. Hulsey R.W. McColl M.f. Weiner P.A. Nakonezny 毛子婧 Department of Radiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390

目的评估达拉斯多民族心脏研究参与者的主动脉弓脉冲速度(PWV)与后期发生的与其他基线心血管危险因素无关的大脑微血管病变的关系。材料与方法本次前瞻性研究经机构审查委员会批准并符合HIPAA标准,所有受试者签署知情同意书。使用相位对... 详细信息

目的评估达拉斯多民族心脏研究参与者的主动脉弓脉冲速度(PWV)与后期发生的与其他基线心血管危险因素无关的大脑微血管病变的关系。材料与方法本次前瞻性研究经机构审查委员会批准并符合HIPAA标准,所有受试者签署知情同意书。使用相位对比MR成像测量主动脉弓PWV,受试者(n=1270)从达拉斯心脏研究中随机抽取。于7年后,使用MR成像确定脑白质高信号(WMH)的体积。将主动脉弓PWV,其他15个心血管危险因素,以及病人的年龄、性别、种族用于预测WMH,并进行线性回归分析。采用简洁的绝对偏差惩罚变量选择方法评估最佳的预测危险因素模型。结果主动脉弓的PWV有助于预测WMH体积,且不受其他人口统计学和心血管危险因素的影响(回归系数:0.29,标准误:0.06;95%CI:0.17～0.42;P<0.0001)。经性别和种族校正后的后期WMH体积的最佳预测变量包括主动脉PWV、年龄、收缩压、高血压的治疗、充血性心力衰竭。作者估计当模型中所有其他变量保持恒定时,主动脉弓的PWV(m/s)每增加1%,后期WMH的体积(mL)增加0.3%。结论使用相位对比MR成像测量的主动脉弓PWV是后期WMH体积的非常显著的独立预测指标,预测的标准效力高于除年龄之外的其他任何心血管危险因素。主动脉弓PWV与收缩压、高血压的治疗、充血性心力衰竭和年龄一起均在后期WMH负荷的最佳预测模型中贡献显著。

关键词：心血管危险因素 PWV 脉冲速度主动脉弓主动脉结