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Simultaneous dual-contrast three-dimensional imaging in live cells via optical diffraction tomography and fluorescence

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Photonics Research 2019年第9期7卷 1042-1050页

作者： CHEN LIU MICHAEL MALEK IVAN POON laNZHOU JIANG ARIF MSIDDIQUEE COLIN JRSHEPPARD ANN ROBERTS harry QUINEY DOUGUO ZHANG XIAOCONG YUAN JIAO LIN CHRISTIAN DEPEURSINGE PIERRE MARQUET SHAN SHAN KOU Nanophotonics Research Centre Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science(LIMS)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Department of Optics and Optical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science andTechnology of ChinaHefei230026China Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science(LIMS)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Australian Research Council(ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingAustralia Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova16163Italy School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3001Australia Microvision and Microdiagnostic Group(SCI STI CHD) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University ofScience and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Joint International Research Unit in Neurodevelopment and Child Psychiatry CHUVDepartement de PsychiatrieLausanneSwitzerlandUniversiteLavalQuebecCanada Institut universitaire en santementale de Quebec QuebecCanada Centre d’optique photonique et laserDepartment of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceUniversiteLaval2375rue de la TerrasseQuebecQC G1V0A6Canada

We report a dual-contrast method of simultaneously measuring and visualizing the volumetric structural information in live biological samples in three-dimensional(3D) space. By introducing a direct way of deriving the 3D scattering potential of the object from the synthesized angular spectra, we obtain the quantitative subcellular morphology in refractive indices(RIs) side-by-side with its fluorescence signals. The additional contrast in RI complements the fluorescent signal, providing additional information of the targeted zones. The simultaneous dual-contrast 3D mechanism unveiled interesting information inaccessible with previous methods, as we demonstrated in the human immune cell(T cell) experiment. Further validation has been demonstrated using a Monte Carlo model.

关键词： Fourier red Carlo Monte image Simultaneous dual-contrast three-dimensional imaging in live cells via optical diffraction tomography and fluorescence

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从富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)转换为磷丙替诺福韦(TAF)后骨骼和肾脏安全性改善:两项对HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的3期研究的初步结果

从富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)转换为磷丙替诺福韦(TAF)后骨骼和...

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第九届全国疑难及重症肝病大会

作者： Henry L.Chan Scott Fung Wai Kay Seto Ed Gane John F.Flaherty Vithika Suri lanjia Lin Anuj Gaggar G Mani Subramanian Wan Long Chuang Kosh Agarwal harry L.janssen Maria Buti The Chinese University of Hong Kong Toronto General Hospital Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kings College Hospital Toronto Western Hospital Erasmus Medical Center

背景和目的:两项大型多中心3期研究中,在48周治疗后,相比于TDF,TAF治疗对骨骼和肾脏的影响更小,且疗效率相似。本文档评估了完成96周双盲TAF或TDF治疗且换为开放性标签TAF治疗的患者,以确定骨密度、肌酐清除率的变化以及病毒抑制的维持...

背景和目的:两项大型多中心3期研究中,在48周治疗后,相比于TDF,TAF治疗对骨骼和肾脏的影响更小,且疗效率相似。本文档评估了完成96周双盲TAF或TDF治疗且换为开放性标签TAF治疗的患者,以确定骨密度、肌酐清除率的变化以及病毒抑制的维持情况。方法:两项设计相同的3期研究中,HBeAg阴性(GS-US-320-0108;N=425)或HBeAg阳性

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Meta-analysis of CO_(2) conversion,energy efficiency,and other performance data of plasma-catalysis reactors with the open access PIONEER database

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 318-342,I0007页

作者： Antoine Salden Maik Budde Carolina A.Garcia-Soto Omar Biondo Jairo Barauna Marzia Faedda Beatrice Musig ChloéFromentin Minh Nguyen-Quang harry Philpott Golshid Hasrack Domenico Aceto Yuxiang Cai Federico Azzolina Jury Annemie Bogaerts Patrick Da Costa Richard Engeln María Elena Gálvez Timo Gans Tomas Garcia Vasco Guerra Carlos Henriques Monika Motak Maria Victoria Navarro Vasile I.Parvulescu Gerard Van Rooij Bogdan Samojeden Ana Sobota Paolo Tosi Xin Tu Olivier Guaitella Department of Physics University of Trento38100 PovoItaly Department of Applied Physics and Science Education Eindhoven University of Technology5600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049-001 LisboaPortugal LPP CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéParis-SaclayIP-Paris 91128 PalaiseauFrance Department of Organic Chemistry Biochemistry and CatalysisUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania Research Group PlaSMANT Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk B-2610Belgium DIFFER 5612AJ EindhovenThe Netherlands Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC Zaragoza 50018Spain Faculty of Energy and Fuels AGH University of KrakowKrakowPoland Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert CNRS UMR 7190-Sorbonne UniversitéSaint-Cyr l’Ecole 78210France laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie(LCS) CNRS-ENSICAEN-Universitéde Caen6 boulevard du Maréchal-Juin14000 CaenFrance CQE Centro de Química EstruturalInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais1049-001 LisboaPortugal School of Physical Sciences and National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology Faculty of Science and HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland ASML De Run 65015504 DR VeldhovenThe Netherlands Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University6229 GS MaastrichtThe Netherlands CNR Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi(ISTP)Italy Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693GJUK

This paper brings the comparison of performances of CO_(2)conversion by plasma and plasma-assisted catalysis based on the data collected from literature in this field,organised in an open access online *** tool is open to all users to carry out their own analyses,but also to contributors who wish to add their data to the database in order to improve the relevance of the comparisons made,and ultimately to improve the efficiency of CO_(2)conversion by *** creation of this database and database user interface is motivated by the fact that plasma-catalysis is a fast-growing field for all CO_(2)conversion processes,be it methanation,dry reforming of methane,methanolisation,or *** a result of this rapid increase,there is a need for a set of standard procedures to rigorously compare performances of different ***,this is currently not possible because the fundamental mechanisms of plasma-catalysis are still too poorly understood to define these standard *** however,the accumulated data within the CO_(2)plasma-catalysis community has become large enough to warrant so-called“big data”studies more familiar in the fields of medicine and the social *** enable comparisons between multiple data sets and make future research more effective,this work proposes the first database on CO_(2)conversion performances by plasma-catalysis open to the whole *** database has been initiated in the framework of a H_(2)0_(2)0 European project and is called the“PIONEER Data Base”.The database gathers a large amount of CO_(2)conversion performance data such as conversion rate,energy efficiency,and selectivity for numerous plasma sources coupled with or without a *** data set is associated with metadata describing the gas mixture,the plasma source,the nature of the catalyst,and the form of coupling with the *** the database itself,a data extraction tool with direct visualisation features or advance

关键词： Open-access database on plasma-catalysis experiment CO_(2) conversion Plasma-catalysis Carbon capture and utilisation(CCU) Energy efficiency Specific energy input Dielectric barrier discharge Packed bed reactor Methanation Dry reforming of methane

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A NEW METHOD TO CALCUlaTE INDOOR NATURAL LIGHTING BY IMPROVING “ LUMEN MODELS”

A NEW METHOD TO CALCULATE INDOOR NATURAL LIGHTING BY IMPROVI...

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2007世界太阳能大会：太阳能与人类居住

作者： Fakra Ali Hamada harry Boyer Eddy lafosse Philippe lauret laboratoire de Physique du Btiment et des Systèmes Faculté des Sciences de l’Homme et de l’Environnement 117 rue du général Ailleret 97430 Tampon Université de La Réunion (France)

Many researches were undertaken in order to set up models which enable to calculate indoor daylighting [1-3].There are three of type’s method to calculate the daylight luminance through windows and large openings inside the *** others,‘simplified methods’ (Lumen method,Split Flux System method,etc...),‘numerical simulation method’ (Radiosity,Ray Tracing,etc...) and finally ‘experimental method’ (scale model,building experimental,etc...) are described in *** put some specific interest in the ‘simplified methods’ because they are easy to use and don’t need a lot of inputs for *** big disadvantage for most of these models is these models depend on restricted *** example,if we considered " Split Flux System method", we see that the models can be used only to overcast *** example,the " lumen method" applied for any skies,but the models gives only five values in the *** they can only work under precise and limited *** this present paper,we purpose to see how we can circumvent these difficulties by improving the "Lumen Model".Indeed,we will to introduce the notion of " Equivalent Deep" (E) into the " Lumen method".This " Equivalent Deep" will calculate any values and any types of skies instead of the original " Lumen method";that only calculate five values.

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Words apart:Standardizing forestry terms and definitions across European biodiversity studies

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森林生态系统:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 459-471页

作者： Giovanni Trentanovi Thomas Campagnaro Tommaso Sitzia Francesco Chianucci Giorgio Vacchiano Christian Ammer MichałCiach Thomas ANagel Miren del Río Yoan Paillet Silvana Munzi Kris Vandekerkhove Andrés Bravo-Oviedo Andrea Cutini Ettore D'Andrea Pallieter De Smedt Inken Doerfler Dimitris Fotakis Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Jeňýk Hofmeister Jan Hošek Philippe janssen Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Nathalie Korboulewsky Bence Kovács Daniel Kozák Thibault lachat Anders Mårell Radim Matula Martin Mikoláš Björn Nordén PéterÓdor x Marko Perović Elisabeth Pötzelsberger Peter Schall Miroslav Svoboda Flóra Tinya Mariana Ujházyová Sabina Burrascano Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-National Research Council(IRET-CNR) Via Madonna Del Piano 1950019Sesto FiorentinoFIItaly Department of land EnvironmentAgriculture and ForestryUniversitàdegli Studi di PadovaViale Dell’Università1635020LegnaroPDItaly National Biodiversity Future Center Piazza Marina 6190133PalermoItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood Viale S.Margherita 8052100ArezzoItaly Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences(DISAA) University of MilanVia Celoria 220133MilanItaly Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenGermany Department of Forest Biodiversity Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agricultureal.29 Listopada 4631-425KrakówPoland Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaVecna pot 831000LjubljanaSlovenia Instituto de Ciencias Forestales(ICIFOR-INIA) CSICCtra.de la Coruña Km 7.528040MadridSpain University Grenoble Alpes LessemINRAE2 Rue de la Papeterie38402 Saint-Martin-d'HèresFrance Centro Interuniversitário de História Das Ciências e da Tecnologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaPortugal Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de Ciências&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversidade de LisboaPortugal Research Institute for Nature and Forest(INBO) Havenlaan 88 Bus 731000BrusselBelgium Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural Sciences-CSICC/Serrano 115bis28006MadridSpain Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-National Research Council(IRET-CNR) Via G.Marconi N.205010PoranoTRItaly Forest&Nature lab Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGeraardsbergsesteenweg 2679090GontrodeBelgium Institute of Biology and Environmental Science Vegetation Science&Nature ConservationUniversity of OldenburgAmmerländer Heerstraße 114-11826129OldenburgGermany Forest Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization DimitraVassilikaThessal

Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms,often *** hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly *** attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity *** work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions,creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on *** have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity *** quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included,information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking,shallow,or based on broad and heterogeneous *** discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process,and ultimately propose a common *** will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe,and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management *** standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions.

关键词： Forest management Multi-taxon Terminology Silviculture Data harmonization

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一项在HBeAg阳性、慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者中比较磷丙替诺福韦(TAF)与富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)的3期研究:96周时疗效和安全性结果

一项在HBeAg阳性、慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者中比较磷丙替诺福韦(TAF...

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第九届全国疑难及重症肝病大会

作者： Kosh Agarwal Scott Fung Wai Kay Seto Young Suk Lim Ed Gane harry L.janssen Manoj Sharma Wan Long Chuang Ho Bae Ki Tae Yoon John F.Flaherty Audrey lau Anuj Gaggar Vithika Suri Andrea Cathcart lanjia Lin G Mani Subramanian Shalimar Norihiro Furusyo Maria Buti Henry L.Chan Kings College Hospital Department of Medicine University of Toronto Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Asan Medical Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences Kyushu Medical Center The Chinese University of Hong Kong

背景和目的:TAF是替诺福韦(TFV)的一种新型前体药,在血浆中比TDF更稳定,增强了TFV进入肝细胞的给药,且循环TFV水平降低。这项针对HBeAg阳性患者的随机双盲研究显示,之前在48周时,在HBV DNA小于29IU/mL的患者比例方面,TAF的疗效并不劣于T...

背景和目的:TAF是替诺福韦(TFV)的一种新型前体药,在血浆中比TDF更稳定,增强了TFV进入肝细胞的给药,且循环TFV水平降低。这项针对HBeAg阳性患者的随机双盲研究显示,之前在48周时,在HBV DNA小于29IU/mL的患者比例方面,TAF的疗效并不劣于TDF,且骨骼和肾脏影响改善。本文摘展示了96周治疗后的结果。

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丙酚替诺福韦(TAF)和富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)治疗用于HBeAg阴性和HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者三年疗效和安全性对比

丙酚替诺福韦(TAF)和富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)治疗用于HBeAg...

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第十届全国疑难及重症肝病大会

作者： Henry Lik Yuen Chan Young-Suk LIM Wai Kay Walter Seto Kosh Agarwal Maurizia R.Brunetto harry L.A.janssen Florin Caruntu Tatjana Stepanova Owen Tsang Hiroshi Yatsuhashi Won Young Tak Chi-Yi Chen Mustafa Celen Vithika Suri John F.Flaherty lanjia Lin Andrea Cathcart Anuj Gaggar Cong Cheng Calvin Q.Pan Shalimar Maria Buti Institute of Digestive Disease Department of Medicine and Therapeuticsand State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Gastroenterology Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Institute of Liver Studies King’s College Hospital NHS Trust Hepatology Unit University Hospital of Pisa Toronto Centre for Liver Disease University Health Network Infectious Diseases National Institute for Infectious Diseases Matei Bals Modern Medicine Clinic Princess Margaret Hospital National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center Kyungpook National University Hospital Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Gilead Sciences Inc NYU langone Medical Center Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Dicle University Hospital Infectious Diseases

背景在2项设计相同的双盲、随机(2:1)、3期研究中,第48周和第96周时,TAF的疗效不劣于TDF,而且具有良好的肾脏和骨骼安全性。方案修订后,50%的入组患者的双盲(DB)治疗期再延长1年,而其余受试者在第96周(第2年)时更换为开放标签(OL)TAF。...

背景在2项设计相同的双盲、随机(2:1)、3期研究中,第48周和第96周时,TAF的疗效不劣于TDF,而且具有良好的肾脏和骨骼安全性。方案修订后,50%的入组患者的双盲(DB)治疗期再延长1年,而其余受试者在第96周(第2年)时更换为开放标签(OL)TAF。本研究评估了3年TAF和TDF治疗在接受相应药物的患者中的安全性和疗效对比结果。

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病毒性肝炎:乙型肝炎和丁型肝炎-临床(治疗、新化合物、耐药性) 一项在HBeAg阴性、慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者中比较磷丙替诺福韦(TAF)与富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)的3期研究:96周时疗效和安全性结果

病毒性肝炎:乙型肝炎和丁型肝炎-临床(治疗、新化合物、耐药性) ...

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第九届全国疑难及重症肝病大会

作者： Maurizia Brunetto Young Suk Lim Ed Gane Wai Kay Seto Marina Osipenko Sang Hoon Ahn harry L.janssen Akash Shukla Wan Long Chuang Huy Trinh Mustafa K.Celen John F.Flaherty Audrey H.lau Anuj Gaggar Vithika Suri Neeru Bhardwaj Kyungpil Kim G Mani Subramanian Calvin Pan Namiki Izumi Patrick Marcellin Henry Chan Maria Buti University Hospital of Pisa Asan Medical Centre Erasmus Medical Center

背景和目的:TAF是替诺福韦(TFV)的一种新型前体药,在血浆中比TDF更稳定,增强了TFV进入肝细胞的给药,且循环TFV水平降低。这项在HBeAg阴性患者中比较TAF与TDF的随机双盲研究显示,之前在48周时,在HBV DNA小于29IU/mL的患者比例方面,TAF的...

背景和目的:TAF是替诺福韦(TFV)的一种新型前体药,在血浆中比TDF更稳定,增强了TFV进入肝细胞的给药,且循环TFV水平降低。这项在HBeAg阴性患者中比较TAF与TDF的随机双盲研究显示,之前在48周时,在HBV DNA小于29IU/mL的患者比例方面,TAF的疗效并不劣于TDF,且骨骼和肾脏影响改善。本文摘展示了96周治疗后的结果。方法:425例患者被随机分配到接受TAF 25mg QD(n=285)或TDF 300mg QD(n=140),且治疗144

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Novel genomic biomarkers for acute gentamicin nephrotoxicity in dog

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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2013年第3期3卷 125-133页

作者： James Eric McDuffie Jingjin Gao Jingying Ma David la Anton Bittner Manisha Sonee Matthew Wagoner Sandra Snook CREATe-Genomic Technologies Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC San Diego USA Drug Safety Sciences Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC San Diego USA Drug Safety Sciences Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC Spring House USA Safety Assessment AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Watham USA

Objectives: Novel biomarkers indicative of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) in dogs would have significant application in preclinical drug development. We conducted a feasibility study to identify genomic expression profiles for monitoring progressive, acute DIKI in dogs. Materials and Methods: Animals were intramuscularly administered either 0.9% physiological saline or gentamicin (40 mg/kg/day) for 10 consecutive days and euthanized on day 11. Serum and urine samples were collected at various time points and kidney samples were collected at necropsy for biomarker measurements. Results: Acute gentamicin-induced renal histopathology changes were localized to the proximal convoluted tubules and characterized as slight-to-marked, diffuse cortical-medullary tubular epithelial degeneration/necrosis. Serum creatinine (sCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) elevations suggestive of mild renal dysfunction were first observed on days 7 to 8. Gentamicin-induced increased urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) mRNA was observed on day 6 preceding detectable elevations of sCr and/or BUN. Increased urinary KIM-1 mRNA correlated with multifocal KIM-1 immunostaining in the corticomedullary tubular epithelial cells. Microarray analysis revealed changes in additional mRNA expression products detected in urine and/or kidney that should be further investigated for use as potential biomarkers for acute gentamicin related nephrotoxicity in dogs. Conclusion: These findings suggested the utility of non-invasive urinary genomic parameters for monitoring acute DIKI in dogs.

关键词： Biomarker Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity Dog

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How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan Connolly Willie Soon Michael Connolly Sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund C.John Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Sebastian Liming Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim laszlo Szarka harry van Loon Victor M.Velasco Herrera Richard C.Willson 晏宏 Weijia Zhang Center for Environmental Research and Earth Science(CERES) SalemMA 01970USA Independent scientists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researcher MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK Comision de Investigaciones Cientlficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de Fisica del Noroeste Argentino(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman) 4000 TucumanArgentina Faculty of Geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-Schmidt-University HamburgGermany Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent scientist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Professor in Physical Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway College of Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute for Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geofisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor(ACRIM) CoronadoCA 92118USA State Key laboratory of Loe

In order to evaluate how much Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)has influenced Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of both *** different estimates of the changes in TSI since at least the 19th century were compiled from the *** of these estimates are"low variability"and half are"high variability".Meanwhile,five largely-independent methods for estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approach);3)only sea surface temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glacier length records as temperature *** standard estimates which use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a much greater warming in recent decades than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in current global temperature datasets-despite the conclusions of some earlier ***,all five estimates confirm that it is currently warmer than the late 19th century,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"since the 19th *** each of the five estimates of Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the contribution from direct solar forcing for all sixteen estimates of TSI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of human activity on recent warming was then calculated by fitting the residuals to the UN IPCC’s recommended"anthropogenic forcings"time *** all five Northern Hemisphere temperature series,different TSI estimates suggest everything from no role for the Sun in recent decades(implying that recent global warming is mostly human-caused)to most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity(that is,that recent global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(including the most recent IPCC reports)which had prematurely concluded the former,had done so be

关键词： Sun:activity (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)sunspots Sun:faculae,plages

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