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A hypothesis for treating inflammation and oxidative stress with hydrogen sulfide during age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第5期11卷 881-887页

作者： Akash K George Mahavir singh Rubens Petit Homme Avisek Majumder harpal s sandhu suresh C Tyagi Eye and Vision science Laboratory Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences University of Louisville School of Medicine Kentucky Lions Eye Center University of Louisville School of Medicine

Age-related macular degeneration（AMD） is a leading cause of blindness and is becoming a global crisis since affected people will increase to 288 million by ***,age,diabetes,gender,obesity,hypertension,race,hyperopia,iris-color,smoking,sun-light and pyroptosis have varying roles in AMD,but oxidative stress-induced inflammation remains a significant driver of *** is a unique organ as it contains a remarkable oxygengradient that generates reactive oxygen species（ROs） which upregulates inflammatory *** becomes a source of functional and morphological impairments in retinal pigment epithelium（RPE）,endothelial cells and retinal ganglion *** demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide（H2s） acts as a signaling molecule and that it may treat ***,we propose a novel hypothesis that H2s may restore homeostasis in the eyes thereby reducing damage caused by oxidative injury and *** H_2s has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant because of its free-radicals＇ inhibition properties in addition to its beneficial effects in age-relatedconditions,therefore,patients may benefit from H2s salubrious effects not only by minimizing their oxidant and inflammatory injuries to retina but also by lowering retinal glutamate excitotoxicity.

关键词： eye diseases hydrogen sulfide treatment inflammation macula oxidative stress pyroptosis retinal degeneration

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Hydrogen sulfide intervention in cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mouse helps restore ocular homeostasis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 754-764页

作者： Akash K.George Rubens P.Homme Avisek Majumder Anwesha Laha Naira Metreveli harpal s.sandhu suresh C.Tyagi Mahavir singh Eye and Vision science Laboratory University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Medicine UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences Kentucky Lions Eye Center University of Louisville School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate the applications of hydrogen sulfide(H2 s) in eye-specific ailments in ***: Heterozygous cystathionine-β-synthase(CBs+/-) and wild-type C57 BL/6 J(WT) mice fed with or without high methionine diet(HMD) were administered either phosphate buffered saline(PBs) or the slow-release H2 s donor: GYY4137. several analyses were performed to study GYY4137 effects by examining retinal lysates for key protein expressions along with plasma glutamate and glutathione estimations. Intraocular pressure(IOP) was monitored during GYY4137 treatment; barium sulfate and bovine serum albumin conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate(BsA-FITC) angiographies were performed for examining vasculature and its permeability post-treatment. Visionguided behavior was also tested employing novel object recognition test(NORT) and light-dark box test(LDBT) ***: CBs deficiency(CBs+/-) coupled with HMD led disruption of methionine/homocysteine(Hcy) metabolism leading to hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) in CBs+/-mice as reflected by increased Hcy, and s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase(sAHH) levels. Unlike CBs, cystathionine-γ lyase(CsE), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) levels which were reduced but compensated by GYY4137intervention. Heightened oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress responses were mitigated by GYY4137 effects along with enhanced glutathione(GsH) levels. Increased glutamate levels in CBs+/-strain were prominent than WT mice and these mice also exhibited higher IOP that was lowered by GYY4137 treatment. CBs deficiency also resulted in vision-guided behavioral impairment as revealed by NORT and LDBT findings. Interestingly, GYY4137 was able to improve CBs+/-mice behavior together with lowering their glutamate levels. Blood-retinal barrier(BRB) appeared compromised in CBs+/-with vessels' leakage that was mitigated in GYY4137 treated group. This corroborated the results for occludin(an integral plasma membrane protein of the cellular tight

关键词： blood-retinal barrier integrity endoplasmic reticulum stress glutamate cytotoxicity inflammation oxidative stress mice

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Ionic Gravitation and Ionized solid Iron stellar Bodies

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第2期9卷 414-437页

作者： Gurcharn s. sandhu Independent Researcher Chandigarh India

A well-known but erroneous notion of electron degeneracy pressure has misled Astrophysics for nearly a century now. Because of their electrostatic interactions, the electrons can never exchange their momentum with positive ions through elastic collisions and hence can never provide the so-called electron degeneracy pressure in stellar cores to counter the effect of gravity. In situations of high core densities, when the mean separation distance between atoms or ions becomes less than the normal size of their parent atoms, their electrostatic repulsion will force them into a lattice gridlock, leading to a solid state. All degenerate stellar cores constitute a solid state and the radial and hoop stresses induced by self-gravitation are proportional to the square of radius (rsup>2sup>). As the size of a solid iron stellar core grows, its peripheral region will experience extreme compression and will get partially ionized due to the phenomenon of pressure ionization. All so-called Neutron stars and Black Holes are in fact Ionized solid Iron stellar Bodies (IsIsB). The presence of ions in the peripheral regions of the IsIsB will be associated with the circulation of degenerate electrons around the surface, thereby producing strong magnetic fields. A positive excess of ionic charge in all IsIsB becomes a source of Ionic Gravitation through the process of polarization of neutral atoms and molecules in stellar bodies. These IsIsB are the primary constituents of AGN and are the source of all non-stellar radiation and Jets of ionized matter.

关键词： solid Core Ionic Gravitation Hoop stress Magnetic Field Black Holes AGN

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Dynamic Electron Orbits in Atomic Hydrogen

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第11期14卷 1497-1525页

作者： Gurcharn s. sandhu Independent Researcher Chandigarh India

Even after extensive research in Quantum Mechanics, we are still unable to visualize instant-to-instant motion of an electron in hydrogen atom. That is because in QM treatment, potential energy term has been mistakenly assumed to be time-independent instead of depending on the instant-to-instant varying position of the orbiting electron [1]. This has led to wrong and weird solutions for the electron motion in hydrogen atom. Before the advent of wave mechanics, sommerfeld model of elliptical electron orbits was able to explain most features of hydrogen spectra, except for the features associated with electron spin and magnetic moment interactions. However, the sommerfeld elliptical orbits were of kinematic origin and could not provide visualization of instant-to-instant dynamic motion of the orbiting electron. Contrary to the QM perspective, we find that central core of the electron behaves as a classical particle while its electrostatic field behaves as a wave phenomenon. As such an electron under Coulomb force moves strictly in accordance with Newtonian laws of motion. In this paper, we develop dynamic electron orbits in hydrogen atom by using energy and angular momentum conservation principle in central force field. We have shown that during photon emission, angular momentum of the orbiting electron is changed by ħ due to recoil action. This may be the origin of various quantization rules. During emission of a photon, elliptical orbit transitions are also computed and plotted. Orbit transition time is of the order of 10sup>-16sup> seconds. We have extended this methodology to compute electron orbits in hydrogen molecular bond and computed the Hsub>2sub> bond energy.

关键词： sommerfeld Model schrödinger Equation Dynamic Electron Orbits Photon Emission

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Landscape changes have greater effects than climate changes on six insect pests in China

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science China(Life sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 627-633页

作者： Zihua Zhao Hardev s sandhu Fang Ouyang Feng Ge state Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Entomology College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Everglades Research and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida

In recent years, global changes are the major causes of frequent, widespread outbreaks of pests in mosaic landscapes, which have received substantial attention worldwide. We collected data on global changes(landscape and climate) and economic damage caused by six main insect pests during 1951–2010 in China. Landscape changes had significant effects on all six insect pests. Pest damage increased significantly with increasing arable land area in agricultural landscapes. However, climate changes had no effect on damage caused by pests, except for the rice leaf roller(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee) and armyworm(Mythimna separate(Walker)), which caused less damage to crops with increasing mean temperature. Our results indicate that there is slight evidence of possible offset effects of climate changes on the increasing damage from these two agricultural pests. Landscape changes have caused serious outbreaks of several species, which suggests the possibility of the use of landscape design for the control of pest populations through habitat rearrangement. Landscape manipulation may be used as a green method to achieve sustainable pest management with minimal use of insecticides and herbicides.

关键词：景观变化农业害虫气候变化稻纵卷叶螟全球变化经济损失耕地面积农业景观

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A genetic algorithm based improved optimal sizing strategy for solar-wind-battery hybrid system using energy filter algorithm

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第1期14卷 139-151页

作者： Aeidapu MAHEsH Kanwarjit singh sandhu Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra136119India

In this paper,the genetic algorithm(GA)is applied to optimize a grid connected solar photovoltaic(PV)-wind-battery hybrid system using a novel energy filter *** main objective of this paper is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid system,while maintaining its *** with the reliability constraint,some of the important parameters,such as full utilization of complementary nature of PV and wind systems,fluctuations of power injected into the grid and the battery’s state of charge(sOC),have also been considered for the effective sizing of the hybrid system.A novel energy filter algorithm for smoothing the power injected into the grid has been *** validate the proposed method,a detailed case study has been *** results of the case study for different cases,with and without employing the energy filter algorithm,have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sizing strategy.

关键词： PV-wind-battery hybrid system size optimization genetic algorithm

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Isolated colonic neurofibroma, a rare tumor: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第10期8卷 1932-1938页

作者： sara Ghoneim sonia sandhu Dalbir sandhu Department of Internal Medicine Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical CenterClevelandOH 44109United States Department of Hematology and Oncology Cleveland Clinic Akron GeneralClevelandOH 44307United States Division of Gastroenterology Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical CenterClevelandOH 44109United States

BACKGROUND Neurofibromas are tumors comprised of peripheral nerve sheath and connective tissue *** can occur sporadically or as part of familial syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type *** colonic neurofibroma without systemic manifestations is a rarely reported clinical *** we present a case of a 51 years old male with an isolated colonic neurofibroma seen on a screening *** sUMMARY Fifty-one years old male who was otherwise healthy without a significant family history of cancer underwent a screening colonoscopy and was found have a 2.3 cm×1.4 cm lesion in the *** biopsy revealed a spindle cell *** resonance imaging of the pelvis was negative for *** underwent an endoscopic ultrasound that showed an ill-defined avascular lesion of mixed echogenicity measuring 2.8 cm×15.2 cm in the submucosa with no communication with muscularis mucosa or *** staining of the tumor was strongly positive for s100,with rare penetrating axons deep within the *** cells were negative for c-kit and desmin and had low Ki-67 *** findings were consistent with a solitary colonic submucosal neurofibroma.A detailed history and physical examination did not reveal any evidence of extraintestinal *** underwent transanal surgical resection of the *** patient tolerated the procedure well without any *** While neurofibromas have been well described in literature,an isolated colonic neurofibroma is a rare pathological *** transformation of neurofibromas has been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis *** report a case of isolated colonic neurofibroma and highlight the importance of resection due to the increased risk of tumorigenesis.

关键词： Neurofibroma Colonoscopy Neurofibromatosis type 1 Neurofibromatosis type 2 spindle cell tumor Endoscopic ultrasound Case report

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Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第19期26卷 2323-2332页

作者： Ming Han Cha Miguel Regueiro Dalbir s sandhu Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicAkron GeneralAkronOH 44307United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44307United States

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(sARs-CoV-2)that causes coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic,manifested by an infectious *** patients primarily present with fever,cough and dyspnea,some patients also develop gastrointestinal(GI)and hepatic *** most common GI symptoms reported are diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,and abdominal *** chemistry abnormalities are common and include elevation of aspartate transferase,alanine transferase,and total *** have shown that sARs-CoV-2 infects the GI tract via its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme Ⅱ,which is expressed on enterocytes of the ileum and *** RNA has also been isolated from stool specimens of COVID-19 patients,which raised the concern for fecal-oral transmission in addition to droplet *** indirect evidence has suggested possible fecal-oral transmission of sARs-CoV-2,more effort is needed to establish the role of the fecal-oral transmission *** research will help elucidate the association between patients with underlying GI diseases,such as chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease,and severity of *** this review,we summarize the data on GI involvement to date,as well as the impact of COVID-19 on underlying GI diseases.

关键词： COVID-19 sARs-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Liver Diarrhea Inflammatory bowel disease

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Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharide Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 840-850页

作者： Ajay Pal s. sandhu Gursharn s. Randhawa Kanwarpal s. Dhugga Crop Genetics Research and Development Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. A DuPont Company 7300 NW 62nd Avenue Johnston IA 50131 USA Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand'India

The wall of an expanding plant cell consists primarily of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicellulosic and pectic polysaccharides along with small amounts of structural and enzymatic proteins. Matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi and exported to the cell wall by exocytosis, where they intercalate among cellulose microfibrils, which are made at the plasma membrane and directly deposited into the cell wall. Involvement of Golgi glucan synthesis in auxin-induced cell expansion has long been recognized; however, only recently have the genes corresponding to glucan synthases been identified. Biochemical purification was unsuccessful because of the labile nature and very low abundance of these enzymes. Mutational genetics also proved fruitless. Expression of candidate genes identified through gene expression profiling or comparative genomics in heterologous systems followed by functional characterization has been relatively successful. several genes from the cellulose synthase-like （Csl） family have been found to be involved in the synthesis of various hemicellulosic glycans. The usefulness of this approach, however, is limited to those enzymes that probably do not form complexes consisting of unrelated proteins. Nonconventional approaches will continue to incrementally unravel the mechanisms of Golgi polysaccharide biosynthesis.

关键词： Biofuels cell wall Csl Golgi hemicellulose membrane biochemistry.

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Drainage of pancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis:A comprehensive overview

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第20期10卷 6769-6783页

作者： Akash Bansal Pankaj Gupta Anupam K singh Jimil shah Jayanta samanta Harshal s Mandavdhare Vishal sharma saroj Kant sinha Usha Dutta Manavjit singh sandhu Rakesh Kochhar Department of Radiodiagnosis Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by local and systemic *** complications predominate the early phase of acute pancreatitis while local complications are important in the late phase of the *** fluid collections represent the most important local *** of these collections is indicated in the setting of infection,persistent or new onset organ failure,compressive or pressure symptoms,and intraabdominal ***,endoscopic,and minimally invasive surgical drainage represents the various methods of drainage with each having its own advantages and *** methods are often *** this minireview,we discuss the indications,timing,and techniques of drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with focus on percutaneous catheter *** also discuss the novel methods and techniques to improve the outcomes of percutaneous catheter drainage.

关键词： Pancreatitis,Acute necrotizing Drainage Catheters stents Therapeutic irrigation Debridement Collections

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