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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第1期9卷 27-32页

作者： Praveen Sharma Barjesh chander Sharma Shiv Kumar Sarin Department of Gastroenterology G.B.Pant Hospital

BACKGROUND:Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) impairs quality of life and predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhotic *** of MHE requires cumbersome *** is effective in the treatment of *** study aimed to evaluate the use of critical flicker frequency (CFF) for the diagnosis of MHE in cirrhotic patients after ***:One hundred and ten patients were evaluated by psychometry (number connection tests A,B or figure connection tests A,B),P300 auditory event related potential (P300ERP),venous ammonia,and CFF for *** was diagnosed by abnormal psychometry (>2SD age matched controls) and *** patients were treated with lactulose for one *** was defined by normalization (<2SD of matched controls) of both psychometry and ***:Of the 110 patients [Child Turcott Pugh score A:B:C 39:42:29,(age 41.6±11.6 years,M:F 82:28)],75 (68%) had abnormal results of psychometric tests,and 74 (67%) had prolonged *** (20%) patients with abnormal results of psychometric tests had normal *** sixty (54.5%) patients were diagnosed as having *** treatment for one month,34 (57%) recovered while 26 (43%) continued to have abnormal resents of psychometric or P300ERP *** was <39 Hz in 72 (65.4%) patients before treatment and in 20 (33.3%) after *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of recovery of MHE were 65%,91%,85%,77% and 80%,***:CFF is a simple,relatively reliable,and accurate test without any dependence on age or literacy in the diagnosis and assessment of recovery of patients with MHE.

关键词： minimal hepatic encephalopathy critical flicker frequency lactulose

Outbreak of Salmonella Typhi enteric fever in sub-urban area of North India:A public health perspective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 167-168页

作者： Nidhi Singla Neha Bansal Varsha Gupta Jagdish chander Department of Microbiology Government Medical College HospitalChandigarh160030India

Outbreaks of enteric fever are a major health concern not only due to significant human morbidity and mortality but also fear of spread of multidrug resistant *** report an outbreak of enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in a suburban area,in city Chandigarh of North ***-seven strains of *** were isolated from blood cultures over a period of two weeks with 18 of these 27 patients residing in the same *** cases were in the age group 5-14 years(10 patients,55.5%) while 4(22.2%) cases were children under 5 *** the strains showed similar resistogram being resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid,intermediate to ciprofloxacin and sensitive to chloramphenicol,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,cotrimoxazole and azithromycin on disc diffusion *** inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was determined by agar dilution method and was found to be raised(≥2μg/mL).This nalidixic acid resistant *** outbreak report warrants the necessity of implementing stringent sanitation practices in public health interest.

关键词： Enteric fever Fluoroquinolones Outbreak Salmonella

Salmonella-Salmonellosis-Rare presentations of a common pathogen

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 417-420页

作者： Neelam Kaistha Varsha Gupta Shailpreet Sidhu Jagdish chander Department of Microbiology Government Medical College & Hospital-32ChandigarhIndia

Salmonella are most commonly associated with gastroenteritis and enteric fever in humans. Occasionally,dissemination of bacilli throughout the body results in establishment of localized foci of persistent infection especially in patients with debilitating diseases and immunosuppressive *** at various aberrant sites due to Salmonella has been reported relatively *** has perfected the art of intracellular survival in niches from where they can cause myriad of *** cases with Salmonella infection at unusual sites without any preexisting or underlying disease diagnosed over a period of two years are presented *** etiology was not suspected in these patients and the diagnosis was made microbiologically only after culture isolation.

关键词： Salmonella Aberrant sites Localized infections

Substrate Evolution to Microstructural and Optoelectrical Properties of Evaporated CdS Thin Films Correlated with Elemental Composition

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第9期34卷 1307-1316页

作者： Anuradha Purohit Himanshu S.L.Patel S.chander M.S.Dhaka Department of Physics Mohanlal Sukhadia UniversityUdaipur 313001India Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research.Mohali 140306India Centre for Advanced Study in Physics Department of PhysicsPanjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India

A typical high-e fficiency solar cell device needs the best lattice matching between different constituent layers to mitigate the open-circuit voltage loss. In the present work, the physical properties of CdS thin films are investigated where films with 100 nm thickness were fabricated on the different types of substrates viz. soda–lime glass, indium-doped tin oxide(ITO)-and fl uorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)-coated glass substrates, and silicon wafer using electron beam evaporation. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that deposited thin films showed cubic phase and had(111) as predominant orientation where the structural parameters were observed to be varied with nature of substrates. The ohmic behaviour of the CdS films was disclosed by current–voltage characteristics, whereas the scanning electron microscopy micrograph revealed the uniform deposition of the CdS films with the presence of round-shaped grains. The elemental analysis confirmed the CdS films deposition where the Cd/S weight percentage ratio was changed with nature of substrates. The direct energy band gap was observed in the 1.63–2.50 eV range for the films grown on different substrates. The investigated properties of thin CdS layers demonstrated that the selection of substrate(in terms of nature) during device fabrication plays a crucial role.

关键词： CdS thin films Substrate evolution E-beam evaporation Microstructural properties Optoelectrical properties

Genetic dissection of carotenoids in maize kernels using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism markers in a recombinant inbred line population

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The Crop Journal 2017年第1期5卷 63-72页

作者： Orawan Jittham Xiuyi Fu Jing Xu Subhash chander Jiansheng Li Xiaohong Yang National Maize Improvement Center of China/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/China Agricultural University Beijing 100193China

Carotenoids are antioxidants and vitamin A precursors that have important roles in human health. Hence, improving the carotenoid contents in maize kernels is a priority objective for breeders in order to obtain nutritional biofortification outcomes. In the current study, the genetic architecture of carotenoids in maize kernels was explored using a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between inbred lines By804 and B73. A total of 81 QTLs were detected by using a high-density bin map and a simple sequence repeat(SSR)-based linkage map, with one to seven QTLs for each trait explaining 4.21%–47.53% of the phenotypic variation. A comparison of the QTL mapping efficiency between the two linkage maps revealed that the high-density bin map had higher resolution. In the current study 46 additional QTLs were identified, with 16 being common with previous studies and14 newly identified. Among the results, 29.6%(24/81) of QTLs explained > 10% of the phenotypic variation in the RIL population, and 70.4%(57/81) explained ≤ 10%. These results suggest that a few large-effect QTLs, together with a variable number of minor-effect QTLs,contributed to most of the genetic components of carotenoids in maize kernels.

关键词： Carotenoids QTL mapping SNP SSR Zea mays

Robust Image Watermarking Using LWT and Stochastic Gradient Firefly Algorithm

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 393-407页

作者： Sachin Sharma Meena Malik chander Prabha Amal Al-Rasheed Mona Alduailij Sultan Almakdi Department of CSE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationGunturAndhra Pradesh522302India Deparmtent of CSE Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjab140413India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityPunjab140401India College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia

Watermarking of digital images is required in diversified applicationsranging from medical imaging to commercial images used over the ***, the copyright information is embossed over the image in the form ofa logo at the corner or diagonal text in the background. However, this formof visible watermarking is not suitable for a large class of applications. In allsuch cases, a hidden watermark is embedded inside the original image as proofof ownership. A large number of techniques and algorithms are proposedby researchers for invisible watermarking. In this paper, we focus on issuesthat are critical for security aspects in the most common domains like digitalphotography copyrighting, online image stores, etc. The requirements of thisclass of application include robustness (resistance to attack), blindness (directextraction without original image), high embedding capacity, high Peak Signalto Noise Ratio (PSNR), and high Structural Similarity Matrix (SSIM). Mostof these requirements are conflicting, which means that an attempt to maximizeone requirement harms the other. In this paper, a blind type of imagewatermarking scheme is proposed using Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT)as the baseline. Using this technique, custom binary watermarks in the formof a binary string can be embedded. Hu’s Invariant moments’ coefficientsare used as a key to extract the watermark. A Stochastic variant of theFirefly algorithm (FA) is used for the optimization of the technique. Undera prespecified size of embedding data, high PSNR and SSIM are obtainedusing the Stochastic Gradient variant of the Firefly technique. The simulationis done using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) tool and it is shown that theproposed technique outperforms the benchmark techniques of watermarkingconsidering PSNR and SSIM as quality metrics.

关键词： Image watermarking lifting wavelet transform discrete wavelet transform(DWT) firefly technique invariant moments

Association of periodontal disease with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in Indian population

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Frontiers of Medicine 2017年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： Palka Kaur Khanuja Satish chander Narula Rajesh Rajputt Rajinder Kumar Sharma Shikha Tewari Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology PGIDS Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak Haryana 124001 India Department of Medicine Unit VII and Endocrinology PGIMS Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak Haryana 124001 India

This study aims to investigate the link between glycated hemoglobin and diabetic complications with chronic periodontitis. A total of 207 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis （CP） were divided according to tertiles of mean PISA （periodontal inflamed surface area） scores as low, middle and high PISA groups. Simultaneously a group of 67 periodontally healthy individuals （PH） was recruited. Periodontal examinations, including full-mouth assessment of probing depths （PPD）, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and plaque scores were determined. Blood analyses were carried out for glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, 2 h post parandial glucose （PPG）. Individuals in PH group had significantly better glycemic control than CP group. Upon one-way analysis of variance, subjects with increased PISA had significantly higher HbA1c levels, retinopathy and nephropathy （P 〈 0.05）. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index （BMI）, socioeconomic status （SES）, family history of diabetes and periodontitis, duration of diabetes, the mean PISA in mm^2, PPD 4-6 mm （%） and PPD ≥7 mm （%） emerged as significant predictors for elevated HbAlc in regression model （P 〈 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that PISA was associated with higher risk of having retinopathy and neuropathy （odds ratio）. In our study, the association between glycemic control and diabetic complications with periodontitis was observed.

关键词： type 2 diabetes mellitus hemoglobin A glycated chronic periodontitis

A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting grain yield and its components of maize both in single-and two-locus levels

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第12期51卷 1452-1461页

作者： YAN Jianbing TANG Hua HUANG Yiqin ZHENG Yonglian SUBHASH chander LI Jiansheng National Maize Improvement Center of China China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China

By adding thirty-one markers in the pre- vious linkage map, a new genetic linkage map con- taining 205 markers was constructed, spanning a total of 2305.4 cM with an average interval of 11.2 cM. The genotypic errors in the whole genome were de- tected by the statistical method and removed manu- ally. The precision of the linkage map was improved significantly. Main and epistatic QTL were detected by R/qtl, and main QTL were confirmed and refined by multiple interval mapping (MIM). Finally, MIM de- tected seven QTL for rows number, and five QTL for each grain yield, kernels per row and 100-kernel weight. The contribution to genetic variations of QTL varied from 35.3% for grain yield to 61.5% for rows number. Only kernels per row exhibited significant epistatic interactions between QTL. Twenty-four epistatic QTL were detected which distributed on almost all the ten chromosomes. About two-third epistatic QTL were observed between main QTL and another locus, which had no significant effects. These results indicate rather clearly that there are a number of QTL affecting trait expressions, not directly but indirectly through interactions with other loci. Thus, epistatic QTL effects may play a crucial role, if not more important than main QTL effects, in the genetic variation for the measured traits in present study.

关键词：基因扫描分子标记上位QTL 谷物玉米

Linezolid resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus:First case report from India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第10期5卷 837-838页

作者： Varsha Gupta Shivani Garg Ruby Jain Sudhir Garg Jagdish chander Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Hospital Department of Orthopedics Government Medical College Hospital

Linezolid is being increasingly used in the treatment of infections with gram-positive organisms especially methicillin resistant Staphylococcal *** resistance to this antimicrobial is emerging but it is extremely *** we document first case of linezolid resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus(***) from *** organism was isolated from pus oozing from a postsurgical site in 61 year old male hailing from an adjoining state of Haryana.

关键词： Linezolid Staphylococcus haemolyticus Drug resistance

An application of data envelopment analysis to investigate the efficiency of lumber industry in northwestern Ontario,Canada

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第4期23卷 675-684页

作者： Thakur Prasad Upadhyay chander Shahi Mathew Leitch Reino Pulkki Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University955 Oliver RoadThunder BayON P7B 5E1 Canada.

This study aims at exploring the technical efficiency of lum- ber industry in northwestern Ontario, Canada using data envelopment analysis （DEA）. The DEA model analyzes relative technical efficiency of lumber mills with disproportionate inputs and outputs by dividing the 10- year time series data, for inputs and outputs of 24 lumber mills, over two periods （1999-2003 and 2004-2008）. Four inputs, namely, material （log volume）, labour （man-hours）, two types of energy （hog-fuel and electric- ity）, and one output （lumber volume） are used in this study. The trend analysis shows an annual reduction of 10%, 13% and 13% for lumber output, log consumption （input） and number of employees, respectively, during the period 1999-2008. The results from DEA with two scenarios with energy inputs and without energy inputs, for the two periods are found to be mixed and interesting. While some mills have improved their performance in terms of best use of available scarce inputs in the second period, some have shown negative per cent change in efficiency. In the with energy input and the without energy input scenario, some of the mills show a reduction in efficiency in the second period from the first period, with the highest estimated reductions of-13.9% and -47.6%, respectively. A possible explanation for these negative performances of mills in the latter period is the decline in production in the second period compared to the first period, where these mills were not able to adjust their inputs （mostly labour） as proportional lay-offs might not have been possible. These results provide policy makers and industry stakeholders with an improved understanding of the trends of efficiency and employ- ment as well as reallocation opportunities of future inputs in order to increase benefits from this sector.

关键词： allocative efficiency forest products industry modelling production inputs technical efficiency