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Comparis.n of s.ed morphology of two ginkgo cultivars

Journal of Fores.ry Res.arch 2020年第3期31卷 751-758页

作者： Fang Tian Yujun Wang hardev s.sandhu Johan Gielis.Peijian s.i Co-Innovation Centre for s.s.ainable Fores.ry in s.uthern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Everglades.Res.arch and Education Center University of Florida3200 E.Palm Beach RoadBelle GladeFL 33430USA Department of Bios.iences.Engineering University of Antwerp2020 AntwerpBelgium

Ginkgo biloba L. is.a precious.relic tree s.ecies.with important economic value. s.eds. as.a vital reproductive organ of plants. can be us.d to dis.inguis. cultivars.of the s.ecies. We chos. 400 s.eds.from two cultivars.of ginkgo(“Fozhi” and “Maling”;200 s.eds.for each cultivar) as.the s.udy material and us.d the Gielis.equation to fit the projected s.ape of thes. s.eds. The coefficients.of variation(CV) in root mean s.uared errors.RMs.)obtained from the fitted data were us.d to compare the level of inter-cultivar variations.in s.ed s.ape. We als. us.d the covariance analys.s.to compare the allometric relations.ips.between s.ed weights.and projected areas.of thes. two cultivars. The Gielis.equation fitted well the s.eds.apes.of two ginkgo cultivars. The lower CV in RMs. of cultivar “Fozhi” than “Maling” indicated a les. s.mmetrical s.ed s.ape in the latter than the former. The boots.rap percentile method s.owed that the s.ed s.ape differences.between the two cultivars.were s.gnificant. However, there was.no s.gnificant difference in the exponents.between the s.ed weights.and the projected areas.of thes. two ***, the s.gnificant differences.in s.apes.between the s.eds.of two ginkgo cultivars.were well explained by the Gielis.equation;this.model can be further extended to compare morphological differences.in other ginkgo cultivars. and even for plant s.eds.or animal eggs.that have s.milar oval s.apes.

关键词： Allometry Coefficient of variation Curve fitting Gielis equation Root mean s.uared errors

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Capturing the interaction types.of two Bt toxins.CrylAc and Cry2Ab on s.ppres.ing the cotton bollworm by us.ng multi-exponential equations

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Ins.ct s.ience 2016年第4期23卷 649-654页

作者： Pei-Jian s.i Ji-Zhen Wei hardev s. sandhu Ge-Mei Liang Collaborative Innovation Center of s.s.ainable Fores.ry in s.uthem China of Jiangs. Province Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China s.ate Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Dis.as.s.and Ins.ct Pes.s Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Ins.itute of Food and Agricultural s.iences Everglades Research and Education Center University of Florida Belle Glade USA

Trans.enic crops.are increas.ngly promoted for their practical effects.on s.ppres.ing certain ins.ct pes.s. but all trans.enic crops.are not equally s.cces.ful. The ins.ct pes.s.can eas.ly develop res.s.ance agains. s.ngle Bacillus.thuringiens.s.（Bt） toxin trans. genic crops. Therefore, trans.enic crops.including two or more mixed Bt-toxins.can s.lve this.problem by delaying the res.s.ance development and killing the majority of targeted pes.s.before the evolution of res.s.ance. It is.important to tes. the controlling effects.of trans.enic crops.including multiple mixed toxins.on a particular ins.ct pes.. Previous.res.arch has.checked the cros.-res.s.ance and interactions.between Bt toxins.CrylAc and Cry2Ab agains. one s.s.eptible and four res.s.ant s.rains.of cotton bollworm. The res.lts.s.owed that independence was.the main interaction type between two toxins.for the s.s.eptible s.rain, whereas.s.nergis. was.the main interaction type for any one res.s.ant s.rain. However, the optimal combinations.of two toxins.were not obtained. In the pres.nt s.udy, we developed two multi-exponential equations.（namely bi- and tri-exponential equations. to des.ribe the combination effects.of two Bt toxins. Importantly, the equations.can provide predictions.of combination effects.of different continuous.concentrations.of two toxins. We compared thes. two multi-exponential equations.with the generalized linear model （GLM） in des.ribing the combination effects. and found that the bi- and tri-exponential equations.are better than GLM. Moreover, the bi-exponential equation can als. provide the optimal dos. combinations.for two toxins.

关键词： bi-exponential equation interaction mortality res.s.ance tri-exponential equation

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Lands.ape changes.have greater effects.than climate changes.on s.x ins.ct pes.s.in China

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s.ience China(Life s.iences. 2016年第6期59卷 627-633页

作者： Zihua Zhao hardev s.sandhu Fang Ouyang Feng Ge s.ate Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pes. Ins.cts.and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Entomology College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Everglades.Res.arch and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida

In recent years. global changes.are the major caus.s.of frequent, wides.read outbreaks.of pes.s.in mos.ic lands.apes. which have received s.bs.antial attention worldwide. We collected data on global changes.lands.ape and climate) and economic damage caus.d by s.x main ins.ct pes.s.during 1951–2010 in China. Lands.ape changes.had s.gnificant effects.on all s.x ins.ct pes.s. Pes. damage increas.d s.gnificantly with increas.ng arable land area in agricultural lands.apes. However, climate changes.had no effect on damage caus.d by pes.s. except for the rice leaf roller(Cnaphalocrocis.medinalis.Guenee) and armyworm(Mythimna s.parate(Walker)), which caus.d les. damage to crops.with increas.ng mean temperature. Our res.lts.indicate that there is.s.ight evidence of pos.ible offs.t effects.of climate changes.on the increas.ng damage from thes. two agricultural pes.s. Lands.ape changes.have caus.d s.rious.outbreaks.of s.veral s.ecies. which s.gges.s.the pos.ibility of the us. of lands.ape des.gn for the control of pes. populations.through habitat rearrangement. Lands.ape manipulation may be us.d as.a green method to achieve s.s.ainable pes. management with minimal us. of ins.cticides.and herbicides.

关键词：景观变化农业害虫气候变化稻纵卷叶螟全球变化经济损失耕地面积农业景观

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Ionic Gravitation and Ionized s.lid Iron s.ellar Bodies

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Journal of High Energy Phys.cs. Gravitation and Cos.ology 2023年第2期9卷 414-437页

作者： Gurcharn s. sandhu Independent Res.archer Chandigarh India

A well-known but erroneous.notion of electron degeneracy pres.ure has.mis.ed As.rophys.cs.for nearly a century now. Becaus. of their electros.atic interactions. the electrons.can never exchange their momentum with pos.tive ions.through elas.ic collis.ons.and hence can never provide the s.-called electron degeneracy pres.ure in s.ellar cores.to counter the effect of gravity. In s.tuations.of high core dens.ties. when the mean s.paration dis.ance between atoms.or ions.becomes.les. than the normal s.ze of their parent atoms. their electros.atic repuls.on will force them into a lattice gridlock, leading to a s.lid s.ate. All degenerate s.ellar cores.cons.itute a s.lid s.ate and the radial and hoop s.res.es.induced by s.lf-gravitation are proportional to the s.uare of radius.(rs.p>2s.p>). As.the s.ze of a s.lid iron s.ellar core grows. its.peripheral region will experience extreme compres.ion and will get partially ionized due to the phenomenon of pres.ure ionization. All s.-called Neutron s.ars.and Black Holes.are in fact Ionized s.lid Iron s.ellar Bodies.(Is.s.). The pres.nce of ions.in the peripheral regions.of the Is.s. will be as.ociated with the circulation of degenerate electrons.around the s.rface, thereby producing s.rong magnetic fields. A pos.tive exces. of ionic charge in all Is.s. becomes.a s.urce of Ionic Gravitation through the proces. of polarization of neutral atoms.and molecules.in s.ellar bodies. Thes. Is.s. are the primary cons.ituents.of AGN and are the s.urce of all non-s.ellar radiation and Jets.of ionized matter.

关键词： s.lid Core Ionic Gravitation Hoop s.res. Magnetic Field Black Holes AGN

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Dynamic Electron Orbits.in Atomic Hydrogen

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Journal of Modern Phys.cs 2023年第11期14卷 1497-1525页

作者： Gurcharn s. sandhu Independent Res.archer Chandigarh India

Even after extens.ve res.arch in Quantum Mechanics. we are s.ill unable to vis.alize ins.ant-to-ins.ant motion of an electron in hydrogen atom. That is.becaus. in QM treatment, potential energy term has.been mis.akenly as.umed to be time-independent ins.ead of depending on the ins.ant-to-ins.ant varying pos.tion of the orbiting electron [1]. This.has.led to wrong and weird s.lutions.for the electron motion in hydrogen atom. Before the advent of wave mechanics. s.mmerfeld model of elliptical electron orbits.was.able to explain mos. features.of hydrogen s.ectra, except for the features.as.ociated with electron s.in and magnetic moment interactions. However, the s.mmerfeld elliptical orbits.were of kinematic origin and could not provide vis.alization of ins.ant-to-ins.ant dynamic motion of the orbiting electron. Contrary to the QM pers.ective, we find that central core of the electron behaves.as.a clas.ical particle while its.electros.atic field behaves.as.a wave phenomenon. As.s.ch an electron under Coulomb force moves.s.rictly in accordance with Newtonian laws.of motion. In this.paper, we develop dynamic electron orbits.in hydrogen atom by us.ng energy and angular momentum cons.rvation principle in central force field. We have s.own that during photon emis.ion, angular momentum of the orbiting electron is.changed by ħ due to recoil action. This.may be the origin of various.quantization rules. During emis.ion of a photon, elliptical orbit trans.tions.are als. computed and plotted. Orbit trans.tion time is.of the order of 10s.p>-16s.p> s.conds. We have extended this.methodology to compute electron orbits.in hydrogen molecular bond and computed the Hs.b>2s.b> bond energy.

关键词： s.mmerfeld Model s.hrödinger Equation Dynamic Electron Orbits Photon Emis.ion

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Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polys.ccharide Bios.nthes.s

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 840-850页

作者： Ajay Pal s. sandhu Gurs.arn s. Randhawa Kanwarpal s. Dhugga Crop Genetics.Res.arch and Development Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. A DuPont Company 7300 NW 62nd Avenue Johnston IA 50131 USA Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand'India

The wall of an expanding plant cell cons.s.s.primarily of cellulos. microfibrils.embedded in a matrix of hemicellulos.c and pectic polys.ccharides.along with s.all amounts.of s.ructural and enzymatic proteins. Matrix polys.ccharides.are s.nthes.zed in the Golgi and exported to the cell wall by exocytos.s. where they intercalate among cellulos. microfibrils. which are made at the plas.a membrane and directly depos.ted into the cell wall. Involvement of Golgi glucan s.nthes.s.in auxin-induced cell expans.on has.long been recognized; however, only recently have the genes.corres.onding to glucan s.nthas.s.been identified. Biochemical purification was.uns.cces.ful becaus. of the labile nature and very low abundance of thes. enzymes. Mutational genetics.als. proved fruitles.. Expres.ion of candidate genes.identified through gene expres.ion profiling or comparative genomics.in heterologous.s.s.ems.followed by functional characterization has.been relatively s.cces.ful. s.veral genes.from the cellulos. s.nthas.-like （Cs.） family have been found to be involved in the s.nthes.s.of various.hemicellulos.c glycans. The us.fulnes. of this.approach, however, is.limited to thos. enzymes.that probably do not form complexes.cons.s.ing of unrelated proteins. Nonconventional approaches.will continue to incrementally unravel the mechanis.s.of Golgi polys.ccharide bios.nthes.s.

关键词： Biofuels cell wall Cs. Golgi hemicellulos. membrane biochemis.ry.

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A genetic algorithm bas.d improved optimal s.zing s.rategy for s.lar-wind-battery hybrid s.s.em us.ng energy filter algorithm

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Frontiers.in Energy 2020年第1期14卷 139-151页

作者： Aeidapu MAHEs. Kanwarjit s.ngh sandhu Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra136119India

In this.paper,the genetic algorithm(GA)is.applied to optimize a grid connected s.lar photovoltaic(PV)-wind-battery hybrid s.s.em us.ng a novel energy filter *** main objective of this.paper is.to minimize the total cos. of the hybrid s.s.em,while maintaining its.*** with the reliability cons.raint,s.me of the important parameters.s.ch as.full utilization of complementary nature of PV and wind s.s.ems.fluctuations.of power injected into the grid and the battery’s.s.ate of charge(s.C),have als. been cons.dered for the effective s.zing of the hybrid s.s.em.A novel energy filter algorithm for s.oothing the power injected into the grid has.been *** validate the propos.d method,a detailed cas. s.udy has.been *** res.lts.of the cas. s.udy for different cas.s.with and without employing the energy filter algorithm,have been pres.nted to demons.rate the effectivenes. of the propos.d s.zing s.rategy.

关键词： PV-wind-battery hybrid s.s.em s.ze optimization genetic algorithm

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Is.lated colonic neurofibroma, a rare tumor: A cas. report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cas.s 2020年第10期8卷 1932-1938页

作者： s.ra Ghoneim s.nia sandhu Dalbir sandhu Department of Internal Medicine Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical CenterClevelandOH 44109United States Department of Hematology and Oncology Cleveland Clinic Akron GeneralClevelandOH 44307United States Divis.on of Gas.roenterology Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical CenterClevelandOH 44109United States

BACKGROUND Neurofibromas.are tumors.compris.d of peripheral nerve s.eath and connective tis.ue *** can occur s.oradically or as.part of familial s.ndromes.s.ch as.neurofibromatos.s.type *** colonic neurofibroma without s.s.emic manifes.ations.is.a rarely reported clinical *** we pres.nt a cas. of a 51 years.old male with an is.lated colonic neurofibroma s.en on a s.reening *** s.MMARY Fifty-one years.old male who was.otherwis. healthy without a s.gnificant family his.ory of cancer underwent a s.reening colonos.opy and was.found have a 2.3 cm×1.4 cm les.on in the *** biops. revealed a s.indle cell *** res.nance imaging of the pelvis.was.negative for *** underwent an endos.opic ultras.und that s.owed an ill-defined avas.ular les.on of mixed echogenicity meas.ring 2.8 cm×15.2 cm in the s.bmucos. with no communication with mus.ularis.mucos. or *** s.aining of the tumor was.s.rongly pos.tive for s.00,with rare penetrating axons.deep within the *** cells.were negative for c-kit and des.in and had low Ki-67 *** findings.were cons.s.ent with a s.litary colonic s.bmucos.l neurofibroma.A detailed his.ory and phys.cal examination did not reveal any evidence of extraintes.inal *** underwent trans.nal s.rgical res.ction of the *** patient tolerated the procedure well without any *** While neurofibromas.have been well des.ribed in literature,an is.lated colonic neurofibroma is.a rare pathological *** trans.ormation of neurofibromas.has.been reported in patients.with neurofibromatos.s.*** report a cas. of is.lated colonic neurofibroma and highlight the importance of res.ction due to the increas.d ris. of tumorigenes.s.

关键词： Neurofibroma Colonos.opy Neurofibromatos.s.type 1 Neurofibromatos.s.type 2 s.indle cell tumor Endos.opic ultras.und Cas. report

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Gas.rointes.inal and hepatic manifes.ations.of COVID-19:A comprehens.ve review

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2020年第19期26卷 2323-2332页

作者： Ming Han Cha Miguel Regueiro Dalbir s.sandhu Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicAkron GeneralAkronOH 44307United States Department of Gas.roenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44307United States

The s.vere acute res.iratory s.ndrome-coronavirus.2(s.Rs.CoV-2)that caus.s.coronavirus.dis.as.-2019(COVID-19)is.a global pandemic,manifes.ed by an infectious.*** patients.primarily pres.nt with fever,cough and dys.nea,s.me patients.als. develop gas.rointes.inal(GI)and hepatic *** mos. common GI s.mptoms.reported are diarrhea,naus.a,vomiting,and abdominal *** chemis.ry abnormalities.are common and include elevation of as.artate trans.eras.,alanine trans.eras.,and total *** have s.own that s.Rs.CoV-2 infects.the GI tract via its.viral receptor angiotens.n converting enzyme Ⅱ,which is.expres.ed on enterocytes.of the ileum and *** RNA has.als. been is.lated from s.ool s.ecimens.of COVID-19 patients.which rais.d the concern for fecal-oral trans.is.ion in addition to droplet *** indirect evidence has.s.gges.ed pos.ible fecal-oral trans.is.ion of s.Rs.CoV-2,more effort is.needed to es.ablis. the role of the fecal-oral trans.is.ion *** res.arch will help elucidate the as.ociation between patients.with underlying GI dis.as.s.s.ch as.chronic liver dis.as. and inflammatory bowel dis.as.,and s.verity of *** this.review,we s.mmarize the data on GI involvement to date,as.well as.the impact of COVID-19 on underlying GI dis.as.s.

关键词： COVID-19 s.Rs.CoV-2 Gas.rointes.inal Liver Diarrhea Inflammatory bowel dis.as.

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Drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.in acute pancreatitis.A comprehens.ve overview

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World Journal of Clinical Cas.s 2022年第20期10卷 6769-6783页

作者： Akas. Bans.l Pankaj Gupta Anupam K s.ngh Jimil s.ah Jayanta s.manta Hars.al s.Mandavdhare Vis.al s.arma s.roj Kant s.nha Us.a Dutta Manavjit s.ngh sandhu Rakes. Kochhar Department of Radiodiagnos.s Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Gas.roenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Moderately s.vere and s.vere acute pancreatitis.is.characterized by local and s.s.emic *** complications.predominate the early phas. of acute pancreatitis.while local complications.are important in the late phas. of the *** fluid collections.repres.nt the mos. important local *** of thes. collections.is.indicated in the s.tting of infection,pers.s.ent or new ons.t organ failure,compres.ive or pres.ure s.mptoms.and intraabdominal ***,endos.opic,and minimally invas.ve s.rgical drainage repres.nts.the various.methods.of drainage with each having its.own advantages.and *** methods.are often *** this.minireview,we dis.us. the indications.timing,and techniques.of drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.with focus.on percutaneous.catheter *** als. dis.us. the novel methods.and techniques.to improve the outcomes.of percutaneous.catheter drainage.

关键词： Pancreatitis.Acute necrotizing Drainage Catheters s.ents Therapeutic irrigation Debridement Collections

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