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Dietary copper triggers onset of fulminant hepatitis in the Long-Evans cinnamon rat model

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5542-5550页

作者： Ramsi Siaj Vanessa Sauer Sandra Stppeler hans-ullrich spiegel Gabriele Khler Andree Zibert Hartmut HJ Schmidt Klinik und Poliklinik für Transplantationsmedizin Universittsklinikum MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Abteilung Chirurgische Forschung Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-und ViszeralchirurgieUniversittsklinikum MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie Universittsklinikum MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany

AIM： To investigate the impact of dietary copper given at different time points on the onset of fulminant hepatitis. METHODS： The Long-Evans cinnamon （LEC） rat mod- el of Wilson＇s disease （WD） was used to study the im- pact of high dietary copper （hCu） on the induction of fulminant hepatitis at early or late time points of life. High Cu diet was started in rat pups or in adults （month 5） for three months. Animals that received reduced di- etary copper （rCu） throughout their lifetime served as a control. Hepatitis-associated serum markers （alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin） were analyzed in animal groups receiving hCu or rCu. Liver copper content and liver histology were revealed at sacrifice. A set of 5 marker genes previously found to be affected in injured liver and which are related to angiogenesis （Vegfa）, fat metabolism （Srebf1）, ex- tracellular matrix （Timp1）, oxidative stress （Hmox1）, and the cell cycle （Cdknla） were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： Regardless of the time point when hCu was started, LEC rats （35/36） developed fulminant hepati- tis and died. Animals receiving rCu （36/36） remained healthy, did not develop hepatitis, and survived long term without symptoms of overt disease, although liver copper accumulated in adult animals （477 ± 75 μg/g）. With regard to start of hCu, onset of fulminant hepatitis was significantly （P 〈 0.001） earlier in adults （35±9 d） that showed pre-accumulation of liver copper as com- pared to the pup group （77±15 d）. Hepatitis-associ- ated serum markers, liver copper and liver histology, as well as gene expression, were affected in LEC rats re- ceiving hCu. However, except for early and rapid onset of hepatitis, biochemical and molecular markers were similar at the early and late time points of disease. CONCLUSION： Rapid onset of fulminant hepatitis in asymptomatic LEC rats with elevated liver copper sug- gests that there is a critical threshold of liver copper which is imp

关键词： Wilson's disease Fulminant hepatitis Acuteliver failure Dietary copper Long-Evans cinnamon rat A TP7B

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Hazard Rate Estimation for GNSS-Based Train Localization Using Model-Based Approach

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2020年第1期29卷 49-56页

作者： LU Debiao TANG Dezhang spiegel Dirk Beijing Engineering Research Center of EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Deutsche Bahn AG Bahntower

GNSS(Global navigation satellite system)has shown its ability on the non-safety relevant applications in various applications. In railway domain, safety is the utmost concern, GNSS-based train localization unit is the carrier of safe localization. EN 50126 standard specifies the electric and electronic system performance requirements as Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety(RAMS). Safety performance characteristic is based on the reliability and availability analysis *** formal method considering the risk identification and analysis is compulsory for the safety assessment. This paper provides the method for hazard analysis of the GNSS-based train localization function and further the hazard rate estimation of each hazard. The model-based approach using GNSS localization unit working principle is proposed to study railway localization behavior *** hazard for the localization unit is formally stated, real collected data on circular test track in Beijing is studied using the proposed method. The result shows that the safety requirement of the performance can be transformed into safety integrity properly, the risks of GNSS in train station environment conditions are presented.

关键词： Tolerable hazard rate GNSS Risk analysis Train localization

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Social interactions in striped hyena inferred from camera trap data:is it more social than previously thought?

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 345-353页

作者： Jonathan TICHON Jason S.GILCHRIST Guy ROTEM Paul Ward Orr spiegel Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990Israel School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University1 Sighthll CourtEdinburgh EH114BNUK Spatial Ecology Laboratory Department of Life SciencesBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShebaIsrael Faculty of Lifle Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversiyTel Aviv 69978Israel

Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and *** this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena Hyaena *** species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant *** evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions sug-gests a revision of striped hyena social structure is *** hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary *** that end,we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel,and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by *** adults were(re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking *** these,6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce,isolated perennial water *** of them,co-occurred with other hyena(in 3 instan-ces)significantly more frequent than expected by chance(and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor).Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena,highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space use and sociality,and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social *** suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other"solitary species"to better under-stand their social dynamics.

关键词： behavioral ecology cluster in space Hyaena hyaena social iteracin striped hyena social structure

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Natal dispersal in a social landscape： Considering individual behavioral phenotypes and social environment in dispersal ecology

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 543-556页

作者： Tina W. WEY Orr spiegel Pierre-Olivier MONTIGLIO Karen E. MABRY Biology Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 USA Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phe- notype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral pheno- types. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly un- derstood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral pheno- types and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were beha- vioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to＂ a） make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b） integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c） consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics （i.e., the social landscape） encountered by individual dispersers

关键词： Animal dispersal Animal personality Behavioral syndromes Individual differences Social landscape

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Myxomycete diversity in the Tarim basin and eastern Tian-Shan,Xinjiang Prov.,China

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第2期59卷 91-108页

作者： Martin Schnittler Yuri K.Novozhilov Eva Carvajal Frederick W.spiegel Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology Ernst Moritz Arndt University GreifswaldGrimmer Str.8817487 GreifswaldGermany V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prof.Popov St.2197376 St.PetersburgRussia Royal Botanic Garden(CSIC) Plaza de Murillo2Madrid 28014Spain Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasSCEN 6011FayettevilleAR 72701USA

We report the results of a survey for myxomycetes in the Chinese province of Xinjiang,covering the northern part of the Tarim basin and the eastern Tian-Shan *** in the hyperarid Tarim basin focused on monospecific Tugai forests;these are park-like stands of the phreatophyte Populus *** a transect from the Tarim basin to the mountains,trees vanish outside the basin,but reoccur at ca.1,400 m elevation as monospecific forests of Picea schrenkiana;the second focal area of the *** a total of 362 substrate samples(245 from the Tarim basin,177 from the mountains)we obtained 477 determinable records of myxomycetes,plus a total of 206 field collections,the latter almost exclusively from the spruce forests in the *** the 80 taxa recorded 53 are represented by field collections,and 32 were found in moist chamber cultures;with a very low overlap in species assemblages found in the field and in *** receiving less than 50 mm annual precipitation,corticolous myxomycetes were common in the Tugai forests,with Physarum pseudonotabile ***.,Didymium anellus,Echinostelium colliculosum and Protophysarum phloiogenum as the most common *** to the Tarim basin(21 taxa)the mountains were much richer in myxomycetes(75 taxa),although the diversity recovered from cultures was comparable(21 vs.28 taxa).Most species from the mountains fruited on decaying spruce,often collected under or even inside the logs due to the extremely dry *** results suggest first that there is no lower limit of annual precipitation for myxomycetes,as long as at least some days with nightly dew fall allow these organisms to complete their life ***,the two examples of surprisingly diverse myxomycete assemblages from monospecific forests demonstrate,that species richness of this group is not necessarily connected with plant diversity of the *** survey is the most eastern of a large-scale study of myxomycete diversity throughout M

关键词： Amoebozoa Distribution Moist chamber culture Myxogastria Plasmodial slime molds

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Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement in children

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第11期8卷 836-845页

作者： David spiegel Shikshya Shrestha Prakash Sitoula Norma Rendon John Dormans Division of Orthopaedic Surgery Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Kathmandu Model Hospital Department of Orthopedics Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Texas Children’s Hospital

AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful *** Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patients were classified into one of the five types defined by Pang and Li, including types Ⅰ(atlantoaxial rotatopry fixation), Ⅱ("pathologic stickiness" without crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅲ("pathologic stickiness" with crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅳ(normal or muscular torticollis), and Ⅴ(diagnostic grey zone). The Pang and Li class was then compared with the radiologist's report, which was graded abnormal, diagnosis of rotatory subluxation or fixation, or non-diagnostic. Medical records were reviewed and the clinical course was compared among the five *** We reviewed 47 CT scans in 35 patients, and the majority were performed without sedation. The average age was 7.7 years(4-14 years old) and associated conditions included minor trauma(20%), surgical procedures around the head and neck(29%), and Grisels syndrome(20%). Twenty-six percent of our studies fell within the pathologic spectrum(5% type 1 or rotatory fixation, 21% types 2 and 3 or rotatory subluxation), while 45% were classified as muscular torticollis(45%) and 28% fell within the diagnostic grey zone. Seven radiologists interpreted these studies, and their interpretation was discordant in 45% of cases. Clinical resolution occurred in 27 of 29 cases for which follow-up was available. One of two patients with fixed rotatory subluxation required a C1-C2 *** The Pang and Li classification characterizes a spectrum of abnormalities in rotation to facilitate communication, although the indications for dynamic CT scan should be further defined.

关键词： Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation Dynamic rotational computed tomography Atlanto-axial rotatory displacement

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Noninvasive indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate predicts early complications,graft failure or death after liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第4期10卷 362-368页

作者： Lutz Schneider Martin spiegel Sebastian Latanowicz Markus A Weigand Jan Schmidt Jens Werner Wolfgang Stremmel Christoph Eisenbach Department of General Surgery University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 110Heidelberg 69110Germany Department of Gastroenterology University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg 69120Germany Department of Anaesthesiology University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 110Heidelberg 69110Germany

BACKGROUND:Early detection of graft malfunction or postoperative complications is essential to save patients and organs after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Predictive tests for graft dysfunction are needed to enable earlier implementation of organ-saving interventions following *** study was undertaken to assess the value of indocyanine green plasma disappearance rates (ICG-PDRs) for predicting postoperative complications,graft dysfunction and patient survival following ***:Eighty-six patients undergoing OLT were included in this single-centre ***-PDR was assessed daily for the first 7 days following *** were graft loss or death within 30 days and postoperative complications,graft loss,or death within 30 ***:Postoperative complications of 31 patients included deaths (12 patients) or graft ***-PDR was significantly different in patients whose endpoints were graft loss or death beginning from day 3 and in those whose endpoints were graft loss,death,or postoperative complications beginning from day 4 after *** day 7 measurements,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an ICG-PDR cut-off for predicting death or graft loss of 9.6% per min (a sensitivity of 75.0%,a specificity of 72.6%,positive predictive value 0.35 negative predictive value 0.94).For prediction of graft loss,death or postoperative complications,the ICG-PDR cut-off was 12.3%per min (a sensitivity of 68.9%,a specificity of 66.7%,positive predictive value 0.57,negative predictive value 0.77).CONCLUSIONS:ICG-PDR measurements on postoperative day 7 are predictive of early patient outcomes following *** added value over that of routinely determined laboratory parameters is low.

关键词： indocyanine green liver function liver transplantation

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Non-invasive digestion monitoring with an FDA-cleared wearable biosensor:further validation for use in tracking food ingestion

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第5期9卷 475-477,I0003页

作者： Erica R.Cohen Mayra Lopez Brennan M.R.spiegel Christopher V.Almario Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education(CS-CORE) Los AngelesCAUSA Division of Health Services Research Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Health Policy and Management UCLA Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCAUSA Division of Informatics Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Introduction Obesity affects one-third of the US population and accounts for$200 billion/year in expenditures[1].Diet and exercise form the cornerstone of management,yet are often ineffective[2].Mobile health applications(mHealth apps)can augment traditional strategies;Gill and Panda[3]demonstrated that obese patients can modify their eating behavior and lose weight using an mHealth app to track food *** promising,these apps typically require active data input and currently lack passively collected,physiologic input to support sustained behavior change.

关键词：生物传感器消化功能食物摄入

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Notes from the first workshop of the IGCP 543 Low temperature thermochronology： applications and interlaboratory calibration

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Episodes 2008年第3期31卷 356-357页

作者： Zattin, Massimiliano Balestrieri, Maria Laura Hasehe, Noriko Ketcham, Richard Seward, Diane Sobel, Ed spiegel, Carnelia Univ Bologna Dipartimento Sci Terr & Geol Ambientali I-40127 Bologna Italy CNR Ist Geosci & Georisorse Sezione Firenze I-50121 Florence Italy Kanazawa Univ Inst Nat & Environm Technol Kanazawa Ishikawa 9201192 Japan Univ Texas Austin Jackson Sch Geosci Austin TX 78712 USA ETH Zent Inst Geol CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Univ Potsdam Inst Geowissensch D-14476 Haus Germany Univ Bremen Fachbereich 5 D-28334 Bremen Germany

Quantification of geological processes is a demanding task of primary importance in many Earth science studies. One valuable tool is low-temperature thermochronology （mainly fission-track and U-Th/He analyses） which finds many applications in the oil industry, in the exploration and sustainable management of water and mineral resources and in the analysis of the relationships between tectonics and climate change. The IGCP 543 project has two primary aims：

关键词：校准方法环境温度地理学国际会议

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A Generic Polycarbonate Based Microfluidic Tool to Study Crystal Nucleation in Microdroplets

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Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology 2018年第1期8卷 1-17页

作者： Daniel Selzer Burkard spiegel Matthias Kind Institute of Thermal Process Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

Crystal nucleation is important to control the product properties in industrial crystallization processes. To investigate crystallization phenomena, methods which rely on microscopic volumes have gained relevance over the last decade. Microfluidic devices are suitable for carrying out crystallization experiments based on a large set of individual droplets in the nanoliter range. In this work, we propose a simple method to manufacture such devices from polycarbonate as an alternative to conventional chips made of poly (dimethylsiloxane). The microfluidic device consists of two main functional parts: A T-junction for droplet generation and a section for storage and observation of up to 400 individual droplets. Using these manufactured devices, it is easy to produce and store highly monodisperse droplets of substances that require either a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface of the microchannel. Since crystal nucleation is a stochastic process which depends on the sample volume, a reproducible droplet volume is of great importance for crystallization experiments. The versatile applicability of the manufactured devices is demonstrated for substances which are used in different crystallization applications, for example, solution crystallization (aqueous potassium nitrate solution) and melt crystallization (ethylene glycol distearate). Finally, we demonstrate that the manufactured microfluidic devices in our experimental setup can be used to conduct crystal nucleation measurements. Based on these measurements we discuss our results with respect to state-of-the-art nucleation models.

关键词： Microfluidics Polycarbonate Crystallization Electrolyte Solution Organic Melt

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